2021-2022學(xué)年上海市普陀區(qū)晉元高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

第1頁(yè)（共1頁(yè)）2021-2022學(xué)年上海市普陀區(qū)晉元高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷SectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．Youngprofessor'ssuccessanencouragingsignFengLei，withadoctorateincomputerscienceandengineeringfromtheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity，surprisedmanynetizensbylandingajobasadoctoralsupervisorattheChongqingUniversityattheyoungageof25.FengLeiistheyoungesttalent（1）（introduce）totheCollegeofComputerScience，anditisthefirsttimefortheuniversitytograntthepositionofprofessoranddoctoralsupervisortoafreshPhDgraduate.Formany，thetitleofprofessor（2）beearnedthroughatediousassessmentofpaper﹣publishing.teachingexperience，projectqualityevaluation﹣﹣allthosenearlycostadecade.Inthatsense，theUniversitydidfindthesuitablepersonbybreakingconventions.Inanera（3）post﹣90sandpost﹣95shavegraduallybecomethepillarsofcollegesanduniversities，（4）isindeedtheuniversity'srighttorecruitpeoplewithtalentandvirtue.Theroleofnationallaboratories，researchinstitutions，high﹣leveluniversitiesandleadingtechcompaniesmustbeamplifiedtodevelopalargenumberofleadingscholarsandinnovationteams（5）Chinaaimstorankamongtheworld'sbestasastrategicforceinscienceby2035.Thenationmustfocusthestrengthofitstalentpoliciesonyoungspecialistswhileenabling（6）totakemajorresponsibility，saidPresidentXiJinping，whocalledforgreateremphasis（7）（give）totrainingtalentandquickerstepstoestablish（8）peoplehavecometocallacompetitiveedgeinhumanresources.Itistimefortheyoungergenerationtofindhigherstandardsofidols（9）chasingpopstarswhoarecaughtdoingsomethingdiscreditable.Aren'tyoungscholarslikeFengLeiwho（10）（win）theheartsofallbytheirhardworkandperformanceworthadmiring？2．SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.complicatedB.concernC.disruptionsD.eventuallyE.frequentF.healingG.holdingH.reminderI.representativelyJ.vocalizingK.zeroSecretsarebadforyourhealthIgrewupinaMidwesterntownwherethepopularwisdomwastoonlytalkaboutwhatwaspleasantandtokeepsecrets，ifnecessary，tomakethathappen.Thismeantstayingsilentwhensomeoneoffendedyou，rarely（1）negativefeelingsandsmilingalittlemorethanisnecessary.Italsomeant（2）roomforairinganysortofdirtylaundry，especiallynotthekindsofpersonalsecretsthatkeeppeopleupatnight.Manyofusliketobelievethatsweepingunpleasanttruthsundertherugmightmakethem（3）goaway.Instead，keepingsecrets﹣﹣especiallyheavyones﹣﹣canspinanevenmore（4）webofisolationanddeception.Sowhydowedoit？Thetruthcanhurt.Butinmanysituations，itsbettertogetitoutandletthe（5）start，ratherthanallowingittobecomemoredangerous.Theburdenof（6）inthetruthdoesn'tjustdisappear.Ithidesitselfinthebackofyourmindandcancauseanumberof（7）toyourlifeandhealth."Ifthesituationsinyourdailylifeareregular（8）ofthesecret，andyoufinditstressfultokeepit，thenyes，itcanhaveemotionalandphysicalconsequences，saysDr.DeanMcKay."Somepeoplealsofindkeepingsecretsstressfuloutofageneral（9）thattheywill'slip'.This（10）andrecurringthoughtofthesecretcaninitselfbestressful."ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3．Almostallanimalssleep，butdotheydream？Wecertainlycan'taskanimalsiftheydream，butwecanatleast（1）theevidencethattheymight.Therearetwowaysinwhichscientistshavegoneaboutthisseemingly（2）task.Oneistolookattheirphysicalbehaviorduringthevariousstagesofthesleepcycle.Thesecondistoseewhethertheirsleepingbrainsworksimilarlytoourownsleepingbrains.Thestoryofhowwe（3）howtolookintothemindsofsleepinganimalsbeginsinthe1960s.Backthen，reportsbegantoappearinmedicaljournalsdescribingpeopleactingout（4）intheirdreams.Thiswascurious，becauseduringso﹣calledREMsleep（rapideyemovement），ourmusclesareusually﹣paralyzed（麻痹的）.Researchersrealizedthatcausingasimilarstatein（5）couldallowthemtoexplorehowtheydream.Inl965，F(xiàn)renchscientistsMichelJouvetandJFDelormefoundthatremovingapartofthebrainstem，calledthepons，fromacat'sbrain（6）itbecomingparalyzedwheninREM.Theresearcherscalledthecondition"REMwithoutatonia"orREM﹣A.Insteadoflyingstill，thecatswalkedaroundandbehavedaggressively.Thishintedtheyweredreamingof（7）fromtheirwakinghours.（8）movementisnottheonlywayoflookingintodreams，though.Researcherscannow（9）lookintotheelectricalandchemicalactivitiesofbraincellsinanimalswhiletheysleep.In2007，MITscientistsKenwayLouiseandMatthewWilsonrecordedtheactivityofneuronsinapartoftheratbraincalledthehippocampus，astructureknowntobeinvolvedintheformationandencodingofmemories.Theyfirstrecordedtheactivityofthosebraincellswhiletheratsranintheirmazes.Thentheylookedattheactivityoftheverysameneuronswhiletheyslept.LouiseandWilsondiscoveredsimilarpatternsoffiringduring（10）andduringREM.（11），itwasasiftheratswererunningthemazeintheirmindswhiletheyweresleeping.Theresultsweresoclearthattheresearcherscouldinfertherats'precise（12）withintheirmentaldreammazesandmapthemtoactualspotswithintheactualmaze.Doesthebehaviorofcatsinscienceexperimentsactually（13）dreaming？Doratshaveanysubjectiveawarenessthatthey'rerunningtheirmazesintheirmindswhiletheynap？Wecansaywithareasonableamountof（14）thatthephysiologicalandbehavioralfeaturesofdreaminginhumanshavenowbeenseenincats，rats，andotheranimals.Yetwhatit'sactuallyliketo（15）adreamifyou'renothumanremainsamystery.（1）A.foreseeB.coverC.strengthenD.observe（2）A.disconnectedB.endlessC.uncomfortableD.impossible（3）A.madeforB.tookoverC.workedoutD.turneddown（4）A.dialoguesB.idealsC.movementsD.meanings（5）A.animalsB.dreamsC.humansD.changes（6）A.appreciatedB.imaginedC.witnessedD.prevented（7）A.activitiesB.successesC.failuresD.disasters（8）A.PhysicalB.AccidentalC.IndependentD.Harmonious（9）A.randomlyB.unconsciouslyC.humanelyD.reluctantly（10）A.sleepingB.recordingC.runningD.studying（11）A.TosumupB.ForexampleC.BycomparisonD.Inotherwords（12）A.predictionB.locationC.natureD.moment（13）A.qualifyasB.accountforC.differfromD.relyon（14）A.specificationB.certaintyC.doubtD.memory（15）A.exploreB.experienceC.experimentD.explainSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.4．Along，longtimeago，Nyametheskygodhidallthestoriesinaboxhighinthesky.Nopersonoranimalhadanystorytotell，soeveryonewasverysad.Thenoneday，anoldspider，Anansi，madealongweballthewaytothesky.AnansiclimbedthewebtotheskyandaskedNyame，"CanIhavethestoriesplease？I'lldoanythingifyougiveusthestories."Nyamethoughtforamoment.Thenheanswered，"Fine.FirstIwillgiveyouatask.Bringmethreethings：asnake，aleopard，andbees.ThenIwillgiveyouthestories."NyamelaughedsoloudlythateveryoneonEarthcouldhearhim！AnansiclimbedslowlybacktoEarthandtoldhiswife，Aso，whathadhappened.Shelistenedcarefully.Thenshesaid，"Ihaveaplan."Laterthatday，AnansifollowedAso'splan.First，hefoundalongstick.Afterthat，hewentnearSnake'shomeandsaidloudly，"Thisisverylong，verylongindeed！"WhenShakeheardAnansitalking，hesaid，"Whatissolong？"Anansianswered，"I'msorry，Snake.Thisstickislongerthanyouare."Snakeansweredproudly."Itisnot！I'maverylongsnake!YouwillseethatIamlonger."Hemovednexttothestick.Then，AnansiquicklyusedhiswebtotieSnaketothestick.Immediately，AnansiclimbedbacktotheskyandgavethesnaketoNyange.BurNyameonlysaid，"Itoldyoutobringthreethings.Wherearetheothertwo？"ThenNyamelaughed，"Hahaha！"AnansisadlywentbacktoEarthwithnostories.Heaskedhiswife，"HowwillIeverobtainaleopard？"Again，Asohadaplan，andAnansifollowedit.First，hemadeaholeinthegroundandputsticksoveritsonoonecouldseethehole.Thenextday，AnansiwentbacktotheholeandLeopardhadfalleninside！Anansiusedhiswebtoquicklytiehimup.HetookLeopardtoNyame.Nyamelookedsurprisedthistime.Hesaid，"Youstillmustbringthebees！"Again，AnansiaskedAsoforhelp.Again，hefollowedherplan.Thenextdayhefoundatreewithbeesinit.Hequicklythrewwateronthetreeandonhimself.Thenhesaidtothebees，"Itisraining！Quick﹣﹣getinsidemygourd（葫蘆）.Itwillkeepyoudry."SothebeesfellforhistrickandallflewintoAnansi'sgourd.Withabigsmile，Anansiusedhiswebtoclosethegourd.sothebeescouldnotgetout.Finally，AnansitookthebeestoNyame.Nyamewasnotlaughinganymore.NyamekepthispromiseandgaveAnansiallofthestories.Verycarefully，AnansicarriedallthestoriesbackdowntoEarth.Andafterhetoldeachstory，hesaid，"Storiesarefortelling，notforkeepinginboxes."（1）ItwasSnake'sthatledhimtobeingcaughtbyAnansi.A.beingsympatheticB.beingcompetitiveC.beingcooperativeD.beinghelpful（2）Nyame'slaughterchangedinvolumeeachtimehemetAnansibecause.A.hefoundthatAnansiwasabetterstorytellerthanhewasB.hefeltsurprisedthatAsohelpedAnansiinsuchawayC.hesensedthathewouldhavetokeephispromiseD.hewasdisappointedthatAnansiwasnotsoeagerforstories（3）ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAso.A.hadagoodknowledgeoftheanimalsB.wasmoreanxiousforstoriesthanAnansiC.likedtotakechallengesD.knewwhereNyamehidthestories（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage？A.WhystoriesarefortellingnotforhidingB.HowAnansigavepeoplestoriesC.WhySnake，LeopardandBeesweretrickedD.HowAsocameupwiththeplans5．Whatinventionshavehadthegreatestimpactonthewaywelive？Mostpeoplewouldmentionthewheel，theprintingpress，theinternet，andsoor.Butpauseforamomentandconsiderthefollowingfourcontenders.StandardtimeTimehasalwaysexisted，but"standardtime'"hasn't.Imaginetheworldtodayifourclocksweren'tsynchronized.Inthe18thand19thcenturies，townsaroundtheworldusedtheirownlocaltime，whichwasdifferentfromtowntotown.Thismeantthatatraincouldarriveinonetownbeforeithadofficiallyleftthepreviousone！Timezonesacrosstheworldwereonlystandardizedatthebeginningofthe20thcentury，enablinginternationalairtravelandglobalbusinesstotakeplace.ThelightbulbWhentheelectriclightbulbfirstappearedinthe19thcentury，itcamewithawaningsigntobeplacedonthewallnexttothebulb："Donotattempttolightwithamatch".Now，perhapsmorethananyotherobjectinourlives，wetakeitforgranted.Lightbulbslightupourcitiesandroadsatnight，theyhaveledtomoreflexibleworkinghoursandtheyenableustodomuchmorewithourfreetime.Imagineyoureveningswithoutelectriclights！AlgorithmsAnalgorithmisdefinedas"thestepsthatyoufollowtosolveaproblemorreachananswer".Thefirstalgorithmsdatebackalmost4，000yearstotheBabylonians，buttheworditselfcomesfromthe9thcenturyPersianmathematician，Al﹣Khwarizmi.Algorithmsstartedtomakeabigimpactinthe20thcentury.TheyarecentraltohowcomputersprocessinformationandtheydecideeverythingfromthesearchresultsyouseewhenyouGoogleaword，tothetimeyouwaitattrafficlights.Infact，youcouldarguethatwearelivingintheageofthealgorithm.It'sashamesofewofusunderstandthem！ShippingcontainersFirstusedinthe1950s，shippingcontainersare，inmanyways，thesymbolofourtimes.Theyhavemadeglobalizationpossible.Beforeshippingcontainers，goodswereloadedandunloadedbyhand.Eachpackagehadtobecarriedontotheship，tieddownwithropesandthenuntiedandcarriedoutattheotherhand.Justunloadingasingleshipcouldtake20menaweek，makinggoodsfromabroadveryexpensive.Nowadays，threepeopleoperatingthreecranescanunloadashipinabouttenhours.Thelargestmodernshipsarefourfootballfieldslongandcancarryalmost15，000containers.Thishasmadeshippingcostslow，whichhasresultedincheapergoodsallovertheworldandhasaffectedallourlivesdramatically.（1）Theword"synchronized"（inparagraph2）isclosestinmeaningto"."A.madetoshowstandardizedtimeB.madetoadapttothelocaltimeC.madetoindicatethelocaltimeaccuratelyD.madetoensurethattrainsarriveontime（2）Ifwearetoputtheitemsfromearliesttolatestaccordingtowhentheyfirstappeared，thecorrectordershouldbe.A.thelightbulb，shippingcontainers，algorithms，standardtimeB.algorithms，thelightbulb，standardtime，shippingcontainersC.shippingcontainers，standardtime.thelightbulb，algorithmsD.standardtime，algorithms，shippingcontainers，thelightbulb（3）Whichofthefollowingitemsmakesitpossibleforustobuyimportedgoodsatalowprice？A.Standardtime.B.Thelightbulb.C.Algorithms.D.Shippingcontainers.6．Thephilosopher，MartinBuber，ismostknownforhisworkon"I﹣Thou/You"relationshipsinwhichpeopleareopen，direct，mutuallyinterestedineachother.Incontrast，"I﹣It"relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheother，likeanobject，tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.Itisnotourfaultthatmanyofourrelationshipsareorbecome"It"relationshipsbecausemostofwhatwefeel，thinkanddoismotivatedbyunconsciousmemoriesofhowtosurvivetheenvironment.Thus，oneofthereasonsweuseotherpeopletohelpusfeelbetteraboutourselvesandcopeintheworldisthatusingpeoplewasoncenecessaryanditworked.Whenweweresmallandhelpless，"It"cameand﹣fedus，andheldus，andsetusonourway.Wedidn'thavetoreciprocateandcarefor"It".Evenwhenthecareandattentionof"it"wasminimalorunpredictable，ifwegotoutofchildhoodalive，somewherealongtheway"it"wasinvolved.Whenweareveryyoung，otherpeoplearealways"it"swhomweusetofulfillourneeds.Freudcalledthisstageofearlylife"primarynarcissism"，whichisourinstinctforself﹣preservationandisanormalpartofourdevelopment.Whilemostofusgrowoutofit，westillholdasurvivalfear，whichmotivatesustoescapedangerandtostayalive，andweallneedthisfearinhealthymeasure.Theproblemisthattoomanyofus，toomuchofthetime，areinaconstantstateofthreat﹣﹣andweoftendon'tknowit.Weimaginepeoplearetalkingaboutusbehindourbacks，thatwehavecancer，thatweareinadequate，andvulnerabletomorethanourshareofbadluck.Asourbrainshavegrowninsizeandcomplexity，sohasourabilitytoscareourselves.Thiscausesmanyproblems.Forexample，ourstresslevelsincrease，ourdigestionisimpairedandourthinkingbecomesrestricted.Ourthreatresponsestopsanybodilyfunction，feeling，thoughtandbehaviorthatmight"waste"energyanddetractfromfightingorescapingdanger.Thus，wheninthreat，ouremotional，cognitiveandbehavioralrangeissignificantlyreduced.Andinthisreducedstate，oneofoursolutionsistofindsomeonewhocansaveandcomfortus.Insteadofenablingustobeopen，directandmutual，fearandanxietyleadustowardsconversationsandchoicesinourrelationswithothersthatareorientatedtowardssurviving﹣﹣notthriving.Threat﹣motivatedrelationshipsarecharacterizedbyneed，dependency，control，demand，dishonesty，andself﹣interest.Wecannotformthe"I﹣Thou"relationshipsthatBuberspeaksofuntilwehavelearnedtonotice，comfort，andunderstandtheemotionsandpatternsofourthreatbrain.Wheninthreat，wetendtouseotherpeopleasobjectswhocansaveandprotectus，orwhowecanblameforourproblems.（1）Whenapersonreciprocates，hetendsto.A.askforsomeadvice.B.returnthefavour.C.conveyanapology.D.makesomecomments.（2）Whatcanwelearnabout"primarynarcissism"？A.Itleadstoourfear.B.Itimpactsourgrowthnegatively.C.Itisnormalandusuallytemporary.D.ItlaysthefoundationforFreud'stheory.（3）Whichofthefollowingcouldbeanexampleof"it"relationships'？A.Comfortinganupsetfriend.B.Feelingsorryforyourmistakes.C.Askingotherstotakeonyourtask.D.Tryinghardtobeindependent.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage'？A.HowWeCanFormthe"I﹣Thou"RelationshipsB.HowWeCanGetOutofthe"I﹣It"RelationshipsC.WhatHelpsUsSurviveandThriveinEarlyStagesofLifeD.WhyWeTreatOthersasObjectsRatherThanIndividualsSectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7．A.Wasitbecauseofthewaythetwowereraised？B.Itistheenvironmentthatshapeshowgenesareexpressed.C.Theintimatebondsandactivitiesofparentalcareincreaseoxytocin.D.ThereasonwhyHelenandDanielrespondeddifferentlytothesituationabovecanbeexplainedinpartbygenetics.E.Ifscientificresearchhasidentifiedagenethatcaninfluenceourempathy，doesthatmeanHelenwasdrivenbygreed？F.Itisbestknownforitsroleinchildbirth，butrecentstudieshaverevealeditsimportanceintheregulationofsocialbehavior.Kindness：NatureorNurture？Itisatypicalsceneinapreschoolclassroom：DanielandHelenareeachhappilyplayingwiththeirowntoyswhenHelensuddenlyeyesDaniel'stoyandwantsit，andshewantsitNOW.DanielseesHelen'sdesireforhistoyandkindlyextendsittoher.Helensnatchesthetoy，declaring"Mine！"andrunsoffacrosstheclassroomtoshowoffhernewtoytoherotherfriends.Danieldoesnotmind.Inthisscene，Danieldisplaysprosocialbehavior，whichischaracterizedbyconcernforothersandanintentiontohelpthem.Helen，ontheotherhand，demonstratedselfishbehavior.（1）.Alternatively，wastheresomekindofgeneticfactorthatmadeDanielinherentlygenerousandHelennaturallygreedy？Asitturnsout，thedevelopmentofprosocialbehaviorisamatterofbothnatureandnurture.Natureandnurtureworktogetherconstantly.Oneofthewaysnatureandnurturearelinkedisthroughoxytocin，ahormonewithawidearrayoftargetsthroughoutthehumanbody.（2）.Inhumans，naturaloxytocinlevelsarerelatedtofeelingsofloveandtrustinintimaterelationshipsbothbetweenparentandchildandbetweenromanticpartners.Theyarealsoassociatedwithempathyandsubsequentgenerositytowardstrangers.Whenoxytocinisadministeredintra﹣nasallyinhumansubjects，researchersusuallyobserveanincreaseingenerosity，trust，eyegaze，andtheabilitytoinfertheemotionsofothers.（3）.WhilebothHelenandDanielhaveoxytocincirculatingintheirbodies，theymayhavedifferentformsofthereceptor（受體）specifictothishormone.Researchersstudyingthegenefortheoxytocinreceptorhaveidentifiedthreedifferentforms，calledpolymorphisms（多態(tài)性）：AA，AGandGG.PeoplewiththeGGpolymorphismtendtobeempatheticcomparedtothosewiththeAAorAGpolymorphism.However，geneticdifferenceisbetterdescribedasatendencytowardaparticulartypeofbehavior.（4）.Thisiswheretheinfluenceofparentingcomesin.Butwhatdoesthishavetodowithoxytocin？Whenparentsaregivenoxytocin，itleadstothereleaseofnaturaloxytocinintheirinfants.Affectionatetouchofandplaywiththeirchildrentriggeroxytocinreleaseinparents，activatingbraincircuitsdevotedtocaregiving.SummaryWriting8．Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Readtheworldin193booksIusedtothinkofmyselfasapersonlearnedinbooks，butmybookshelvestoldadifferentstory.ApartfromafewIndiannovelsandanAustralianbook，myliteraturecollectiononlyconsistedofBritishandAmericantitles.Worsestill，Ihardlyeverreadanythingintranslation.MyreadingislimitedtostoriesbyEnglish﹣speakingauthors.So，atthestartof2020，Isetmyselfthechallengeoftryingtoreadabookfromeverycountryofall193UN﹣recognizedstatesinayear.IcreatedablogcalledAYearofReadingtheWorldandputoutanappealforsuggestionsoftitlesthatIcouldreadinEnglish.Theresponsewasamazing.BeforeIknewit，peopleallovertheplanetweregettingintouchwithideasandoffersofhelp.Somepostedmebooksfromtheirhomecountries.Othersdidhoursofresearchonmybehalf.Inaddition，severalwriters，likeTurkmenistan'sAkWelsaparandPanama'sJuanDavidMorgan，sentmeunpublishedtranslationsoftheirnovels，givingmearareopportunitytoreadworksunavailableinBritain.Evenwithsuchanextraordinaryteambehindme，however，sourcingbookswasnoeasytask.Buttheeffortwasworthit.AsImademywaythroughtheplanet'sliterarylandscapes，extraordinarythingsstartedtohappen.Farfromsimplyarmchairtravelling，IfoundIwasinhabitingthementalspaceofthestorytellers.Idiscovered，bookpackingofferedsomethingthataphysicaltravelercouldhopetoexperienceonlyrarely：ittookmeinsidethethoughtsofindividualslivingfarawayandshowedmetheworldthroughtheireyes.Morepowerfulthanathousandnewsreports，thesestoriesnotonlyopenedmymindtobasicinformationoflifeinotherplaces，butopenedmyhearttothewaypeopletheremightfeel.Andthatinturnchangedmythinking.Onebyone，thebooksfromthecountriesonthelistthathadbegunasanintellectualexercisefilledmyheartwithlaughter，love，anger，hopeandfear.Landsthathadonceseemedexoticandremotebecamecloseandfamiliartome.Atitsbest，Ilearned，fictionmakestheworldreal.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．立即去售票處，就能早些預(yù)購(gòu)周末那場(chǎng)電影票。（and）10．你們要到問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重了才設(shè)法解決，這是不是太晚了？（not...until）11．飲用水問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)困擾著當(dāng)?shù)厝罕?，這也成為制約脫貧和發(fā)展的最大障礙。（access）12．一連數(shù)日，風(fēng)雪交加，那里九成以上的航班都飛不了，航空公司損失慘重，旅客們?cè)孤曒d道。（hold）GuidedWriting13．Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是啟明中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，你的美國(guó)朋友Ma從微信朋友圈了解到你參加當(dāng)?shù)夭┪镳^志愿者活動(dòng)，寫信向你了解情況。請(qǐng)給他回信。內(nèi)容包括：1.你為何參與博物館志愿者；2.志愿者活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容；3.你的收獲。

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市普陀區(qū)晉元高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷參考答案與試題解析SectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．Youngprofessor'ssuccessanencouragingsignFengLei，withadoctorateincomputerscienceandengineeringfromtheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity，surprisedmanynetizensbylandingajobasadoctoralsupervisorattheChongqingUniversityattheyoungageof25.FengLeiistheyoungesttalent（1）introduced（introduce）totheCollegeofComputerScience，anditisthefirsttimefortheuniversitytograntthepositionofprofessoranddoctoralsupervisortoafreshPhDgraduate.Formany，thetitleofprofessor（2）shouldbeearnedthroughatediousassessmentofpaper﹣publishing.teachingexperience，projectqualityevaluation﹣﹣allthosenearlycostadecade.Inthatsense，theUniversitydidfindthesuitablepersonbybreakingconventions.Inanera（3）whenpost﹣90sandpost﹣95shavegraduallybecomethepillarsofcollegesanduniversities，（4）itisindeedtheuniversity'srighttorecruitpeoplewithtalentandvirtue.Theroleofnationallaboratories，researchinstitutions，high﹣leveluniversitiesandleadingtechcompaniesmustbeamplifiedtodevelopalargenumberofleadingscholarsandinnovationteams（5）becauseChinaaimstorankamongtheworld'sbestasastrategicforceinscienceby2035.Thenationmustfocusthestrengthofitstalentpoliciesonyoungspecialistswhileenabling（6）themtotakemajorresponsibility，saidPresidentXiJinping，whocalledforgreateremphasis（7）tobegiven（give）totrainingtalentandquickerstepstoestablish（8）aspeoplehavecometocallacompetitiveedgeinhumanresources.Itistimefortheyoungergenerationtofindhigherstandardsofidols（9）insteadofchasingpopstarswhoarecaughtdoingsomethingdiscreditable.Aren'tyoungscholarslikeFengLeiwho（10）havewon（win）theheartsofallbytheirhardworkandperformanceworthadmiring？【分析】本文為新聞報(bào)道，主要講述馮雷是計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院引進(jìn)的最年輕的人才，號(hào)召國(guó)家必須將其人才政策的力量集中在年輕的專家身上，使他們能夠承擔(dān)重大責(zé)任?！窘獯稹浚?）introduced.考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：馮雷是計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院引進(jìn)的最年輕的人才，也是該校首次授予博士生教授和博士生導(dǎo)師的職位。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，talent與introduce之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，故填introduced。（2）should.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，教授的頭銜應(yīng)該通過(guò)對(duì)論文出版、教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量評(píng)估等繁瑣的評(píng)估來(lái)獲得﹣﹣所有這些幾乎要花費(fèi)十年的時(shí)間。should表示"應(yīng)該"符合句意，故填should。（3）when.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在90后和95后逐漸成為高校支柱的時(shí)代，大學(xué)確實(shí)有權(quán)招聘人才和德行。分析句子可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為era，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。（4）it.考查形式主語(yǔ)。句意：在90后和95后逐漸成為高校支柱的時(shí)代，大學(xué)確實(shí)有權(quán)招聘人才和德行。分析句子可知，此處用it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句，故填it。（5）because.考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：必須擴(kuò)大國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室、研究機(jī)構(gòu)、高水平大學(xué)和領(lǐng)先科技公司的作用，以培養(yǎng)大批領(lǐng)先的學(xué)者和創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的目標(biāo)是到2035年成為世界上最優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)戰(zhàn)略力量。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示"因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，故填because。（6）them.考查代詞。句意：習(xí)近平主席說(shuō)，國(guó)家必須將其人才政策的力量集中在年輕的專家身上，使他們能夠承擔(dān)重大責(zé)任。他們呼吁人們更加重視培訓(xùn)人才，并加快建立人力資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的步伐。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指代前文提到的youngspecialists，且在句中作enabling的賓語(yǔ)，故填them。（7）tobegiven.考查動(dòng)詞不定式及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：習(xí)近平主席說(shuō)，國(guó)家必須將其人才政策的力量集中在年輕的專家身上，使他們能夠承擔(dān)重大責(zé)任。他們呼吁人們更加重視培訓(xùn)人才，并加快建立人力資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的步伐。callfor...todo表示"號(hào)召...來(lái)做某事"，其中g(shù)reateremphasis與give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，故填tobegiven。（8）as.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：習(xí)近平主席說(shuō)，國(guó)家必須將其人才政策的力量集中在年輕的專家身上，使他們能夠承擔(dān)重大責(zé)任。他們呼吁人們更加重視培訓(xùn)人才，并加快建立人力資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的步伐。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示"隨著"，故填as。（9）insteadof.考查固定搭配。句意：現(xiàn)在是年輕一代尋找更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偶像的時(shí)候了，而不是追逐那些被發(fā)現(xiàn)做了不光彩的事情的流行歌星。insteadof表示"而不是"符合句意，故填insteadof。（10）havewon.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：像馮雷這樣的青年學(xué)者，他們的努力和表現(xiàn)贏得了所有人的心，難道不值得欽佩嗎？結(jié)合句意可知，此處動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填havewon?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】語(yǔ)法填空考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合知識(shí)的運(yùn)用，做題時(shí)要首先明確短文大意，從詞語(yǔ)搭配，固定句型，語(yǔ)法，時(shí)態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境找出正確答案。2．SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinth