2023屆陜西省渭南市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測（I）（一模）英語試題 【含答案解析】

第1頁/共1頁渭南市2023屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(Ⅰ)英語試題第Ⅰ卷(選擇題共100分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C.1Whathappenedtothemanlastnight?A.Hiswindowgotbroken.B.Hewatchedascaryfilm.C.Hispetwaslost.2.WhatdoMikeandGaryhaveincommon?A.Theyliveinthesameneighborhood.B.Theysharethesamehobbies.C.Theylookalike.3.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Doherhomework.B.Holdagardenparty.C.Cleanthebathroom.4.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Tired.B.Thirsty.C.Energetic.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Intheman’shouse.B.Inanartmuseum.C.Inthemountains.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.WhatdoesthemanplantodoonSaturday?A.Celebratehisson’sgraduation.B.Haveabusinessmeeting.C.Watchamovie.7.WhywillthemangotoParis?A.Tovisithisfamily.B.Togoonbusiness.C.Totakeavacation.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howoftendoesthemangotothegym?A.Everyday.B.Threetimesaweek.C.Fourtimesamonth.9.Whatdoesthemanhavetroublein?A.Improvinghishealth.B.Becomingstronger.C.Losingweight.10.Whichexercisewillthemantry?A.Cycling.B.Running.C.Swimming.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whyhasthemancometotown?A.Tospendtimewithfriends.B.Toperformatamusicfestival.C.Toattendanimportantmeeting.12.Howcanthelightsbeturnedoff?A.Byproducingaloudsound.B.Bymakingmovement.C.Byusingaphoneapp.13.Whatdoesthemanwantfromthewoman?A.Atoothbrush.B.Analarmdock.C.Somethingtoeat.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whomightthewomanbe?A.Theman’smother.B.Theman’sclassmate.C.Theman’steacher.15.WhatisthetopicofDaniel’spresentation?A.Differentculturesaroundtheworld.B.Storiesaboutdragons.C.Naturaldisasters.16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofDaniel’stopic?A.It’sserious.B.It’sordinary.C.It’sinteresting.17.WhatwillDanielprobablydonext?A.Writeareport.B.Readsomebooks.C.Giveapresentation.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Thedevelopmentofclocks.B.Theimportanceofclocksinmodemlife.C.Thereasonswhyclocksarelesspopular.19.Whichcountryisthebirthplaceofthefirstclock?A.China.B.Germany.C.Greece.20.Whenwasthefirstmostwidelyusedwatchinvented?A.Inthe10thcentury.B.Inthe14thcentury.C.Inthe16thcentury.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AActonScottHistoricWorkingFarmAboutActonScottHistoricWorkingFarmisawonderfulvisitorattractionforallthefamilytoenjoy.FoundedbyThomasActontokeepalivethe19th-centuryfarmingpracticeshegrewupwith,thefarmwasthefirstofitskindandhasbeenmuchcopiedsince.Thomas’sforesighthashelpedtopreservemanytraditionsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlosttomodern-dayfarmingtechniques.TheHistoricWorkingFarmoffersaninterestinginsightintorurallifeattheturnofthe19thcentury,asfarmlifeunfoldsdailywhilethelandaroundisworkedbyheavyhorses.Therearedailydemonstrationsofperiodskills,providingapictureoflifeasitmighthavebeenonaVictoriancountryestate.Specialeventsandtraditionalcraft(技藝)andtradecoursestolearnabouttheforgottenskillsofthepastrunthroughouttheyear.TheOldSchool,originallybuiltbyFrancesStackhouseActoninthelate19thcenturytoeducatechildren,hasbeenrecentlyrestoredandisnowanattractivecafe.Itserveshome-cookedhotandcoldmeals,snacksanddrinks.OpeningtimesSaturday-Wednesday10:00to16:30March—October,enterbefore15:30Ticketprices0-2Free3-17￡5.00Adults￡9.00Pensioners(領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金者)￡8.001.Whatcanvisitorsdoatthefarm?A.Ridehorseswiththeirfamily.B.Learntraditionalfarmingskills.C.AttendclassesattheOldSchool.D.Cookmealswiththefarmproducts.2.Atwhattimecanvisitorsenterthefarm?A.At2.00pm,Monday,May. B.At10.00am,Friday,March.C.At11.30amonJanuary1. D.At4.30pmonOctober20.3.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthefarm?A.￡18. B.￡21. C.￡23. D.￡27.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了ActonScott農(nóng)場的相關(guān)信息，包括其創(chuàng)建背景、活動項目、開放時間和票價?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Specialeventsandtraditionalcraft(技藝)andtradecoursestolearnabouttheforgottenskillsofthepastrunthroughouttheyear.(全年都有特別的活動和傳統(tǒng)工藝和貿(mào)易課程，可以學(xué)習(xí)過去被遺忘的技能。)”可知，游客們在農(nóng)場可以學(xué)到一些過去被遺忘的傳統(tǒng)技藝和貿(mào)易課程等。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Openingtimes中的“Saturday-Wednesday10:00to16:30March—October,enterbefore15:30(開放時間：3月-10月周六至周三10:00-16:30，15:30前入場)”可知，A項5月周一下午2:00符合入場時間。故選A項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ticketprices中的“3-17：￡5.00；Adults：￡9.00”可知，3-17歲的票價為每人5英鎊，成年人的票價為每人9英鎊。一個11歲的女孩加兩個成年人的票價為：5+9+9=23英鎊。故選C項。BWhenIwasastudentatSt.Joseph’sUniversity,IbegantospendtimeonthestreetsofPhiladelphia,gettingtoknowthemenandwomenforwhomthesestreetsweretheironlyhome.ThemoreIdevelopedrelationshipswiththemandthemoreIgottoknowthem,theharderitbecametoheadhomeatnightwhiletheyremainedoutside.Inthisjourney,IhavehadmanygreatteachersincludingGeorgiannaSimmons,wholostnineofhertoestofrostbite(凍傷),andJoeWilliams,withacollegedegree,whorunsarescuecenterforhomelessmen.I’vebeendoingthisworkformorethanthirtyyears.Peoplewhohavenothinghavetaughtmesomuchaboutlife.Thelessontheyhavetaughtmeisthatpeoplewhoarehomelessneedthesamechancesweallneed:housing,education,employment,andhealthcare.Contrarytooursociety,whichvaluesthoseitbelievesproductiveandrichandoftenignoresthosewhostrugglewithhomelessness,Ibelievethateveryman,woman,andchildhasgifts.Everyonematters!Therefore,Iworkforasocietyinwhicheachpersonisgiventhechancesandresourcestoachievetheirfullestpotential(潛力).Ialsobelievethatourgreatestpowerisreleasedwhenpeoplecometogetheracrosssocialboundaries(邊界)toformacommunity.Itisthrough“thepowerofus”thatwecometoknowthedeepesttruthofourhumanity.ThisiswhatItrulybelieve,“Noneofusaretrulyhomeuntilallofusarehome.”4.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheauthorafterheknewmoreaboutthehomeless?A.Hewantedtomakefriendswiththem. B.Headmiredthelifetheywereliving.C.Hedecidedtoliveonthestreets. D.Hefeltgreatpityforthem.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutJoeWilliams?A.Hehasmadestudiesonthehomeless.B.Hehasbeenhomelessforalongtime.C.Hehasdonesomethinggoodforthehomeless.D.Hehastakencareofthehomelessathishome.6.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?A.Thehomelessaretakenseriouslybythegovernment.B.Weshouldprovidehousesforthehomeless.C.Thehomelesshavefewerchancesthanus.D.Thenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.7.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EveryonemattersB.HowthehomelessliveC.ThebestwaytohelpthehomelessD.Whatweshoulddotohelpourselves【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。當(dāng)作者還是圣約瑟夫大學(xué)的學(xué)生時就開始關(guān)注流浪街頭的那些人，那些人無家可歸，作者30多年來一直致力于幫助他們，尊重他們，他們使作者認(rèn)識到他們也需要和我們一樣的機會，作者認(rèn)為每個人都有天賦，每個人都有存在的價值?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段最后：“ThemoreIdevelopedrelationshipswiththemandthemoreIgottoknowthem,theharderitbecametoheadhomeatnightwhiletheyremainedoutside.”作者越了解他們，當(dāng)他們還流浪在外時，越難以自己回家，所以可以推斷出作者對他們有深深的憐憫，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段：“……JoeWilliams,withacollegedegree,whorunsarescuecenterforhomelessmen.”JoeWilliams開辦了一家救濟中心來幫助無家可歸的人。所以JoeWilliams為為無家可歸的人做了些好事，故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。第三段：“……thatpeoplewhoarehomelessneedthesamechancesweallneed:housing,education,employment,andhealthcare.”無家可歸的人需要和我們所需要的一樣的機會，如住房、教育、就業(yè)和健康?？梢酝茢?，無家可歸的人所擁有的機會要比我們正常人少，故選C?！?題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。第三段：“Peoplewhohavenothinghavetaughtmesomuchaboutlife.Thelessontheyhavetaughtmeisthatpeoplewhoarehomelessneedthesamechancesweallneed:housing,education,employment,andhealthcare.Contrarytooursociety,whichvaluesthoseitbelievesproductiveandrichandoftenignoresthosewhostrugglewithhomelessness,Ibelievethateveryman,woman,andchildhasgifts.Everyonematters!”，作者在長達(dá)30多年與無家可歸者的接觸中，了解了他們，從他們那學(xué)到了有關(guān)生活的很多東西，而我們的社會在忽視他們的價值，他們有天賦，他們每個人都很重要，這就是作者為此工作的原因，這就是作者寫這篇文章的主旨，所以選項A“每個人都很重要”最適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選A。CManystudieshaveshownthelearning-by-teachingeffect.Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey’velearnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.Butwhydoesteachinghelp?Researchersdidastudytotesttheirideathatteachingimprovestheteacher’slearningbecauseitforcestheteachertofindbackwhatthey’velearned.Theyasked124studentstospendtenminutesstudyingatextwithnumbersonatopicwhichiscompletelynewtothem.Theytoldthestudentstheycouldtakenoteswhilestudying,butwouldteachthematerialafterwardswithoutnotes.Afterstudyingthetext,thestudentsweredividedintofourgroups.Inonegroupthestudentsspentfiveminutesgivingalessononthestudymaterialwithoutnotes.Theothergroupseitherspentthesametimecompletingarithmetic(算術(shù))problems,teachingwithascript(講稿)orwritingdownalltheycouldrememberfromthetext—aformofrecallingpractice.Aweeklater,allthestudentstookasurprisetestoftheirknowledgeandunderstandingofthetext.Theimportantfindingisthattheteaching-without-notesgroupandtherecalling-practicegroupperformedbetterthanthegroupthatcompletedarithmeticproblemsandthegroupthattaughtwithascript.Theresearcherssaidtheresultshowsthatthebenefitsofthelearning-by-teachingmethodarecausedbyrecallingpractice;thatis,thelearning-by-teachingmethodworksonlywhentheteachingincludesrecallingthetaughtmaterials.Thenewfindingshaveapracticalsuggestionforhowthelearning-by-teachingmethodisusedineducation.Inordertomakesurethatstudentslearnandrememberaneducationalmaterial,theyshouldinternalize(內(nèi)化)thematerialbeforepresentingittoothers,ratherthandependonnotesduringthepresentationprocess.8.WhydoestheauthorgiveaquestioninParagraph1?A.Tolookforreaders’answer. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tokeepasenseofmystery. D.Toshowoffhisknowledge.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Whythestudystarted. B.Howthestudywasdone.C.Howmanypeoplejoinedinthestudy. D.Whatconclusiontheresearchersmade.10.Whatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtotheauthor?A.Previewing-by-teaching. B.Note-taking.C.Learning-by-teaching. D.Mind-mapping.11.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Ahistorytextbook. B.Anewspaper.C.Aguideline. D.Adetectivenovel.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項重要的研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生在教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)更有助于提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話“Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey’velearnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.(花時間教授所學(xué)知識的學(xué)生比只花同樣時間重新學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)出更好的理解和記憶知識的能力)”和第二段第一句話“Researchersdidastudytotesttheirideathatteachingimprovestheteacher’slearningbecauseitforcestheteachertofindbackwhatthey’velearned.(研究人員進(jìn)行了一項研究，以驗證他們的觀點，即教學(xué)提高了教師的學(xué)習(xí)，因為它迫使教師找回他們所學(xué)的東西)”可知，本篇文章主要講述在教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)更能提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效果。由此可知，第一段提出問題的原因在于進(jìn)一步介紹本篇文章的主題。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句話“Theyasked124studentstospendtenminutesstudyingatextwithnumbersonatopicwhichiscompletelynewtothem.(他們讓124名學(xué)生花十分鐘學(xué)習(xí)一篇關(guān)于一個對他們來說完全陌生的主題的帶有數(shù)字的課文)”，第四句話“Afterstudyingthetext,thestudentsweredividedintofourgroups.(在學(xué)習(xí)課文后，學(xué)生們被分為四組)”以及最后一句話“Aweeklater,allthestudentstookasurprisetestoftheirknowledgeandunderstandingofthetext.(一周后，所有的學(xué)生都對他們的知識和對課文的理解進(jìn)行了一次意外的測試)”可知，第二段主要介紹實驗的過程，也就是這個實驗是怎么做的。故選B。10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenewfindingshaveapracticalsuggestionforhowthelearning-by-teachingmethodisusedineducation.Inordertomakesurethatstudentslearnandrememberaneducationalmaterial,theyshouldinternalize(內(nèi)化)thematerialbeforepresentingittoothers,ratherthandependonnotesduringthepresentationprocess.(這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)為教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)在教育中的應(yīng)用提供了切實可行的建議。為了確保學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和記憶教育材料，他們應(yīng)該在向他人展示之前將材料內(nèi)化，而不是在展示過程中依賴筆記)”可知，作者認(rèn)為在教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)有利于教育實踐，學(xué)生應(yīng)該在教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)。由此可推知，在學(xué)校教育中，應(yīng)該強調(diào)的是在教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要講述了一項重要的研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生在教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)更有助于提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率。所以此文章最有可能出自報紙。故選B。DUptoonefifthoftheAmazonrainforestisemittingmorecarbondioxide(CO2),thanitabsorbs,newresearchsuggests.Resultsfromadecade-longstudyofgreenhousegasesovertheAmazonrainforestappeartoshowaround20%ofthetotalareahasbecomeanetsourceofCO2intheatmosphere.Oneofthemaincausesisdeforestation.Whiletreesaregrowing,theyabsorbCO2fromtheatmosphere;deadtreesreleaseitagain.However,thefactisthatmillionsoftreeshavebeenlosttologgingandfiresinrecentyears.Theresultsofthestudy,whichhavenotyetbeenpublished,haveimplicationsfortheefforttocombatclimatechange.TheysuggestthattheAmazonrainforest,avitalcarbon“store”,or“sink”,thatslowsthepaceofglobalwarmingmaybeturningintoacarbonsourcefasterthanpreviouslythought.Everytwoweeksforthepast10years,ateamofscientistsledbyProfessorLucianaGatti,aresearcheratBrazil’sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE),hasbeenmeasuringgreenhousegasesbyflyingaircraftfittedwithsensorsoverdifferentpartsoftheAmazonbasin.Whatthegroupfoundwasstartling:whilemostoftherainforeststillretainsitsabilitytoabsorblargequantitiesofCO2—especiallyinwetteryears—oneportionoftheforest,whichisespeciallyheavilydeforested,appearstohavelostthatcapacity.Gatti’sresearchsuggeststhissouth-easternpartoftheforest,about20%ofthetotalarea,hasbecomeacarbonsource.“Eachyearisworse,”shetoldNewsnight.“Weobservedthatthisareainthesouth-eastisanimportantsourceofcarbon.Anditdoesn’tmatterwhetheritisawetyearoradryyear.2017wasawetyear,butitdidn’tmakeanydifference.”Aforestcanbecomeasourceofcarbonratherthana“store”,or“sink”,whentreesdieandemitcarbonintotheatmosphere.AreasofdeforestationalsocontributetotheAmazon’sinabilitytoabsorbcarbon.CarlosNobre,whoco-authoredProfGatti’sstudy,calledtheobservation“veryworrying”because“itcouldbeshowingthebeginningsofamajortippingpoint”.Hebelievesthenewfindingssuggestthatinthenext30years,morethanhalfoftheAmazoncouldtransformfromrainforestintosavanna(稀樹草原).12.WhichofthefollowingmightProfessorLucianaGattiagreewith?A.MostoftheAmazonrainforestabsorbsmoreCO2inwetteryears.B.TheAmazonrainforestisonitswaytobecomingthebiggestsourceofcarbon.C.Deforestedareastendtoperformbetterintermsofabsorbingcarbonindryyears.D.TheAmazonrainforesthascompletelylostitsabilitytoslowthepaceofglobalwarming.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymean?A.Striking. B.Convincing. C.Confusing. D.Disgusting.14.WhatpartoftheAmazonrainforesthaslostmosttrees?A.Northeastern. B.Southwestern. C.Southeastern. D.Northwestern.15.Whatmightbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?______A.OtherworryingphenomenaabouttheAmazon.B.Moreexplanationsforthe“Amazontippingpoint”.C.Otherpeopledopinionsoneffectsofdeforestation.D.Comparisonbetweenoldfindingsandnewones.【答案】12.A13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了高達(dá)五分之一的亞馬遜雨林排放的二氧化碳多于吸收的二氧化碳這種現(xiàn)象?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段中的“whilemostoftherainforeststillretainsitsabilitytoabsorblargequantitiesofCO2—especiallyinwetteryears—oneportionoftheforest,whichisespeciallyheavilydeforested,appearstohavelostthatcapacity.(盡管大部分雨林仍然保留著吸收大量二氧化碳的能力，尤其是在更潮濕的年份，但有一部分森林，尤其是被嚴(yán)重砍伐的森林，似乎已經(jīng)失去了這種能力)”可知，LucianaGatti教授可能同意“大部分亞馬遜雨林在潮濕的年份吸收更多的二氧化碳”。故選A項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。由第二段中的“Whatthegroupfoundwasstartling:whilemostoftherainforeststillretainsitsabilitytoabsorblargequantitiesofCO2—especiallyinwetteryears—oneportionoftheforest,whichisespeciallyheavilydeforested,appearstohavelostthatcapacity.(該小組的發(fā)現(xiàn)是startling：盡管大部分雨林仍然保留著吸收大量二氧化碳的能力，尤其是在更潮濕的年份，但有一部分森林，尤其是被嚴(yán)重砍伐的森林，似乎已經(jīng)失去了這種能力)”可知，有一部分森林，尤其是被嚴(yán)重砍伐的森林，似乎已經(jīng)失去了碳吸收能力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)令人震驚，startling意為“驚人的（Striking）”。故選A項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Gatti’sresearchsuggeststhissouth-easternpartoftheforest,about20%ofthetotalarea,hasbecomeacarbonsource.“Eachyearisworse,”shetoldNewsnight.(Gatti的研究表明，亞馬遜森林東南部約占總面積的20%，已成為碳源。“一年比一年糟糕，”她告訴《新聞之夜》)”和第四段中的“Aforestcanbecomeasourceofcarbonratherthana“store”,or“sink”,whentreesdieandemitcarbonintotheatmosphere.(當(dāng)樹木死亡并將碳排放到大氣中時，森林可以成為碳的來源，而不是“儲存”或“匯”)”可知，碳源指“樹木死亡并將碳排放到大氣中，讓森林成為碳的來源”，亞馬遜雨林東南部已成為碳源，一年比一年糟糕，說明亞馬遜雨林東南部樹木損失最多。故選C項。15題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“CarlosNobre,whoco-authoredProfGatti’sstudy,calledtheobservation“veryworrying”because“itcouldbeshowingthebeginningsofamajortippingpoint”.Hebelievesthenewfindingssuggestthatinthenext30years,morethanhalfoftheAmazoncouldtransformfromrainforestintosavanna(稀樹草原).(Gatti教授研究的合著者CarlosNobre稱這一觀察結(jié)果“非常令人擔(dān)憂”，因為“它可能顯示出一個重大轉(zhuǎn)折點的開始”。他認(rèn)為，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，在未來30年內(nèi)，超過一半的亞馬遜地區(qū)可能會從雨林轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄洳菰?”可知，CarlosNobre本段提出亞馬遜轉(zhuǎn)折點（即從雨林轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄洳菰?，可得出下一段可能會談到關(guān)于“亞馬遜臨界點”的更多解釋。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Successfulpeoplenotonlyhavehealthymorninghabits,butalsoknowhowtofinishofftheirdayright.Andtheyallhaveparticularhabits.Readabook.___16___Theyallknowtheimportanceofeducatingthemselveseverysingledayinordertoachievebetterresultsintheirprofessionalandpersonallives.Readingwillmakeyoumorelikelytosucceed.Organizethefollowingday.Havingawell-writtenplancanreallybenefitthetasksyouhavesetfortheday.Itisreallydifficulttorememberallthethingsyouneedtodo.___17___Successfulpeopleknowtheimportanceofawell-plannedday.Sobeforeyougotobed,writedownyour3mostimportantgoalsfortomorrow.Spendtimewithfamily.Lifeisnotallaboutwork.Weallneedtoenjoyourselvesandspendqualitytimewiththepeoplewelove.___18___Goingforawalk,playingagamewithyourkidsorjustenjoyingamovienight,canallbereallygreatexercisestostrengthenyourcloserelationships.Getaworkout.___19___Iamsureyouhaveheardthismanytimes,butexercisecanreallybenefityourbody,mind,andbuildyourself-confidencetohelpyoukeepahealthylifestyle.___20___Ifyoulikegettingthingsdoneintheevening,thiscouldbethebesttimeofyourdaytoworkonsomeart.Bycreatingsomethingartistic,youmightevendiscoversomehiddentalents.A.Createyourartatnight.B.Itisusefulforimprovingyourthinking.C.Manysuccessfulpeoplereadeveryday.D.Wemustcreatesomethingmeaningful.E.Sowhynotwritethemalldowninajournal?F.Successfulpeopleknowhowtomaketimefortheirfamily.G.Afteratiringday,itisimportantforyoutogooutandgetyourbodymoving.【答案】16.C17.E18.F19.G20.A【解析】【分析】本文為說明文。成功的人不僅有健康的早晨習(xí)慣，而且知道如何正確利用晚上的時間，他們都有幾個特別的習(xí)慣。【16題詳解】考查上下文及句意理解。根據(jù)上文Readabook.（讀一本書）及下文Theyallknowtheimportanceofeducatingthemselveseverysingleday（他們都知道每天自學(xué)的重要性）可知，C項“許多成功人士每天都讀書”符合此處語境。故C選項正確?！?7題詳解】考查上下文及句意理解。根據(jù)上文Havingawell-writtenplancanreallybenefitthetasksyouhavesetfortheday.Itisreallydifficulttorememberallthethingsyouneedtodo.（有一個寫得很好的計劃真的可以幫助你完成一天的任務(wù)。記住所有需要做的事情真的很難）可知，E項“那么為什么不把它們都寫在日記里呢?”符合此處語境。故E選項正確。【18題詳解】考查上下文及句意理解。根據(jù)上文Spendtimewithfamily.Lifeisnotallaboutwork（花時間和家人在一起。生活不僅僅是工作。）可知，F(xiàn)項“成功的人知道如何為家人騰出時間”符合此處語境。故F選項正確?！?9題詳解】考查上下文及句意理解。根據(jù)上文Getaworkout.（得到一個鍛煉）可知，G項“勞累了一天之后，出去活動一下身體是很重要的”符合此處語境。故G選項正確。【20題詳解】考查上下文及句意理解。根據(jù)上文Ifyoulikegettingthingsdoneintheevening,thiscouldbethebesttimeofyourdaytoworkonsomeart.（如果你喜歡在晚上做事情，這可能是你一天中從事藝術(shù)工作的最佳時間）可知，A項“在晚上創(chuàng)作你的藝術(shù)”符合此處語境。故A選項正確?！军c睛】七選五題型主要考查上下文的理解與推斷，雖然文章整體難度一般低于閱讀理解，但是卻給很多同學(xué)造成了很大的心理障礙。七個選項中選五個，比四個選項中選一個，感覺干擾性更大，很大同學(xué)在做這個題目時，總有一種眼花繚亂、心煩氣躁的感覺，致使往往正確率不高。在這里提醒同學(xué)們，首先要克服心理障礙，同時要注意方式方法；其次，注意設(shè)空前后的句子，因為這些句子之間是順承和聯(lián)系的，所有一定要聯(lián)系和理解上下文的語境。例如第3小題，根據(jù)上文Spendtimewithfamily.Lifeisnotallaboutwork（花時間和家人在一起。生活不僅僅是工作。）可知，F(xiàn)項“成功的人知道如何為家人騰出時間”符合此處語境。其中原文中的Spendtimewithfamily.與F項中的maketimefortheirfamily相對應(yīng)。故F選項正確。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IgrewupinLakeland,Louisiana,oneof7children.Wealllivedonmyparents’farm.At12,Igota____21____,milkingcowstohelpsupportthefamily.Ididthistwiceadayatfiveinthemorningand____22____attwointheafternoon.OneSaturdaybeforedaylight,Iremember____23____tomyfatherandgrandfatherabouthavingtogoandmilkthosecows.Itwassotiring.“Youknow,toworkisa____24____,”saidmyfather,Ilookedatthosetwomenwho’dworkedharder,____25____Ihadbeentoldsomethingreallyimportant.Goingtocollegewasthen____26____forakidfromLakeland,Louisiana.Peopleinourareamainlylivedonfarming.“____27____somethingthatyoulikedoingtostudy,andyouwillalways____28____yourwork,”myfathertoldme.Buthealso____29____,“Evenhavingajobyouhateis_____30_____thannothavingajobatall.”Iwantedtobeafarmer,_____31_____Ijoinedamilitarytrainingprogramtohelppayforcollege.Andwhatstartedoutasanobligationtothe_____32_____becameawayoflifethatI_____33_____devotedtofor37years.Inthelate1980s,whenvisitingBangladesh,Isawawomanwithababyonherback,_____34_____brickswithahammer.IaskedaBangladeshmilitaryofficerwhytheyweren’tusingamachinetomakethework_____35_____.Hetoldmeamachinewouldputthatladyoutofwork.And_____36_____asthatwoman’sjobwas,itwasenoughtokeepasmallfamilyalive,which_____37_____meofmyfather’swords.AndIcameto_____38_____thatpeoplewithoutworkarenotfree.Theyare_____39_____ofcrime,poorhealth,andunhappiness.Peoplewithworkcanhaveahome,developasenseofprideand_____40_____thegoodofthecommunity.Idon’tthinkI’lleverquitworkingbecausewhenwecanwork,we’refreeandwe’reblessed.21.A.plan B.task C.job D.gift22.A.onceagain B.attimes C.aboveall D.foronce23A.announcing B.complaining C.commenting D.explaining24.A.surprise B.habit C.blessing D.challenge25.A.doubting B.wondering C.deciding D.feeling26.A.rare B.serious C.impossible D.comfortable27.A.Develop B.Compare C.Achieve D.Choose28.A.getdownto B.lookforwardto C.lookbackon D.putupwith29.A.predicted B.declared C.added D.argued30.A.funnier B.better C.simpler D.stranger31.A.and B.so C.or D.but32.A.army B.college C.family D.farm33.A.became B.seemed C.felt D.remained34A.breaking B.decorating C.making D.dividing35.A.less B.safe C.easier D.busier36.A.bad B.strange C.important D.different37.A.informed B.warned C.accused D.reminded38.A.imagine B.report C.believe D.show39.A.sources B.victims C.examples D.results40.A.leadto B.contributeto C.addto D.bringto【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B31.D32.A33.D34.A35.C36.A37.D38.C39.B40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者十二歲時得到一份給奶牛擠奶的工作。有一天作者向父親和祖父抱怨工作辛苦，但他們卻使作者意識到工作是福，艱苦的工作可以鍛煉人的意志，讓人學(xué)會自尊自愛，造福社會?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：12歲時，我找到了一份工作，擠牛奶養(yǎng)家。A.plan計劃；B.task任務(wù)；C.job工作；D.gift禮物。由下文的“milkingcowstohelpsupportthefamily”可知，作者得到了一份擠牛奶的工作。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：我每天擠牛奶兩次，早上五點做一次，下午兩點再做一次。A.onceagain再次；B.attimes有時；C.aboveall最重要的是；D.foronce就此一次。由上文的“Ididthistwiceaday”可知，作者每天擠牛奶兩次，早上五點擠一次，下午兩點再擠一次。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得有一個星期六，天還沒亮，我就向父親和祖父抱怨不得不去擠牛奶。A.announcing宣布；B.complaining抱怨；C.commenting評論；D.explaining解釋。由下文的“Itwassotiring.”可知，作者向祖父和爸爸說做擠奶工太累人了，這是在抱怨。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“你知道，工作是一種祝福，”我父親說，我看著那兩個工作更努力的人，感覺有人告訴我一些非常重要的事情。A.surprise驚訝；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.blessing祝福；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。由下文的“whenwecanwork,we’refreeandwe’reblessed(當(dāng)我們可以工作的時候，我們是自由的，我們是幸運的)”可知，爸爸告訴作者工作是一種福氣。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你知道，工作是一種祝福，”我父親說，我看著那兩個工作更努力的人，感覺有人告訴我一些非常重要的事情。A.doubting懷疑；B.wondering想知道；C.deciding決定；D.feeling感覺。由下文的“Ihadbeentoldsomethingreallyimportant”可知，聽了父親關(guān)于“工作是一種福氣”的話，作者感覺自己學(xué)到了非常重要的東西。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于一個來自路易斯安那州萊克蘭的孩子來說，上大學(xué)是很少見的。A.rare稀少的；B.serious嚴(yán)重的；C.impossible不可能的；D.comfortable舒服的。由下文的“Peopleinourareamainlylivedonfarming.(我們地區(qū)的人們主要以務(wù)農(nóng)為生)”可知，Lakeland的孩子很少有上大學(xué)的。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“選擇你喜歡做的事情來學(xué)習(xí)，你會永遠(yuǎn)期待你的工作，”我父親告訴我。A.Develop發(fā)展；B.Compare比較；C.Achieve實現(xiàn)；D.Choose選擇。由下文的“somethingthatyoulikedoingtostudy”可知，父親建議作者選擇自己喜歡的事情來學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“選擇你喜歡做的事情來學(xué)習(xí)，你會永遠(yuǎn)期待你的工作，”我父親告訴我。A.getdownto開始干；B.lookforwardto盼望；C.lookbackon回顧；D.putupwith忍受。由常識可知，學(xué)了自己喜歡的東西，你就會對工作有期待。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但他也補充道，“即使有一份你討厭的工作也比根本沒有工作好?！盇.predicted預(yù)測；B.declared宣布；C.added補充說；D.argued爭論。由下文的“Evenhavingajobyouhateis____10____thannothavingajobatall.”可知，該空后是作者父親補充說的話。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他也補充道，“即使有一份你討厭的工作也比根本沒有工作好?！盇.funnier更有趣的；B.better更好的；C.simpler更簡單的；D.stranger陌生人的。由上文的“toworkisa____4____(工作是一種福氣)”可知，父親認(rèn)為“工作是一種福氣”，所以父親認(rèn)為即使有一份你討厭的工作也比根本沒有工作好。故選B項?！?1題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我想成為一名農(nóng)民，但我參加了一個軍事訓(xùn)練項目，以幫助支付大學(xué)學(xué)費。A.and和；B.so因此；C.or或者；D.but但是。由本處語境可知，前后有轉(zhuǎn)折含義，用but。故選D項。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一開始是對軍隊的義務(wù)，后來成為了我37年來一直致力于的生活方式。A.army軍隊；B.college大學(xué)；C.family家庭；D.farm農(nóng)場。由上文的“Ijoinedamilitarytrainingprogram(我參加了一個軍事訓(xùn)練項目)”可知，作者進(jìn)入軍隊一開始是對軍隊的義務(wù)。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一開始是對軍隊的義務(wù)，后來成為了我37年來一直致力于的生活方式。A.became成為；B.seemed似乎；C.felt感覺；D.remained保持不變、仍然存在。由下文的“devotedtofor37years”可知，作者一直為軍隊服務(wù)。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：20世紀(jì)80年代末，在訪問孟加拉國時，我看到一位背著嬰兒的婦女用錘子打碎磚塊。A.breaking打碎；B.decorating裝飾；C.making制作；D.dividing分開。由下文的“brickswithahammer”可知，是用錘子打碎磚塊。故選A項。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我問一位孟加拉國軍官，為什么他們不使用機器來簡化工作。A.less更少的；B.safe安全的；C.easier更容易的；D.busier更忙的。由上文的“usingamachinetomakethework”和常識可知，機器能使工作更容易些。故選C項。【36題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管那個女人的工作很糟糕，但這足以維持一個小家庭的生存，這讓我想起了父親的話。A.bad糟糕的；B.strange奇怪的；C.important重要的；D.different不同的。由上文的“Isawawomanwithababyonherback,____14____brickswithahammer(我看到一位背著嬰兒的婦女用錘子打碎磚塊)”可知，這份工作不好。故選A項?！?7題詳