大學(xué)英語(yǔ)全新版教案

Unit1GrowingUp

I.Teachingplan(5periods)

Objectives

Studentswillbeableto:

1)graspthemainideaandthestructureofthetext(narrationinchronologicalsequence)

2)appreciatethenarrativeskillsdemonstratedinthetext

3)masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext

4)conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeof

theunit.

Timeallotment

1)1stperiod:pre-reading;while-reading(textstructure,culturalnotes,languagepoints)

2)2ndperiod:while-reading(languagepoints)

3)3rdperiod:while-reading(languagepoints,grammaticalstructures)

4)4lhperiod:while-reading(grammaticalstructures;details;synonyms;coherence)Post-reading

(mainidea;exercises)

5)5thperiod:checkonstudent'shomereading(textB)post-reading(theme-relatedlanguage

learningtasks)

Pre-readingtasks

1)HaveyoulistenedtoJohnLennon'sBeautifulBoy(2minutes)

2)Theartofeatingspaghetti(15minutes)

3)TasksstudentssomequestionsandintroducetextA(8minutest)

While-readingtasks

1.Thegraspingthestructureofthetext:circleallthetimewords;textorganizationexercise2;

sumupthemainidea(15minutes)

2.Culturalbackground:explainingtheAmericangradeschoolsystemandhowteachersare

dressed.(3minutes)

3.ExplainlanguagepointsandgivesSspractice.(60minutes)

4.Explaingrammaticalstructures(25minutes)

5.Textanalysisandtheme-relatedlanguagelearningtasks(32minutes)

Post-readingtasks

1.Thinkalone:AccordingtoMr.Flcagle,whatistheessenceoftheessay?(5minutes)

2.Checkstudents'after-textexercisesandsolvesomecommonerrors(10minutes)

3.Checkstudent'shomereading(textB)(3minutes)

4.SsdoPartIV:Theme-relatedLanguageLearningTasksinclass(1period)

5.Askthestudents5topreparethenextunit(2minutes)

I.TextAnalysis

RussellBakerisverygoodatselectingdetails(seePartIVWritingStrategy)toprovehis

point.Forexample,inPara.2hecreatesanunfavorableimageofMr.Fleaglebydescribinghis

"formal,rigidandhopelesslyout-ofklate“eyeglasses,hairstyle,clothes,jaw,nose,andmannerof

speaking.

What'smore,RussellBakeremploysrepletionnotonlytomakeiteasyforreaderstofollow

whatheissaying,butalsotoimpressthemmoredeeply.Forexample,inPara.2,thereare9

prim'sorprimly'sinasfewas3sentences!Thusreaderswillhaveintheirmindavividpictureof

whatMr.Fleaglelookedlike.AnotherexampleofsuchrepetitioncanbefoundinPara.5.Count

howmanyIwanted^thereareinthisparagraph(thereare5!).TheyhelptoemphasizeRussell

Baker9sstrongdesiretowriteforhimself.

Ontheotherhand,wherethisstylisticdeviceisnotjustified,Bakerisalsoexpertinavoiding

repetitionbyemployingsynonymouswordsandphrases.Herearesomeexamples:

a.dull,lifeless,cheerless,tedious

b.turnout,write,compose,putdown

c.recapture,relive

d.topic,title

II.Culturalnotes

1.GradeschoolsintheUS.:Itisnecessarytohavesomeknowledgeofgradeschoolsinthe

U.S.becauseSshavetorealizethat“thethirdyearinhighschool"(para.1)equals”the

eleventhgrade”(para.9).U.S.studentsgenerallygothroughelementaryschools

(kindergartento5thor6thgrade),middleschools(grades6-8)orjuniorhighsschools(grades

7-9),andhighschools(grades9-12or10-12).

2.WhatAmericanteacherswearinschool:Nowadays,peopleintheU.S.lovetodress

causally.Evenamongthosecompanieswitharigiddresscodesomenowallowemployeesnot

towearsuitsonFridays.U.S.teacherswerefairlyformalclothestoschool,butnot

necessarilysuitsandties.Bowtiesareconsideredevenmoreold-fashionedthanties.

3.Spaghettiandtheproperwayofeatingit:SpaghettiistheItalian-stylethinnoodle,cooked

bboilingandservedwithsauce.Usuallyyouwouldputaforkintoaplateofspaghetti,turn

theforkseveraltimessothatspaghettiwillwindaroundthefork,thenplacetheforkintoyour

mouth.It'simpolitetosuck.

HI.LanguagePoints

1.offandon:adv.

Inanintermittentmanner:sleptoffandonlastnight.

2.possibility:Thefactorstateofbeingpossible.Somethingthatispossible.

Isitapossibilitythatyouwillworkabroad?

Thereisnopossibilityofhiscoming.

Thenewinventioncontainswonderfulpossibilities.

3.takehold:tostarttohaveaneffect

Thefeverwasbeginningtotakehold.

4.bore:Tomakewearybybeingdull,repetitive,ortedious:

Theplayboredus.

I'mboredwiththisjob.

Ifsboretolittlechildrenhavingtogotoschooleveryday.

5.associate:Toconnectorjointogether;combine;Toconnectinthemindorimagination

associateonethingwithanother

WeassociateChinawiththeGreetWall.

Whatdoyouassociatewithsuchaheavysnow?

6.assignment:apieceofworkthatisgiventoaparticularperson

receiveanassignment接收一項(xiàng)任務(wù)

Whatistoda/sassignmentinhistory?今天歷史課指定的作'也是什么？

Hehasgotanewassignment.他得至lj一項(xiàng)新任命。

7.turnout:a.toshutoff:turnedoutthelights.

b.toarriveorassemble,asforapubliceventorentertainment:

Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.

c.Toproduce,asbyamanufecturingprocess;make:anassemblylineturningoutcars.

d.Tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortrial:

Therookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.

e.Toendup;result:Thecaketurnedoutbeautifiilly.

f.Toequip;outfit:troopsthatwereturnedoutbeautifully.

g.InformalTogetoutofbed.

h.Toevict;expel:Thetenantswereturnedout.

8.agony:Thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain.

Hislastagonywasover.他臨死的掙扎已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。

Hewasinanagonyofremorse.他處于極端悔恨之中

beinagony苦惱不安

deathagony(=agonyofdeath)臨死時(shí)的痛苦，垂死的掙孔

inagonyofpain在痛苦的掙扎中

inanagonyof處在極端…狀態(tài)中

9.assign:a.Tosetapartforaparticularpurpose;designate.分派為某一特定目的分開(kāi)；指派

b.Toselectforadutyoroffice;叩point.選派為某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或工作選派；委派

c.Togiveoutasatask;allot.作為任務(wù)分出；分配

d.Toascribe;attribute.歸于；歸屬

beassignedtoanewpost被派到新的工作崗位

assignadayforameeting確定開(kāi)會(huì)日期

assignpropertytoanother把財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給別人

assignone'sfailuretoidleness將失敗歸因于懶惰

assignhomework留家庭作業(yè)

10.anticipate:Toactinadvancesoastoprevent;forestall.Toforeseeandfulfillinadvance.

WeanticipategreatpleasurefromourvisittoLondon.我們期待倫敦之行過(guò)得非常愉快。

Weanticipatehearingfromyouagairu我們期待再接到你們的來(lái)信。

Weanticipatedourcompetitorsbygettingourproductsontothemarketfirst.

我們趕在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之前,先把產(chǎn)品推向市場(chǎng)。

ardentlyanticipate殷切地期望

confidentlyanticipate滿(mǎn)懷信心地期望

anticipatesb.'sarrivalwithmuchpleasure萬(wàn)分高興地期待某人的到來(lái)。

Amanwhoalwaysanticipateshisincomecanneversaveorbecomerich.

總是預(yù)支工資，寅吃卯糧的人，永遠(yuǎn)不能儲(chǔ)蓄或成為富人。

Hetriedtoanticipateallmyneeds.他設(shè)法將我需要的東西預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好。

Expect,anticipate,hope,await

Theseverbsarerelatedinvariouswaystotheideaoflookingaheadtosomethinginthefuture.

Toexpectistolookforwardtothelikelyoccurrenceorappearanceofsomeoneorsomething:

Youcanexpectusforlunch.

你可以等我們一起吃午飯。

“WeshouldnotexpectsomethingfornothingbutwealldoandcallitHope^^(EdgarW.

Howe).“我們不應(yīng)期待收獲而不付出-相反我們應(yīng)去做并稱(chēng)之為希望”(埃德加??何奧)。

Anticipateissometimesusedasasynonymofexpect,butusuallyitinvolvesmorethan

expectation.Sometimesitreferstotakingadvanceaction,astoforestallorpreventthe

occurrenceofsomethingexpectedortomeetawishorrequestbeforeitisarticulated:

<SKW>Anticipate有時(shí)被用作expect的同義詞，但通常它不僅僅是期望這個(gè)意思，有時(shí)

它指提前采取行動(dòng)，來(lái)阻止預(yù)料中某事的發(fā)生或在一項(xiàng)要求或愿望說(shuō)出之前使它得到滿(mǎn)

足：anticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates;預(yù)見(jiàn)會(huì)有襲擊并鎖上門(mén)；

anticipatingherdesires.預(yù)先滿(mǎn)足她的愿望。

Thetenncanalsorefertohavingaforetasteofsomethingexpectedbeforeitsoccurrence:

這個(gè)詞也指在預(yù)料中某物的出現(xiàn)前就已擁有：anticipatetrouble.過(guò)早陷入麻煩。

Tohopeistolookforwardwithdesireandusuallywithameasureofconfidenceinthe

likelihoodofgainingwhatisdesired:

Hope意思是熱切期望并對(duì)獲得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：

Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望不久就見(jiàn)到你。

Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。

Toawaitistowaitinexpectationof;itimpliescertainty:Await意思是滿(mǎn)懷期望的等待；暗

含肯定性：eagerlyawaitingyourletter.熱切等待你的來(lái)信。

11.tedious:Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullness;boring.

atediousstory冗長(zhǎng)乏味的故事

tediouswork乏味的工作

boring,monotonous,tedious,irksome,tiresome,humdrum.

Theseadjectivesrefertowhatissolackingininterestastocausementalweariness.

Boringimpliesfeelingsoflistlessnessanddiscontent:

Ihadexpectedthebooktobeboring,butonthecontraryitwasfascinating.我本以為這本45

很乏味，但正好相反，它竟讓人著迷。

Whatismonotonousboresbecauseoflackofvariety:表示monotonous的東西令人厭煩

是因?yàn)槿鄙僮兓?/p>

“Thereisnothingsodesperatelymonotonousasthesea,,(JamesRussellLowell).“沒(méi)有東西

更象大海一樣單調(diào)到讓人絕望了"(詹姆士?羅素?洛威爾)。

Tedioussuggestsdullslownessorlong-windcdness:Tedious說(shuō)明令人乏味的緩慢或漫長(zhǎng)的

曲折：Whenwetravelfromcoasttocoast,wetakeaplanetoavoidspendingtediousdayson

thetrain.當(dāng)從一個(gè)海濱旅行到另?個(gè)海濱時(shí)，我們乘坐飛機(jī)以避免在火車(chē)上打發(fā)無(wú)聊時(shí)

光。

Irksomedescribeswhatisdemandingoftimeandeffortandyetisdullandoftenunrewarding:

Irksome指需要時(shí)間和努力，然而是單調(diào)而且通常是沒(méi)有回報(bào)的：

“Iknowandfeelwhatanirksometaskthewritingoflonglettersis”(EdmundBurke)."我知

道也感到寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)信是一件多么令人煩惱的任務(wù)”(埃德蒙?布克)。

Somethingtiresomefatiguesbecauseitseemstobeinterminableortobemarkedby

unremittingsameness:tiresome的東西令人厭倦是因?yàn)樗雌饋?lái)無(wú)窮無(wú)盡或毫無(wú)變化：

“Whatatiresomebeingisamanwhoisfondoftalking?(BenjaminJowett).”夸夸其談的人

多么令人討厭”(本杰明?喬維特)。

Humdrumreferstowhatiscommonplace,trivial,orunexcitinglyroutine:Humdrum指陳

腐、瑣碎和無(wú)趣平凡的東西：

Sheledahumdrumexistence-allworkandnoplay.

她過(guò)著相當(dāng)單調(diào)的生活——只有工作，沒(méi)有玩樂(lè)。

12.reputation:Thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic;Thestateor

situationofbeingheldinhighesteem.;Aspecificcharacteristicortraitascribedtoapersonor

thing

amanofnoreputation默默無(wú)聞的人；沒(méi)有聲望的人

apersonofreputation有信譽(yù)的人，體面的人

buildupareputation博得名聲

ablot[smirch,stain]onone*sreputation名譽(yù)」二的污點(diǎn)

haveagood[bad]reputation名譽(yù)好[壞]

haveareputationforsth.(=havethereputationof)因...而著名，以...聞名

liveuptoone'sreputation不負(fù)盛名;名副其實(shí)

lose[ruin]one'sreputation名譽(yù)掃地

makeanevilreputationfbroneself弄得聲名狼藉

ofgreat[good,high]reputation很有聲望的，享有盛名的

ofnoreputation聲名狼藉的

ofreputation有名望的

13.inability:Lackofabilityormeans.

employmentinability無(wú)就業(yè)能力，失業(yè)

inabilitytobox喪失比賽能力

inabilitytodefendoneself沒(méi)有自衛(wèi)能力

14.inspire:Tofillwithenliveningorexaltingemotion:

inspireanewthoughtintosb.將新思想灌輸給某人

inspiresb.withcourage鼓起某人的勇氣

inspiresth.insb.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情；激發(fā)某人的某種感情

inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情；激發(fā)某人的某種感情

osb.把某種思想灌輸給某人

15.formal:Stifflyceremonious

aformalmanner;aformalgreeting;aformalbowtothemonarch.

16.rigid:Notflexibleorpliant;stiff.

rigidinone'sviews意志堅(jiān)定

rigiddiscipline嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練

rigidadherencetorules嚴(yán)守規(guī)則

17.excessively:advToanadvancedorunusualdegree;extremely.過(guò)分地，過(guò)度地

"Besides,excessivelylargemassesofhumanbeingsworkinginasinglegiganticbuilding

overburdenpublictransportation."”此外，許許多多的人在一幢大樓里上班工作,加重了公共

交通的負(fù)擔(dān)。"

18.outofdate:nolongeruseful,correctorfashionable

outofdatetheoriesoneducation

Theinformationinlastyear'stouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.

19.prim:Preciseorpropertothepointofaffectation;excessivelydecorous.一本正經(jīng)的過(guò)于準(zhǔn)

確或合適以致于造作的；過(guò)分端莊的

Thoseyoungladiesaremuchtooprimandpropertoenjoysucharudejoke.”為R幾位年輕的

太太太拘謹(jǐn)和正經(jīng)，不會(huì)喜歡這種粗俗的笑話(huà)?！?/p>

aprimgarden整潔的園子

primandproper一本正經(jīng)的；循規(guī)蹈矩的

20.severe:Veryserious;graveorgrievous:severementalillness.

Severe,sternandstrict:Theseadjectivesmeanunsparingandexactingwithrespectto

disciplineorcontrol.<SKW>Severeimpliesadherencetorigorousstandardsorhigh

principles;thetermoftensuggeststheimpositionofharshconditions:

“Praiseorblamehasbutamomentaryeffectonthemanwhoseloveofbeautyintheabstract

makeshimaseverecriticonhisownworks,,（JohnKeats）.“贊揚(yáng)或指責(zé)對(duì)這個(gè)人只有瞬間

效應(yīng)，對(duì)抽象美的熱愛(ài)使他對(duì)自己的作品嚴(yán)加批判（約翰?凱茲）。

Sternsuggestsunyieldingdisposition,uncompromisingresolution,orforbiddingappearance

ornature:Stem指強(qiáng)硬的處理、不妥協(xié)的決定或冷峻的外表或氣質(zhì)：

“thoughtherhusbandamanfatallysternandimplacable^^（GeorgeMeredith）.”認(rèn)為她丈夫

是一個(gè)極端嚴(yán)厲而且毫不容情的人”（喬治?馬里蒂斯）。

Strictmeansrequiringorshowingstringentobservanceofobligations,rules,orstandards:

有計(jì)劃地克制…做…某事，沒(méi)有別的理由只因你最好別做它"（威廉?杰姆森）。Strict

指要求或顯示嚴(yán)格遵守義務(wù)、規(guī)則或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

“Hecouldnotbeseverenorevenpassablystrict”（W.H.Hudson）.

“他根本不能做到嚴(yán)厲，甚至連稍稍嚴(yán)格一點(diǎn)都做不到”（W.H.N哈德森）

21.comic:Characteristicoforhavingtodowithcomedy.Oforrelatingtocomicstrips.

Amusing;humorous:acomicsituationinvolvingthefamil/spets.

comicopera喜歌劇

comicrelief（悲劇中穿插的以寬松觀眾情緒的）喜劇性鏡頭

comicbook［美］連環(huán)圖畫(huà)雜志

comicpaper報(bào)紙的連環(huán)圖畫(huà)版

comicstrip連環(huán)圖畫(huà)

tragic（來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)tragikos）.adj悲劇的;悲慘的;不幸的

atragicaccident不幸的事故

22.antique:Anobjecthavingspecialvaluebecauseofitsage,especiallyadomesticitemor

pieceoffurnitureorhandicraftesteemedforitsartistry,beauty,orperiodoforigin.

Theantiqueisafake.那古董是一件鷹品。

anantiquedealer古董商

old,ancient,archaic,antediluvian,obsolete,antique,antiquated

Theseadjectivesdescribewhatbelongstoordatesfromanearliertimeorperiod.<SKW>

Oldisthemostgeneralterm:

oldlace;

anoldsaying;

oldcolleagues;

anoldDutchpainting.

Ancientpertainstothedistantpast:

“thehills,/Rock-ribbed,andancientasthesun'XWilliamCullenBryant).

Archaicimpliesaveryremote,oftenprimitiveperiod:

anarchaicGreekbronzeoftheseventhcentutyb.c.

Hewasconvictedunderanarchaicstatutethathadneverbeenrepealed.

Antediluvianappliestowhatissooldandoutdatedthatitseemstobelongtotheperiod

precedingthebiblicalFlood:

livedinaramshackle,antediluviantenement;

“abranchofoneofyourantediluvianfamilies^^(WilliamCongreve).

Obsoleteindicatesthefactofhavingfallenintodisuse:

anobsoletecustom;

obsoletemethodsofresearch.

“Eithermanisobsoleteorwaris”(R.BuckminsterFuller).

Antiqueisappliedbothtowhatisveryoldandtowhatisespeciallyappreciatedorvalued

becauseofitsage:

“inhatofantiqueshape”(MatthewArnold).

ShecollectsantiqueFrenchfurnitureandporcelains.

Antiquateddescribeswhatisoutofdate,nolongerfashionable,ordiscredited:

“Noideaissoantiquatedthatitwasnotoncemodem.Noideaissomodemthatitwillnot

somedaybeantiquated'XEllenGlasgow).

23.tackle:trytodealwith;Totakeonandwrestlewith(anopponentoraproblem,fbrexample).

著手處理接受(比如一名對(duì)手或一個(gè)問(wèn)題)的挑戰(zhàn)并與之拼搏.

Everyonehashisproblemtotackle.每人都有一些問(wèn)題要去解決。

Thepolicemantackledthethief.警察捕捉小偷。

tacklesb.about［on,over］sth.為某事與某人交涉，與某人坦率地談?wù)勀呈?/p>

24.essay:Ashortliterarycompositiononasinglesubject,usuallypresentingthepersonalviewof

theauthor.

politicalessay政論文

essayquestion(與填充題、是非題相對(duì)而言的)問(wèn)答題

makeanessaytoassistsb.試圖幫助某人

25.distribute:Todeliverorpassout

distributebooksamongthestudents把書(shū)分給學(xué)生

bedistributedintothreeclasses分為三類(lèi)

distributeseedsoverafield在田間播種

distribute...over...把…配給到［分配到，散布于］…

distributesth.to把某物分［配，發(fā)］給…

distributesth.among把某物分［配,發(fā)］給…

distribute,dispense,divide,allocate都含“分配”的意思。

distribute指“將某物分成一定的部分或數(shù)量，通常各份的數(shù)量不一定相等，然后分給某

些人或地方“，!W:distributeleaflets分發(fā)傳單。

Inthe19thcenturythegovernmentdistributedlandtosettlerswillingtocultivateit.

Divideimpliesgivingoutportions,oftenequal,onthebasisofaplanorpurpose:在19世紀(jì),

政府將土地分發(fā)給愿意耕種的定居者。

dispensestressesthecarefuldeterminationofportions,oftenaccordingtomeasurementor

weight:Dispense強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)測(cè)理或稱(chēng)重對(duì)所分的份額，認(rèn)真作出決定：dispensing

medication;配藥；Dispense指“分配給一群人中每個(gè)人應(yīng)得的份”，如：

Theydispensednewclothestothechildrenintheorphanage.

他們把新衣服發(fā)給孤兒院的小孩們。

divide指“把整體分為若干部分”，Divide表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或目的進(jìn)行按份額分發(fā)，常是平

等的：如:

Theestatewillbedividedamongtheheirs.

divideitintotwo把它分成兩份。

allocate指“分配一定數(shù)量的財(cái)物或任務(wù)給某些人、單位或事業(yè)等”，如：

Wefveallocatedasumofmoneytoeducation.我們J經(jīng)撥出了一筆教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。

26.finally:最彳奏，最終

Shefinallyagreedwithme.她最終同意了我（的意見(jiàn)）。

Theirdisputehasnotfinallysettledyet.他們間的爭(zhēng)端尚未最終解決。

不可改變地；決定性地

It'snotfinallysettledyet.那事尚未有決定性的解決。

atlast,intime,finally,intheend這幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)者R有“終于”或“最后”的意思。

atlast強(qiáng)調(diào)久等之后

Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofspecial

typeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.在火終于被撲滅的時(shí)候，森林管理局訂購(gòu)了

好幾噸特殊速生草籽。

Whenthedentistatlastremovedthecottonwoolfrommymouth,Iwasabletotellhimthat

hehadpulledoutthewrongtooth.在牙科醫(yī)生終于把藥棉從我嘴中取出時(shí)，我才勉強(qiáng)地告

訴他說(shuō)，他把牙拔錯(cuò)了。

AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.消防隊(duì)員終于撲滅了加利福尼亞

洲的一場(chǎng)森林大火。

intime表示經(jīng)過(guò)一段不定的時(shí)間之后

Intime,allSarrfsmoneywaspaidbackinthisway.山姆所有的錢(qián)終于都用這種辦法歸還

了。

Youwilllearnhowtodoitintime.這項(xiàng)工作你最終總能學(xué)會(huì)做的。

注:intime還有“及時(shí)”的意思

finally也表示久等之后，但有時(shí)表示在一系列因素的最后一個(gè)之后

Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinGreece.

推遲了三次度假之后，我們終于在希臘度了假。

Weneedtoincreaseproductivity.Weneedtoreduceunemployment.Andfinally,weneedto

makeourexportscompetitiveonworldmarkets.我們需要增加生產(chǎn)率，減少失業(yè)率，最后

我們需要使我們的出口產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

intheend和finally同義,但finally一般位于謂語(yǔ)前。這些詞除finally之外,其他

三個(gè)都可以用在謂語(yǔ)前，也可位于謂語(yǔ)后

Intheend,westayathomeandlookaftereverything.最后，我們還是呆在家里照看著“

切。

Hetriedmanywaysofearning,intheendhebecameafarmlaborer.他試過(guò)許多謀生之道，

最后他做了農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人。

27.faceupto:toacceptanddealwithanunpleasantfactorproblem大月日面向：

Shemustfaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必須正視她已不再年輕這一事

實(shí)。

They911neverofferyouanotherjob;youmightaswellfaceuptoit.

28.scan:lookthroughquickly

scannedthemorningpaperswhileeatingbreakfast.吃早飯時(shí)瀏覽早.上的報(bào)紙

29.title:anamegiventoabook,film,etc.

thetitlesinapress'fallcatalog.出版社秋季出版計(jì)劃中的書(shū)目

30.extraordinary:Beyondwhatisordinaryorusual:

extraordinaryauthority.

Highlyexceptional;remarkable:

anextraordinaryachievement.

amanofextraordinarystrength?位力氣驚人的男子

PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace.

也許19世紀(jì)最不尋常的建筑物要算'水晶宮，了。

Whatanextraordinaryidea!多么離奇的想法！

31.sequence:Afollowingofonethingafteranother;succession.連續(xù)?件事接著另一件事；

連續(xù)

asequenceofbumperharvests連續(xù)的大豐收

inhistorical［alphabetical］sequence按歷史［字母］順序

thesequenceoftenses【語(yǔ)】時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

32.image:Onethatcloselyorexactlyresemblesanother;adouble

animageoftheVirginMary圣母瑪麗亞像

seeone'simageinthemirror在鏡中照見(jiàn)自己的形像

televisionimage電視圖象

speakinimages講話(huà)用比喻；說(shuō)話(huà)形象化

thinkingintermsofimages形象思維

Heisthe(very)imageofhisfhther.他活象他的父親。

Thepoliticianhasaverybadimageamongpeople.刃立政治家在人民中的形象彳艮差。

33.adult:afullygrownpersonforanimal

Hehasaveryadultmanneralthoughhe*sonly12.雖然他只有十二歲，他舉止卻很象大人。

34.humor:Anoftentemporarystateofmind;amood:

Pminnohumortoargue.

havenosenseofhumo(u)r缺乏幽默感

amanofhumo(u)r富有幽默感的人

blackhumo(u)r黑色幽默(60年代美國(guó)新興的一個(gè)文學(xué)流派)

dryhumo(u)r繃著臉說(shuō)笑話(huà)

Everymanhashishumo(u)匚［諺］各人有各人的脾氣。

inabadhumo(u)r情緒不好，不高興

inagoodhumo(u)r高興，情緒很好

in(an)illhumo(u)r不高興，情緒不佳

inthehumo(u)rfor有(做某事的)心情；高興…；想…

outofhumo(u)i?情緒不佳，沒(méi)興趣

35.recall:bringbacktomind;remember;Toremember;recollect.

Recallthemiseryofthepastandcontrastitwiththehappinessoftoday.”想想過(guò)去的苦，比比

今天的甜。"

Themakershaverecalledalotofunsafecars.制造廠收回了許多不安全的車(chē).

36.argument:Adiscussioninwhichdisagreementisexpressed;adebate.Aquarrel;adispute.

Itisbeyondargumentthat是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的，不容爭(zhēng)辯的是…

Argument,dispute,controversy

Thesenounsdenotediscussioninvolvingconflictingpointsofview.

Argumentstressestheadvancementbyeachsideoffactsandreasonsbuttressingits

contentionandintendedtopersuadetheotherside:

Emotionsareseldomswayedbyargument.情緒很少受論證的影響。

Disputestressesdivisionofopinionbyitsimplicationofcontradictorypointsofviewand

oftenimpliesanimosity:

Dispute強(qiáng)調(diào)由于涉及相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致意見(jiàn)上的分歧，常常暗含敵意：

Adisputearoseamongunionmembersaboutthetermsofthenewcontract.工會(huì)會(huì)員們?cè)谛?/p>

合同的條款方面產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。

Controversyisespeciallyapplicabletomajordifferencesofopinioninvolvinglargegroups

ofpeopleratherthanindividuals:<SKW>Controversy尤其用來(lái)指大批人，而非個(gè)別人在

觀點(diǎn)上存在的分歧：

Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一個(gè)會(huì)引

起廣泛爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。

37.respectable:(ofbehavior,appearance,etc.)sociallyacceptable

arespectableteacher一位可敬的老師

arespectableappearance體面的外表

arespectableincome可觀的收入

Heistoorespectableformytaste.那個(gè)人太高雅了，我不喜歡。

38.putdown:writedown

"Putitdowntomyaccount,please.”請(qǐng)記在我的帳上。

39.recapture:bringbackintothemind;experienceagain.

recaptureapositionfromtheenemy從敵人手中奪回陣地

recapturethepast回憶過(guò)去；使過(guò)去再現(xiàn)

40.relive:experienceagain,esp,inone'simagination

reliveone'slife重新生活

41.violate:actagainst

violatealaw犯法

violatesleep妨礙睡眠

violatesb.'sprivacy侵?jǐn)_某人的安靜；闖入私室

Thesoldiersviolatedthechurchbyusingitasastable.士兵們把教堂當(dāng)馬廄用而褻瀆了它。

ThesoundofgunsviolatedtheusualcalmofSundaymorning.

炮聲破壞了平常星期日早晨的寧?kù)o。

42.compose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.);Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constitute

orfonn:

anexhibitcomposedofFrenchpaintings;themanyethnicgroupsthatcomposeournation,

compose,consistof,comprise,constitute這組動(dòng)詞的?般含義為"組成"或“構(gòu)成

compose在表示"由...材料構(gòu)成”時(shí)，見(jiàn)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；在用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般它所

表示的“構(gòu)成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語(yǔ)或者是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者是集體名

i司oConcreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.

混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構(gòu)成。

England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士

構(gòu)成大不列顛島。

Merefacts,badllystated,donotcomposeagoodbook.

僅僅有資料，如果陳述得很糟糕，并不能組成一本好書(shū)；

consistof的含義與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的compose相同

Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.

雖然那件化裝服裝僅由一條床單組成，但效果很好。

comprise在表示“構(gòu)成”時(shí)，其內(nèi)涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”

Thesehousesdonotcomprisesallhisproperty.這些房產(chǎn)并沒(méi)有構(gòu)成他的全部財(cái)產(chǎn)。

Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.這個(gè)委員會(huì)由見(jiàn)解甚為懸殊的人

組成。

constitute的主語(yǔ)可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞也可以是單數(shù)名詞，所“構(gòu)成”的事物在屬性和特征

上，亦或在組織上，與組成成分是一致的

Thisgrowingpovertyinthemidstofgrowingpovertyconstitutesapermanentmenaceto

peace.在這種不斷增長(zhǎng)的貧困中正在增長(zhǎng)著的貧困，構(gòu)成了對(duì)和平的永久的威脅。

Sevendaysconstitutesaweek.七天構(gòu)成?個(gè)星期。

43.turnin:a.Tohandin;giveover:turnedinthefinalexam.

b.Toinformonordeliver:Thecriminalturnedherselfin.

c.Toproduce:turnsinaconsistentperformanceeveryday.

d.Informal:Togotobed:Iturnedinearlylastnight.

44.command:a.Togiveorders.

b.Toexerciseauthorityorcontrolasorasifoneisacommander.

ageneralwhocommandsanarmy.指揮陸軍的將軍

Tohaveatone'sdisposal:由某人處置：

apersonwhocommandssevenlanguages.懂得七種語(yǔ)言的人

45.discipline:punishment,orderkept(amongschool-children)

labo(u)rdiscipline勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律

militarydiscipline軍紀(jì).

bestrictindiscipline紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明

acommissionfordisciplineinspectionZ己律檢查委員會(huì)

strictdiscipline嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練

beunderperfectdiscipline受著很好的訓(xùn)練

Heneedsalittlediscipline.他需略加懲戒。

Inlearningaforeignlanguage,questionandanswerdrillsaregooddisciplines.

學(xué)外語(yǔ)時(shí)，問(wèn)答練習(xí)是很好的訓(xùn)練方法。

46.whafsmore:inaddition,moreimportantly

Thesedetergentsareenvironmentalfriendly,what'smore,theyarerelativelycheap.

47.contempt:Thestateofbeingdespisedordishonored;disgrace.

atouchofcontempt有點(diǎn)蔑視

feelcontemptforaliar對(duì)說(shuō)謊者有輕蔑之感

Traitorshavealwaysbeentreatedwithcontempt.叛徒永被人們唾棄。

Shelivesincontempt.她在屈辱中生活。

Herefusedtoanswerincontemptoftherulesofthecourt.

他藐視法院規(guī)章，拒絕回答。

48.ridicule:Toexposetoridicule;makefunof.嘲弄使…受嘲笑；取笑

“Myfatherdiscouragedmebyridiculingmypcrfbrmances^CBcnjaminFranklin).

49.holdback:preventtheexpressionof(feeling,tears,etc.)

Thevillagersbuiltbanksofearthtoholdbackthefloodwaters.”村民們筑起土壩，防止洪水

泛濫?！?/p>

Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.誰(shuí)也無(wú)法阻止歷史車(chē)輪的前進(jìn)。

抑制(情感、情緒)(=holdin,keepback)

Thebosswasunabletoholdbackhisangeranylonger.(喻)老板再也抑制不住怒火了。

50.avoid:keeporgetawayfrom

Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.

我橫穿馬路以便避開(kāi)他，但他看到了我并朝我跑過(guò)來(lái)。

Toavoidconfusion,theteamsworedifferentcolors.為避免混淆,兩隊(duì)分穿不同顏色的衣服。

Apersonwithnephritismustavoidallexertion.腎炎病人必須避免做任何要用勁的事。

Youngladiesshouldlearntospendmoneycarefullyandavoidextravagance.

年青的婦女要學(xué)會(huì)花錢(qián)審慎小心，避免浪費(fèi)。

Toavoidthecitycenter,wemayturnrighthereandtakethebelthighway.

從這里往右拐走環(huán)行道可以避開(kāi)鬧市中心。

51.demonstration:actofshowingorprovingsth.

peacedemonstrations.和平示威游行

52.career:a.Achosenpursuit;aprofessionoroccupation.

Mygrandfatherwasacare