【河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考】語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記

2022屆河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(01)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞之不定式知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一共三種

1不定式

.原形不定式

?todo

2分詞

.現(xiàn)在分詞

?過(guò)去分詞

3動(dòng)名詞

不定式

不定式的功能(todo)

1當(dāng)名詞

2當(dāng)形容詞

Ihavesomethingtodo.

3當(dāng)副詞

?Icametoseeher.

名詞不定式的用法

1作主語(yǔ)，表示意愿或者未完成的事，可用it替代

Iknowwhatitistobeindebt.

2作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

Iwanttoseehim.

?thinkof+n想到

?anticipatedoingsomething期待做某事

?名詞不定式不可以直接作不及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，要用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替

3作表語(yǔ)

有do無(wú)to原則

Allyouhavetodo/AllIcando/Whatyoushoulddo/AllIdid

yesterdayisdosomething

形容詞不定式的用法

1后位修飾

2可等于關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

Ihavenofriendtoadviseme.=Ihavenofriendwhocanadviseme.

3可等于關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

Therearemanysightstoseehere.=Therearemanysightswhichwecanseehere.

被修飾的名詞一定要作不定式短語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)，否則就要作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

Givemeachairtositin.

be動(dòng)詞之后的形容詞不定式有下列意義

?主動(dòng)的

表將來(lái)Heistocometomorrow.

表義務(wù)=should

Youaretodoit.

?被動(dòng)的

表當(dāng)然=should

Suchalazymanistobefired.

表可能=can

Myhatwasnowheretobefound.

副詞不定式的用法

?修飾動(dòng)詞，置于動(dòng)詞之后

Hehasagreedtodoit.

?修飾形容詞，置于形容詞之后

Heisapttolie.

他爰說(shuō)謊。

?修飾副詞，置于副詞之后

Heisoldenoughtogoswimmingalone.

Heistoooldtoswim.

不定式若出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)之前，一定具有形容詞功能來(lái)修飾這個(gè)主語(yǔ)

所以該不定式所表示的動(dòng)作必須是它所修飾的主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作

Topleaseher,asongwassung.錯(cuò)誤

Hesangasongto/soastopleaseher.

Hesangasongwithaneyeto/withaviewtopleasingher.

獨(dú)立不定式

用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，不必考慮主語(yǔ)是人是物，有時(shí)作插入語(yǔ)

Totellthetruth

?Tobefrankwithyou

?Todohimjustice,hehasdonehisbest.平心而論，他已經(jīng)盡力了。

?Tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是

?Heisnice,tobesure,butIdon'tlikehim.

?Heis,sotospeak,arascal.可以這么說(shuō)，使用時(shí)一定插入在be動(dòng)詞和名詞之間

疑問(wèn)詞+不定式=名詞短語(yǔ)

?wheretogo

?whentodoit

?howtoswim

?whattodo

?whichtobuy

?whomtosee

wherewhenhow疑問(wèn)副詞不作不定式的賓語(yǔ)

whatwhichwhom疑問(wèn)代詞作不定式中的賓語(yǔ)

Iamatalossastohowtodoit.（asto通常省略）

that從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式

Itseems/appears/happened/chancedthat簡(jiǎn)化為：

Heseemsto/appearsto

Ihappenedto/chancedto

Itissaid/reported/rumored/known/thought/believedthat簡(jiǎn)化為：

Heissaid/reported/rumored/known/thought/believedtodo

如何變化

?時(shí)態(tài)相同，to之后加原形動(dòng)詞

Itwassaidthathelovedmusicverymuch.

Hewassaidtolovemusicveiymuch.

?時(shí)態(tài)不同,to后面加havedone

Itissaidthathewasathuginthepast.

Heissaidtohavebeenathuginthepast.

thug流氓

seemappear之后的tobe可以省略

prove

及物動(dòng)詞，證明

不及物動(dòng)詞，顯示，竟然是tobe+n/adj

Whathesaidprovedtobetrue.

prove/turnout后面的todo可以省略

owishforsth/hopeforsth注意要加介詞for

oallowdoingsth

opermitdoingsth

表意愿的動(dòng)詞如用一般過(guò)去時(shí)+tohavedone=wouldhavedone

表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，本來(lái)想…

expected/wanted/intended/hopedtohavedone=wouldhavedone=hadexpected/had

intendedtodo

was/weretohavedone=shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做

不定式作主語(yǔ)，若最后一個(gè)詞是賓語(yǔ)，該賓語(yǔ)可以移到句首作主語(yǔ)

Topleasemyfatherishard.

myfatherishardtoplease.

不定式的省略

為避免重復(fù)，不定式可省略，但保留to

Wouldyouliketogodancingwithme?

Yes,Tdbegladto.

不定式可形成感嘆句

Tothinkthatsuchalazyboyshouldhavepassedtheexam!

想想看這樣一個(gè)懶小子居然會(huì)考及格！

Iwaswatchingtheswallowsflytoandfro.

toandfro來(lái)回地

?makesbdosth

?sbismadetodosth

donothingbutdosth

choose/expect/want/desirenothingbuttodo

beinterestedin/enjoyn躲蝴8/停

cannotbutdosth=cann?pbutdosth

2022屆河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(02)分詞知識(shí)

點(diǎn)概要

分詞

分詞作形容詞

可置于名詞之前，修飾該名詞；亦可置于be動(dòng)詞之后，作表語(yǔ)

aconfusingquestion

Theteacherwasconfused.

如何判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞？

1表主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)

?表示令人…的，用現(xiàn)在分詞

?表示感到…的或受到…的，用過(guò)去分詞

Theboywascharmedwiththegirl'selegance.

2表進(jìn)行完成概念

?表示正在/即將.??的，用現(xiàn)在分詞

?已經(jīng)…的，用過(guò)去分詞

Theageingfatherfoundithardtodothework.年華正在老去的

Heisaged,buthestaysyoungatheart.已經(jīng)上年紀(jì)的

Wearesoldoutofthisbook.=Wehavesoldoutofthisbook.

Iamallsetfortheexam.

分詞作表語(yǔ)

be動(dòng)詞之后的表語(yǔ)

并非所有分詞均可當(dāng)形容詞用，有些視為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

Hewaskillingthetermites./'t3tmait/

?termite白蟻

及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

Iwantitdonerightaway.

不可作形容詞的分詞如何作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)？

1先檢查原來(lái)動(dòng)詞為及物還是不及物

我他

他被我

把動(dòng)詞放入空格，意思合乎邏輯就是及物動(dòng)詞，否則就是不及物動(dòng)詞

2如果是及物動(dòng)詞，作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)有兩種分詞形態(tài)

?現(xiàn)在分詞+賓語(yǔ)

?過(guò)去分詞

Ifoundhimkillingcockroaches.

Ifoundthecockroacheskilled.

3若為不及物動(dòng)詞，一律變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞

Ifoundhimtrembling.

With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補(bǔ)

形成方式與及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓補(bǔ)一樣

該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)也可以用介詞短語(yǔ)

Hetalkedtomewithapipeinhismouth.

還可以省略with和冠詞

Hecamehereguninhand.

Hetalkedtomepipeinmouth.

the+作形容詞用的分詞，可當(dāng)作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞使用

Theunexpectedhashappened.

thewounded傷者

分詞可以作副詞

有些現(xiàn)在分詞可以修飾形容詞，等于very

It'sfreezing/bitingcoldtoday.

Theteaisboilinghot.

Hewashoppingmadonhearinghisdismissal.

Wearehavingarippinggoodtime.

過(guò)去分詞也可以作副詞

Anestimated54peoplewerekilledintheaircrash.

AgreatmanystudentsaremoreandmoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.

少數(shù)形容詞也有副詞功能

Heisdeadwrong.

It'sawfulhottoday.

Theanswerisdoubtless/doubtlessly/withoutdoubt/undoubtedlycorrect.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞變化

一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在，彼此一定要有連接詞相連，沒(méi)有的話：

若兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞要變成現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是

be動(dòng)詞，變成being之后要省略

?Heleftyoungandcamebackold.

?Hediedanobody.

?Wearebornequal.

若兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞并非同時(shí)發(fā)生，而是有先后順序，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成todo

?Hecameheretoseeme.

若兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有逗號(hào)相隔，而無(wú)連接時(shí)，就不必考慮先后順序，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞

一定要變成現(xiàn)在分詞

?Helefthomeatsixinthemorning,arrivinghereaboutfourinthe

afternoon.

?Heranawayquickly,lookingasifsomethingterriblehadhappened.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)單句簡(jiǎn)化法

兩句在一起，若無(wú)連接詞相連時(shí)，往往第一個(gè)句子要化簡(jiǎn)，變成分詞短語(yǔ)。

規(guī)則：

兩句的主語(yǔ)相同，被化簡(jiǎn)的句子主語(yǔ)要?jiǎng)h除，主語(yǔ)不同則保留

之后的動(dòng)詞要變成現(xiàn)在分詞

若該動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞，變成being之后，可予以省略，但也可以不省略,以

強(qiáng)調(diào)因?yàn)?.?的意思

?Beingsickofstudying,heranawayfromhome.

?Thesunsetting,thecowboysrodebacktotheranch.

句中有主動(dòng)詞dodoesdid的時(shí)候，可直接刪除

?Hedidn'tintendtoseeher,heleftearly.

?Notintendingtoseeher,heleftearly.

句中有完成時(shí)助動(dòng)詞havehashad,要視為動(dòng)詞而變成現(xiàn)在分詞having

Nothavingseenherforages,Imissher.

主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)形成的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

?Thisbeingthecase,you'dbetterbecareful.

?Wewillgopicnickingtomorrow,weatherpermitting./ifweatherr

permits.

關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句可化簡(jiǎn)為分詞短語(yǔ)

ThemanwhoistalkingtoMaryoverthereismyfather.

?刪除關(guān)系代詞

.其后動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

?若是being,可予以省略

ThatmantalkingtoMaryoverthereismyfather.

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般不可化簡(jiǎn)為分詞短語(yǔ)

不過(guò)定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)為關(guān)系代詞+be+名詞時(shí)，仍可化簡(jiǎn)形成同位語(yǔ)

John,whoisagoodfriendofmine,studiedhard.

John,agoodfriendofmine,studiedhard.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)狀語(yǔ)從句化簡(jiǎn)法

oncewhenwhileifunlessthough所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，若主從句主語(yǔ)相同，

亦可化簡(jiǎn)為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，方法與單句簡(jiǎn)化法一樣

?Iffree,rilgowithyou.

?Unlessotherwiseinstructed,youshoulddoasIsaid.

?Whilehere,Ihadagoodtime.

其中onceifunless所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句多限于主語(yǔ)+be+分詞/形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，

whenwhilethough則不受限制

Oncehavingmoney,Tilbuyacar.錯(cuò)誤

表示身體組織的名詞可變成過(guò)去分詞當(dāng)形容詞

Ilovethebig-eyedgirl.

Doyouseethered-hairedgirlthere.

Theone-leggedsoldierwasahero.

abroken-heartedman

abare-footedboy

abalck-skinnedguy

atwo-headedsnake

少數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)介詞使用

including

excluding

considering

regarding

concerning=about/on

Everyonelikesthemovie,excludingJohn./Johnexcluded./exclusiveof

John.

Consideringhisperformance,hecanbeagoodteacher.=Hisperformance

considered,hecanbe

2022屆河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(03)感嘆句和

動(dòng)名詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

感嘆句

感嘆句均由How/What引導(dǎo)

1What+名詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞

what為形容詞,多么的，后面一定要加名詞

?先將what放在句首

?再將含有名詞作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、或作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的句子放在后面

Whathehasabeautifulcar.

Whatheisagreatman.

Whatyouhavemadehimagoodboy.

?再將此賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)放在what之后，句尾變成感嘆號(hào)

Whatabeautifulcarhehas!

Whatagreatmanheis!

Whatagoodboyyouhavemadehim!

2How+adj/adv+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞

how在這里是副詞，譯為多么地，后面一定要加形容詞或副詞

?將How放在句首

?在how之后造一個(gè)含有形容詞或副詞的句子

Howheisgreat.

Howhestudiedhard.

.再將形容詞副詞放在how之后

Howgreatheis!

Howhardhestudied!

How后面還可以帶有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，但絕不可以接復(fù)數(shù)名

詞或者不可數(shù)名詞

How+adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞

?Howgreatamanheis!

?Whatagreatmanheis.

What可與單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞連用

?Whatgreatmentheyare!

?Whatgoodmusicitis!

但是how之后可以接manymuchlittlefew數(shù)量形容詞，再接復(fù)數(shù)或不可

數(shù)名詞

?Howmanystudentsthereareintheclassroom!

?Howfewfriendshehas!

?Howlittletimeisleft!

?Howmuchmoneyhehasmade!

動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)

此時(shí)可被形式主語(yǔ)讓代替，將動(dòng)名詞移至句尾，改成不定式

?Itgivesmegreatpleasuretohelpothers.

在Itisnouse結(jié)構(gòu)中，真正主語(yǔ)仍為動(dòng)名詞

?Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。

?Itisnousereasoningwithsuchastubbornman.

?Itisofnouse/uselesstoreasonwithsuchastubbornman.

?Thereisnouse/nosense/nopointinreasoningwithsuchastubbornman.和

這樣固執(zhí)的人講理是沒(méi)用的。

動(dòng)名詞作be動(dòng)詞后面的表語(yǔ)

Seeingisbelieving.

動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

?Hedetestsgambling他憎恨賭博。

?contemplatedoingsth

?fancydoingsth

?recommenddoingsth

?anticipatedoingsth=expecttososth

?stopdoingsth=quit/ceasedoingsth=ceasetodosth

?forbidsbtodosth

?forbiddoingsth

下列動(dòng)詞可用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意思不變

likedislikelovehatecontinuebeginstart

動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)

?Nonewouldhavedreamedoftherebeingsuchaplace.做夢(mèng)也沒(méi)人想到會(huì)

有這樣一個(gè)地方。

?beworthdoing/n

?beworthyofn

?Itisworthwhiletoreadthatbook.

?Itpaystoreadthatbook.

?aworthwhilebook一本值得看的書(shū)

所有格與動(dòng)名詞的關(guān)系

Histeachingwellissomethingthatpleasesme.

Hisnotfinishingtheworkontimedisappointedme.

TheirhavinghelpedJohnwiththeworkwonourgreatadministration.

表示喜歡、厭惡、在乎之意的及物動(dòng)詞，如like、dislike、enjoy、mind

等就不可接that從句作賓語(yǔ)

補(bǔ)救方法，將that改為所有格+動(dòng)名詞

?Idon'tlikehissmokinghere.

?Idon'tenjoyJohn'sjoiningus.

?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?

=WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?

that從句亦不可直接作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

?Iamcuriousabouthisstayinguplateeverynight.

?Inspiteofmyhelpinghim,hefailed.

若that從句中的主語(yǔ)是物而不是人，就不用所有格，直接將主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ),

之后接現(xiàn)在分詞

Inspiteofthesunshining,theairwasverycold.

在口語(yǔ)中，that從句的主語(yǔ)即使是人，也可以采用此結(jié)構(gòu)

?Iinsistedonhisgoingthere.

?Iinsistedhimgoingthere.

?Whatistheuseofhishelpingus?

?Whatistheuseofhimhelpingus?

動(dòng)名詞與作形容詞用的現(xiàn)在分詞均可以放在名詞前面，如何分辨

呢？

動(dòng)名詞+名詞后者有前者的功能，動(dòng)名詞有“用來(lái)…”的意思

?awalkingstick

?asleepingcar

?adiningroom用來(lái)吃飯的房間，餐廳

若現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞，后者有前者的性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在分詞有“正在…”或“會(huì)…”

之意

?awalkingdictionary

?asleepingbaby

?abarkingdog

?Writinglettersisatryingjobforme.

?Thewritingoflettersisatryingjobforme.

?Asanoldsayinggoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.M

?Don'tforgettotakeyourbelongingswithyou.belonging恒用復(fù)數(shù)

?Thereisnodoing=Itisimpossibletodo

?Itisnousedoing=Itisofnousetodo

?cannothelp/resist/refrainfrom/stopdoingsth=cannotbutdo=cannothelpbut

do

?Hehadnosoonerhearditthanhecried.

?Hehadhardlyhearditwhenhecried.

?Hehadscarcelyhearditwhenhetried.

?Nosoonerhadhehearditthanhecried.

?Hardlyhadhehearditwhenhecried.

?Scarcelyhadheheard葡喊端日'金圈

明詢和迎附加(糊湎曲帆?

2022屆河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(04)可作主語(yǔ)

的詞類與動(dòng)詞種類及其用法知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

可作主語(yǔ)的詞類

任何一個(gè)句子一定由主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞形成。

有時(shí)候主語(yǔ)可以省略，形成祈使句。祈使句之前省略了Youshould

祈使句的否定，在原形動(dòng)詞前面加Don"

Don'tfoolaround.別游手好閑。

名詞作主語(yǔ)

代詞作主語(yǔ)

動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)

動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常已知事實(shí)或曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示意愿、目的或未完成的事

?Thereisnouse/sense/pointindoingsth

名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)

名詞性從句有三種

?that從句

?whether從句，由一般疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)

?疑問(wèn)詞從句，由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)

whowhatwhich為疑問(wèn)代詞，若在句中作主語(yǔ)，變成名詞性從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)不變

?Whocamehere?

?Whathappenedlastnight?

?Whichwasbought?

名詞性從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，僅能用whether從句或疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從

句，that從句不可以

?Iamcuriousabouthowhewillcopewiththeproblem.

下列結(jié)構(gòu)是可以的

介詞+thefact+that從句

Iamsureofthefactthattheteamhaswonthegame.

或者除去that,再把that后面的主語(yǔ)變成所有格，動(dòng)詞變成動(dòng)名詞

Iamworriedabouthisplayingaroundallday.

若從句有may,can,則分別變?yōu)閎elikelyto/beableto

Iamhappyaboutthathemaycome.錯(cuò)誤

?Iamhappyabouthisbeinglikelytocome.

?Iamsureofhisbeingabletodoit.

be+adj+that從句

去掉介詞，將that從句放在形容詞后面

?Iamworriedthatheplaysaroundallday.

?Iamsurethattheteamhaswonthegame.

?inthat=because

Heistalentedinthathecanspeakfivedifferentlanguages.

?Heisniceexceptthatsometimeshelies.

?notwithstandingthat盡管=despitethefactthat/inspiteofthefactthat

Notwithstandingthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

Despitethefactthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

Inspiteofthefactthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，即疑問(wèn)詞+不定式短語(yǔ)

?wheretolive

?whethertotryagain

?whentotalktohim

?howtodoit

?whattodo

?whomtosee

?whichtobuy

?whomtotalkto

疑問(wèn)代詞what,whom,which要作不定式短語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)

Howtohandletheproblemdependsonhowmuchmoneywecancollect.

表距離的地方副詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)

from+地方名詞+to+地方名詞

FromShanghaitoBeijingisabout100kilometers.

Itisabout1000kilometersfromShanghaitoBeijing.

動(dòng)詞種類及其用法

動(dòng)詞分為五大類

?完全不及物動(dòng)詞

?不完全不及物動(dòng)詞

?完全及物動(dòng)詞

?不完全及物動(dòng)詞

.授予動(dòng)詞

怎么判斷動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物？

.我_______它

?它被我住語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)可任意變換）

.把動(dòng)詞放到空格當(dāng)中，翻成中文，沒(méi)毛病就是及物動(dòng)詞，否則為不及物動(dòng)詞

有些不及物動(dòng)詞可變成及物動(dòng)詞，用同系名詞作賓語(yǔ)

?dreamaterribledream

?liveahappylife

?smileabrightsmile

?laughaheartylaugh

?sighadeepsigh

?sleepasoundsleep

完全及物動(dòng)詞

加了賓語(yǔ)以后意思才很完全的動(dòng)詞

Hekilledher.

完全不及物動(dòng)詞

不加賓語(yǔ)意思就很完全的動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

Helaughed.

不完全不及物動(dòng)詞

?be動(dòng)詞

后面可以加地方副詞

Sheisthere.

Theyareupstairs.

Ishehomenow?

?become

?turn后面所用的形容詞多與顏色情緒有關(guān)

Hisfaceturnedpalewhenheheardthenews.

HisfaceturnedredwithangerwhenhesawMary.

turn還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)，通常與名詞連用，形成復(fù)合詞，作形容詞用

Mr.Johnsonisasoldier-turnedfarmer.

約翰遜先生是個(gè)軍人轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)的農(nóng)夫。

?get通常接表示生氣或激動(dòng)的形容詞作表語(yǔ)

Hegotmad.

?seem=appear之后用不定式作表語(yǔ)

Heseemtobehappy.

tobe可以省略

Heseemshappy.

Heseemsaniceman.

?感官動(dòng)詞looksoundsmelltastefeel

感官動(dòng)詞后面不可用名詞作表語(yǔ)，若要用名詞，前面要加like

Itsoundslikeagoodidea,

Thatmaterialfeelslikesilk.

lookinto=investigate

lookover=examine

不完全不及物動(dòng)詞重要相關(guān)短語(yǔ)

fallill生病

Provisionsranshort.糧食不足了。

Idon'tknowhowhecametobesopopular.

cametobe=graduallybecame

Thedocumentprovedtobeaforgery.

完全及物動(dòng)詞

?recommenddoingsth

?resentdoingsth

?resistdoingsth

Icouldn'tresisthavingsomemoreicecream.

?ceasedoingsth=ceasetodosth

?continuedoingsth=continuetodosth

?startdoingsth=starttodosth

?begindoingsth=begintodosth

?love/like/hatedoingsth=love/like/hatetodosth

whether從句作及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，whether也可以被if取代

Idon'tknowifthetyphoonwillcome.

但是whether從句作主語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、be動(dòng)詞之后的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可以用if取代

Itisnotyetknownifhecango.

不完全及物動(dòng)詞

?havesbdosth

?getsbtodosth

Hewasmadetowashthecar.

have和get沒(méi)有被動(dòng)用法

let+賓語(yǔ)+作副詞用的介詞inoutdown

Heletmein.

Hisperformanceletmedown.

上述介詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，可單獨(dú)存在作副詞用，稱為介副詞

地方副詞：thereherehomedowntown

Heisdowntown.

let后面只能用介副詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，不可以用地方副詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

push/seduce/enticesbtodosth

知覺(jué)動(dòng)詞

?看seeobservewatchlookatnotice

?聽(tīng)hearlistento

?感覺(jué)feel

Isawhimdoit.

Hewasseentodoit.

Isawhimdancing.

Hewasseendancing.

Isawthedogrunoverbyacar.

Thedogwasseenrunoverbyacar.

Thecolonelassignedhimplatoonleader.上校才旨派他為抖E長(zhǎng)。

視…為

regard/lookupon/thinkof7see/viewsbas...

consider/deem/thinksbtobe

tobe可以省略

Weconsiderhimagenius.

Wedeemhimnice.

該類動(dòng)詞和as或者for連用的時(shí)候，可直接接形容詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

Iregardhisbehaviorasinappropriate.

Johnworkshard,soItakeitforgrantedthathewillbesuccessfulsomeday.

thinkbelievefinddeemconsider等五個(gè)動(dòng)詞作不完全及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能直接用

不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，一定要用形式賓語(yǔ)it取代

Ideemitanhonortogivethisspeech.

Theysethimfree.

Thesightstruckhimdumb.

Thebabycrieditselftosleep.

Hisassistancewillrendersuccesscertain.render=make

授予動(dòng)詞

間接賓語(yǔ)與直接賓語(yǔ)位置顛倒時(shí)，需要另外加介詞tofor或者of

Igavethebooktohim.

IteachEnglishtothem.

Imadeachairforhim.

Iaskedaquestionofhim.

Ididn'texpectmuchofhim.

Herequirednothingofme.

Hedemandlittleofme.

□

Ididn'texpecthimmuch.

Herequiredmenothing.

Hedemandedmelittle.

Herobbedmeofmymoney.

Iwasrobbedofmymoney.

Thecourtdeprivedhimofallhiscivilrights.

Hewasdeprived/strippedofallhiscivilrights.

□

Mymoneywasrobbed.

Allhiscivilrightsweredeprived.

Thecaptainrelievedtheplatoonleaderofhiscommand.

連長(zhǎng)解除了排長(zhǎng)的指揮權(quán)。

Icannotridmyselfofthepainfulmemory.

Iamgladtoberidofthosechores.

Youshouldbreak/ridyourselfofthebadhabitsofsmoking.

Youshouldbreakthebadhabitsofsmoking.

Thedoctorcuredhimofhisdisease.

Thedoctorcuredhisdisease.

provide/supply/furnishsbwithsth

offersthtosb

providesthforsb

presentsthtosb

explainsthtosb

explaintosbsth

introduceAtoB

introducetoBA

recommend/express/propose都是這種用法

2022屆河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(05)五大句型+

反意疑問(wèn)句+代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

英文五大句型

?主語(yǔ)+完全不及物動(dòng)詞

Hewenttothestation.

?主系表

?主謂賓

.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)

.主謂+雙賓

否定祈使句有兩種

?Dont起首

?Never起首，此時(shí)不必加Do,沒(méi)有Donever的用法

不論問(wèn)句以否定或肯定形態(tài)起首，在回答時(shí)候，只要認(rèn)為肯定，就用Yes,若

為否定，則用No回答

?Isn'thehappy?他難道不快樂(lè)嗎？

No,heisn't.是的，他不快樂(lè)。

反意疑問(wèn)句

前否后肯，前肯后否

Youhavedoneit,haven'tyou?

Hehasmoney,doesn'the?

祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句一律用willyou

?Stopsmoking,willyou?

Lefs…的反意疑問(wèn)句一律用shallwe

?Let'snotdoit,shallwe?

但是

Letus/them/him/Johngo,willyou?

句中有否定副詞scarcely,hardly,rarely,nodoubt,little,never,bynomeans,

要接肯定反問(wèn)句

?Hescarcelyeversmokes,doeshe?

?Heisnodoubtagoodboy,ishe?

句中有助動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)wouldrather,hadbetter等，反意疑問(wèn)句用其中第一個(gè)詞

?Youwouldrathergo,wouldn'tyou?

?Youhadbetterdoit,hadn'tyou?

若助詞短語(yǔ)為oughtto,反意疑問(wèn)句中須用shouldn't

?Heoughttocome,shouldn'the?

Heisbad,ishenot?

Heleft,didhenot?

反意疑問(wèn)句一定要用人稱代詞，但句首為T(mén)hereis/are/was/were等時(shí)，必須

用there

?Johnisfine,isn'the?

?Thisisnotgood,isit?

?Thesearenotgood,arethose?

?Thatisgood,isn'tit?

?Thosearegood,aren'tthey?

?Thereisamanthere,isn'tthere?

主語(yǔ)若為第一人稱單數(shù)I表示意見(jiàn)或觀點(diǎn)，不能對(duì)自己反問(wèn)，應(yīng)以其后的that

從句形成反問(wèn)

?IthinkthatDavidisnice,isn'the?

?Ibelievethatwe'vemetbefore,haven?twe?

?IguessthatHelenwillcome,won'tshe?

若主語(yǔ)為I以外的主語(yǔ)，則反問(wèn)句仍以主句為依據(jù)形成反問(wèn)句

?Wethinkthatthenewteacherisnice,don'twe?

否定轉(zhuǎn)移

?Idon'tthinkthatDavidisnice,ishe?

?Idon'tbelievethatwe'vemetbefore,havewe?

need可作一般動(dòng)詞，也可作為助動(dòng)詞，但僅限于否定句，須與not并用

?Heneedstogo,doesn'the?

?Hedoesn'tneedtogo,doeshe?

?Heneednotgo,needhe?

句中助動(dòng)詞不止一個(gè)時(shí)候，反問(wèn)句中則使用第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞

Butforhisaccident,hemighthavebeenawonderfulpianist,mightn'the?

=Ifithadnotbeenforhisaccident,hemighthavebeenawonderfulpianist,

mightn'the?

代詞

it作形式主語(yǔ)

?代替不定式短語(yǔ)

?代替that從句

?代替動(dòng)名詞

Itisnogoodreadingnovelsalldaylong.

it作形式賓語(yǔ)

that從句和不定式不能直接作不完全及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，必須用it代替

Ithinkitgoodtogetupearly.

it強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)

ItisIwho/thatlovehim.

Itwashiswordsthat/whichmademeangry.

Itisyourhelpthat/whichIaminneedof.

it強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句

Itis/was介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句that從句

Itwasin1974thatIbegantostudyEnglish.

Itwasbecausehewaslazythathefailed.

數(shù)量代詞的用法

most/all/some/half/part/therest/one-third/two-thirds/noneof+the/my/your...+

不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

?Mostofthemoneywasstolen.

?Someofthestudentsarehere.

?Onethirdofthestudentshavepassedthetest.

?Seventypercentofthewateriscontaminated.

?Mostofthestudentsarehere.

?Moststudentslovemusic.

?Allthestudentslovemusic.

?Allstudentslovemusic.

反身代詞強(qiáng)調(diào)用法

Hehimselfdidit.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)

Iwanttoseethebosshimself.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)

反身代詞不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)

(a/an/any/some/this/these/that/those/which/afew)+名詞+of

mine/yours/his/theirs/Peter^或者ofmyown/yourown/hisown/their

own/Peter'sown

Heisafriendofmine.

Thisfriendofyoursisgood.

沒(méi)有Heisthebestfriendofmine.

Everymanandwomanshoulddotheir(his/her)besttoprotecttheircountry.

Oneshoulddoone's/hisduty.

?eachother兩者彼此

?oneanother三者或三者以上彼此

Thefivestudentshateoneanother.

在美語(yǔ)中此兩者已無(wú)區(qū)別

?oneaftertheother兩者相繼地

?oneafteranother三者或三者以上相繼地

Heraisedhishandsoneaftertheother.

Allthestudentscameinoneafteranother.

Noneofthethreestudentsis/arediligent.

one...another...theother...限定三者

Hehasthreesons.Oneisateacher,anotherisasoldier,andtheotherisalawyer.

one...another...非限定的兩者

Hobbiesvarywithpeople.Onemayenjoyswimming,whileanothermaylove

hiking.

some...others...stillothers...一些…一些…另一些…

Hobbiesvarywithpeople^Somemayenjoyswimming,othersmaybefondof

bungeejumping,and斯齦鰥fcr^ffiking.

2022屆河北衡水高三英語(yǔ)新高考語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(06)時(shí)態(tài)和兩

句連接方法知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

時(shí)態(tài)

?Hewritesaletter.

?Hecomesback.

這兩個(gè)例子無(wú)時(shí)間副詞修飾，所以不是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，因此無(wú)意義

?Hewhoislazyisdoomedtofailure,to是介詞

?Hewhoislazyisdoomedtofail.

beginstartarriveleavecomego等動(dòng)詞可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

?Theyarrivetomorrow.

?Themeetingbeginsat7.

?Theystartthedayaftertomorrow.

?Doeshecometomorrow?

表示過(guò)去經(jīng)驗(yàn)可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以

Didyoueverseeherbefore?

=Haveyoueverseenherbefore?

你以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她嗎？

句中若有afteruntilbefore等連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句，由于時(shí)間先后很清楚,

可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成式

?AfterIfinishedthework,Iwenthome.

?Ididn'tstudyEnglishuntilIwas10.

?BeforeImovedhere,IlivedinJapanforalongtime.

whenunlessifonce等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示條件時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主

句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)

?WhenIhavemoney,Iwillbuyacar.

?Iwon'tbuyacarunlessIhavemoney.

?IfIseehim,Iwilltellhimthetruth.

Hetoldmethathehadseenthemovieonce.

Hewasangrybecausehehadn'tseenMary.

過(guò)去完成式不能單獨(dú)存在，要與另一一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句或表過(guò)去的副詞短語(yǔ)

連用

HewillhavearrivedinChicagobythistimetomorrow.

Whenyoucome,everythingwillhavebeenfinished.

Hewasdying.

Hewasgoingtodie.

Hewasabouttodie.

主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，從屬?gòu)木洳坏糜帽憩F(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)態(tài)

Ithoughthehadbeenworkinghard.

for/during/in/through/downthrough/overthepast/lastfiveyears過(guò)去五

年來(lái)=sincefiveyearsago

這些短語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthepasttwoweeks.

since表自從,作介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞

since后還可以引導(dǎo)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的狀語(yǔ)從句，主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完

成迸行時(shí)

?Ihavelivedheresince2000.

?IhavebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwenttocollege.

since之后必須接明確的某時(shí)間作賓語(yǔ)，不可以接一段時(shí)間作賓語(yǔ)，若接一

段時(shí)間，需要在一段時(shí)間之后接ago

Peterhaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成迸行時(shí)與for+一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)

作必須可持續(xù)進(jìn)行

Hehasdiedfortwomonths.專笥吳

HehasmarriedJanefortwentyyears.錯(cuò)誤

Itisthreeyearssincehedied.

ItistwentyyearssincehemarriedJane.

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

castcastcast丟，投擲

laylaidlaid生蛋；放置

smellsmeltsmelt

meanmeantmeant

hanghunghung

ringrangrung

swimswamswum

freezefrozefrozen

lielaylain躺,臥

spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt

burnburned/burntburned/burnt

dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt

兩句連接方法

六種方法

一破折號(hào)

Heisversatile—hespeaksfivedifferentlanguagesandplaysthepianovery

well.

—-1=目1m0

Hehasfinallymadehisgoalknowntous:hewantstobeascientist.

三分號(hào)

Heisnice;quiteoftenheisseenhelpingothers.

四并列連詞

Heenjoystakingpictures,andhehasdecidedtopursuetheartashislife

career.

五副詞連接詞

Hedeservesourrespectbecauseheishonest.

六關(guān)系詞

Heisamanwhonevertelllies.

連字符號(hào)-用來(lái)連接單詞，形成復(fù)合詞

破折號(hào)用來(lái)連接句子或同位語(yǔ)

?Water-skiingismyhobby.

?Thetigerisaman-eatinganimal.

破折號(hào)用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)句子，補(bǔ)充意思的不足

?Heistrash-heisgoodfornothing.

?Heistrash.Thatistosay,heisgoodfornothing.

破折號(hào)還可以用來(lái)連接同位語(yǔ)

?Hisfinallymadehispurposeknowntous-tochaseSusan.

?Hishobby—takingpictures—isfarmoreinterestingthanmine.

句中的對(duì)等語(yǔ)原本用逗號(hào)相隔，再用并列連詞相連，但如果對(duì)等語(yǔ)中間有

插入語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，會(huì)多出一些逗號(hào)。為了句義清楚，可以用分號(hào)取代逗號(hào)

?Hesaidthathehadnomoney;thatbecauseofhisilltemper,hehadnofriends

tocounton;andthatheexpectedmetohelphim.

?Heenjoysdancing,whichishishobby;swimming,whichheoftendoeson

Sundays;andjogging.

基本并列連詞一共三個(gè)andorbut,連接對(duì)等單詞，短語(yǔ)或句子

?Hedoesn'tlikeherbuthatesher.

?Icametoseehimand(to)tellhimthetruth.

?HeisnotgoodatEnglishbutpooratit.

?Hedoesn'tstudy,buthisteacherlikeshim.

?IlikeJohn,whoiseasytogetalongwithbutwhosebrotheristooarrogantto

associatewith.

衍生的其他連接詞

?both...and...

?either...or...

?neither...nor...

?not...but...

?notonly...butalso...

HewenttotheUnitedStatesnotonlytolearnEnglishbut(also)toknow

moreaboutAmericanculture.

Notonlycanshesing,butshecan(also)dance.

aswellas和ratherthan也可視為并列連接詞

?WeaswellasJohnlikeit.

?Heishappyratherthansad.

?Iloveherbecausesheisintelligentaswellasbecausesheisconsiderate.

?HenolessthanIisinterestedinmusic.他^口我都對(duì)音樂(lè)有興趣。

?Hetogetherwithmeisinterestedinmusic.

?Healongwithmeisinterestedinmusic.

?He,notI,isinterestedinmusic.

togetherwith/alongwith視為介詞，后面接賓格

not亦可視為并列連詞，等于ratherthan,之前恒加逗號(hào)

both...and...neither...nor...not...but...通常不用來(lái)連接句子

notonly...butalso...中的also可以省略，若不省略，連接單詞和短語(yǔ)時(shí)，

butalso不可以分開(kāi)，連接句子時(shí)，要分開(kāi)，also置于句中

?Sheisnotonlybeautifulbutkindaswell.

?Heenjoysnotjust/merely/onlydancingbutsingingaswell.

Sinceitwasraininghard,Iaskedhimtostaylestheshouldcatchacold

walkingintherain.Butheleftjustthesame.

justthesame=still

副詞連接詞

只能連接從句

becausethoughifunlessassoonasonce等等

?It