高二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法與練習(xí)

高二英語(yǔ)教材學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit1-2【短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)】【考點(diǎn)1】含difference的短語(yǔ)①makea/no/some,etc.difference(tosb/sth)(對(duì)某人／某事物有／沒(méi)有／有些關(guān)系(影響)②makeadifferencebetween區(qū)分對(duì)待③makesomedifferenceto對(duì)……有些(沒(méi)有)關(guān)系④haveadifferenceincharacter在性格上有差別[例句]Itmakesnodifferencet0mewhichsidemayloseorwin.誰(shuí)輸準(zhǔn)贏對(duì)我沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。Shemakesadifferencebetweenherfamilyandherwork.她對(duì)工作和家庭是有區(qū)分的。【考例1】I'mafraidtotellyouthatthemedicinewill____nodifferencetoyourillness。sostoptakingit.A.takeB.makeC.getD.do[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查difference的動(dòng)詞搭配問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]Bmakeadifference是固定搭配。此時(shí)不行用其他動(dòng)詞。13.draw(one's)attentiontosth.對(duì)……表示留意……Themanagerdrewmyattentiontoanerrorinmyreport.經(jīng)理要我留意報(bào)告中的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。[拓展]payattentionto留意callone'sattentiontosth.叫某人留意某事turnattentiontosth．轉(zhuǎn)移留意力到……【考點(diǎn)2】及fire有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①beonfire在燃燒②setfiretosth=setsthonfire縱火，放火燒③catchfire著火④makeafire生火⑤lightafire點(diǎn)火⑥putoutafire滅火⑦playwithfire玩火；冒險(xiǎn)⑧beonfirefor因……而激烈；充溢激情⑨befulloffire充溢激情⑩underfire受到攻擊[例句]Thestudentsareonfireforwhatthey'relearninginthecomputerclass.學(xué)生對(duì)電腦課的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容充溢激情。Theboyisfulloffire.這孩子充溢熱忱。Thegrasscaughtfire．a(chǎn)ndthegrasswasonfireforashorttime.草燃著了，草燒了一會(huì)兒。Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火者必自焚(諺語(yǔ))。▲辨析:beonfire表示狀態(tài)。而catchfire則表示動(dòng)作-其完成時(shí)不行和段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。【考例2】(2004全國(guó)卷II)Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeen____completely.A.turneddownB.putoutC.putawayD.turnedover[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨義。[答案及解析]Bturndown是“調(diào)低。拒絕”的意思；putout是“熄滅，生產(chǎn)，伸出”的意思；putaway是“整理”的意思；turnover是“翻過(guò)來(lái)”的意思。14.lookupto敬重；敬佩Hehasalwayslookeduptohisfather.Inhiseyesheisperfect.他始終敬重他父親。在他的眼中，他是完備的。[拓展]lookdownon/uponsb.輕視、瞧不起某人【考點(diǎn)5】后有to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)①leadto通向；導(dǎo)致②lookupto敬重③stickto堅(jiān)持④getusedto習(xí)慣于⑤lookforwardto渴望；盼望⑥getdownto細(xì)致做某事⑦seeto留意；著手辦理⑧payattentionto留意⑨devote...to致力于；投身于⑩belongto屬于⑨attendto照看；照料⑩objectto反對(duì)⑩beopposedto反對(duì)⑩referto提到；參閱⑩contributeto對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)⑩cometo談到；涉及⑥adjustto適合于[例句]Thebridgeleadstotheisland.這座橋通向那個(gè)島。Somanyspellingmistakesinthearticleledtogreatdifficultyinreading.該篇文章拼法錯(cuò)誤太多，令人看起來(lái)特別費(fèi)勁。He'ssuchadevotedteacherthatwealllookuptohim.他是一個(gè)有奉獻(xiàn)精神的老師，我們都敬重他。Hehasneverfeltlookedupto.他從沒(méi)有覺(jué)得有人敬重他。Thedaytheyhadbeenlookingforwardtocameatlast.他們渴望的那一天最終到來(lái)。Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforustogetdowntoourstudies.期末考試就要來(lái)了。是我們細(xì)致學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了。Thismachineisoutoforder;getamechanictoseetoit.這臺(tái)機(jī)器壞了；找個(gè)技工來(lái)檢修一下?！亚樘崾荆阂陨隙陶Z(yǔ)中的to是介詞．后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞?！究祭?】(2004湖北)Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould____it.A.directtoB.sticktoC.leadtoD.referto[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。[答案及解析]Bdirect本身是及物動(dòng)詞。后不需to。referto的意思是“涉及，參閱．指的是”?！究键c(diǎn)3】及turn有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①turnout生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是②turndown關(guān)小(燈光、音量等)；拒絕③turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于④turnup開(kāi)大(燈光、音量等)；出現(xiàn)，露面⑤turnon/off打開(kāi)／關(guān)上⑥turnaside閃開(kāi)；放在一邊⑦turnover(使)翻轉(zhuǎn)；把某人交給(警方等)⑧turnin上繳；移交⑨t(yī)urnagainst背叛⑩turnaway(from)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉不看⑩turnround轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去[例句]Sheturnedoutsixfull-lengthnovelsinherlife.她一生寫(xiě)了6部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)。Thebeggarturnedout(tobe)athief.那個(gè)乞丐原來(lái)是個(gè)賊。Thatradioisprettyloud.Canyouturnitdownalittle?收音機(jī)聲音太大，你能開(kāi)小一點(diǎn)嗎?ManyboysexpressedtheirlovetoMary,butsheturnedthemalldown.很多男孩向瑪麗表達(dá)仰慕之意，但都被她拒絕了。Afterhelefttheuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterheturnedtotranslation.他高校畢業(yè)后當(dāng)了老師，但后來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)而從事翻譯工作。Weoftenturntothishandbookforinformation.我們常常查閱這本手冊(cè)找尋資料。Hepromisedtocome,buthasn'tturnedupyet.他答應(yīng)來(lái)，但尚未到。Whenhefelttired,heturnedaside(from)hisbookstolistentotheradio.感到疲憊時(shí)，他就把書(shū)放在一邊去聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。▲友情提示：要精確記住不同的搭配，尤其是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)有多個(gè)意思的?！究祭?】(2004浙江)Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite____asplanned.A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨義。[答案及解析]Bmakeout有“弄清晰。明白”的惠思；turnout的意思是“結(jié)果是．證明是”；goon的意思是“接著”!comeup的意思是“過(guò)來(lái)，走來(lái)”。題意是：我們?cè)瓉?lái)想在天黑前到家，但結(jié)果并不像預(yù)料的那樣。【考點(diǎn)4】what短語(yǔ)①whatif假如……將會(huì)怎樣?②whatfor為了什么，干什么用③whatabout...……怎么樣?[例句]Whatifshefindsoutyou'velostherbook?假如她發(fā)覺(jué)你弄丟了她的書(shū)將會(huì)是怎樣呢?Whatdidyoudothatfor?你干嗎做那件事?Whatabouthavingarest?休息一會(huì)兒怎么樣?【考例4】(2004全國(guó)卷I)--Susan,willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?--____?A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查交際用語(yǔ)。[答案及解析]A依據(jù)語(yǔ)境。答語(yǔ)中問(wèn)的是目的。該句其實(shí)是個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)全后的完整句子是：Igoandemptythatdrawerforwhat。what提前構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句就成了whatfor或forwhat。☆詞語(yǔ)比較☆1.observe,watch當(dāng)“視察”來(lái)講時(shí)，observe相當(dāng)于watchcarefully，尤其用于試驗(yàn)或探討等場(chǎng)合。詳細(xì)來(lái)說(shuō)，observe含有“察覺(jué)到”的意思，watch意為“盯著看”。watch還含有“觀(guān)看(競(jìng)賽、電視)”等，而observe沒(méi)有此意。另外，watch還有“照料”之意，相當(dāng)于takecareof。還有“當(dāng)心”之意，相當(dāng)于becarefulwith。Shehasobservedthestarsallherlife.她一生都在視察星星。I'llwatchthebabywhileyouareaway.你不在時(shí)，由我照料你女兒。You'dbetterwatchMrSmith,Ithinkheisathief.你最好當(dāng)心史密斯先生，我想他是個(gè)賊。2.beknownfor,beknownas,beknowntobeknownfor以……出了名(通常不是指同位的關(guān)系)beknownas作為……出了名(通常加上職業(yè)名詞，表同位關(guān)系)beknownto為……所知Japanisknownforitscars.日本以它的汽車(chē)而著名。Luxunisknownasawriter.魯迅作為作家很出名。Asisknowntoall,Chinahasfourfamousinvitations.眾所周知，中國(guó)有四大著名的獨(dú)創(chuàng)。3.elect,select,chooseelect只能用于選舉人，是投票選舉的正式用語(yǔ)。TheyelectedNixonPresident.他們選尼克松為總統(tǒng)。choose可用于選擇人或物。It'shardformetochooseonefroms0manypairsofshoes.要從這么多雙鞋子當(dāng)中選擇一雙對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)真是太難了。select意為細(xì)心選擇，多用于物。Sheselectedapairofsockstomatchhersuit.他細(xì)心選擇了一雙襪子來(lái)及衣服搭配。4.burndown,burnup,burnoutbumdown指“燒為平地，燒毀”；也指“火力減弱”。Thehousewasburntdowninanhour.房子一小時(shí)被燒為平地。bumup有“燒旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。You'dbetterputmorewoodonthefiretomakeitburnup.你最好往火上添著柴，讓它燒旺。bumout指“火熄滅”。ThefirehadburntoutbeforeIreturned.在我回來(lái)前，火已經(jīng)熄滅了?！罹漕}例☆()1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____thefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)A.totellB.betoldC.tellingD.told【解析】選B該題考查不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法。不定式前有only，just等詞，后跟不定式通常表結(jié)果。又因?yàn)橛浾邆儜?yīng)當(dāng)是被告知，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式。()2.Havingbeeninbedfornearlyamonth,theyhadahardtime____theexam.(2004福建)A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing【解析】選D該題考查句型haveahardtime(in)doing。()3.Hehasn'tsleptatallforthreedays.____heistiredout.(2005湖北)A.ThereisnopointB.ThereisnoneedC.ItisnowonderD.Itisnoway【解析】選C依題意“他三天沒(méi)睡，難怪他累極了。”Thereisnopointindoingsth.是本單元的句型，意為：做某事沒(méi)有作用或意義；而Thereisnoneedindoingsth.沒(méi)有必要做某事；Itisnowonder沒(méi)什么大驚小怪；Itisnoway沒(méi)可能。()4.Thediscdigitally____inthestudiosoundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(2004上海)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded【解析】選A通過(guò)分析句子，該題句子的謂語(yǔ)明顯是sounded，因此recorded只能是非謂語(yǔ)，所以選A，考查過(guò)去分詞在句中做定語(yǔ)的用法，recorded相當(dāng)于whichwasrecorded。()5.____Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.(2003北京)A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While【解析】選C句意為“只要我知道錢(qián)是平安的，我就不會(huì)擔(dān)憂(yōu)?！眅venthough“即使”；unless“除非”；while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，它們都同句意不吻合。()6.Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestomastarted.(2004北京春季)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before【解析】選A該題考查連詞的用法。該句的意思是：當(dāng)我們正在湖里游泳的時(shí)候，突然暴風(fēng)雨起先了。when表示“這時(shí)(突然)”的意思，這種用法when一般放句末。()7.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.(2005山東)A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【解析】選B分詞在句中做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可參見(jiàn)本單元的句型6。()8.____thepotforme,anddon'tletthemilkcomeout.I'llbebacksoon.A.ObserveB.NoticeC.WatchD.Lookout【解析】選Cwatch表示集中精力“照料，監(jiān)視”，本句意為“幫我看著壺，別讓牛奶溢出來(lái)?！保籵bserve意為“視察”，表示動(dòng)作；Notice指“留意到”表示結(jié)果；lookout后面不能接賓語(yǔ)。高二英語(yǔ)教材學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit3-4【短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)】【考點(diǎn)3】含as的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)①experience...as=consider...as=lookupon/on…as=treat...as把……認(rèn)為是②actas擔(dān)當(dāng)；起……的作用③serveas當(dāng)，充當(dāng)④workas當(dāng)，充當(dāng)⑤use...as把……用作……[例句]Thetheoryisexperiencedasveryadvanced.這個(gè)理論被認(rèn)為是特別高深的．Heactedaschairmaninmyabsence.我不在時(shí)他擔(dān)當(dāng)主席。Heservesasawaiterinarestaurant.他在一家餐館里當(dāng)服務(wù)員?！究祭?】Classroomtesting,ifwelldown,mostcertainly____asastimulus(刺激)tostudyandreallearning.A.usesB.looksC.actsD.does[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨義問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]C弄清題意。精確地推斷空白處的意義。題意是：課堂測(cè)試，假如做得好的話(huà)，確定會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和真正的學(xué)習(xí)有刺激作用。也就是說(shuō)，課堂測(cè)試可以充當(dāng)刺激。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用被動(dòng)態(tài)，B、D兩項(xiàng)則不能和as構(gòu)成搭配。2.callup打電話(huà)，喚醒，使人想起Thesoundofseagullscalleduphishappymemoriesofhischildhood.海鷗的叫聲喚起他對(duì)童年的華蜜的記憶。Pleasecallmeupatfive.請(qǐng)五點(diǎn)叫醒我(或：五點(diǎn)打電話(huà)給我)已學(xué)及call常見(jiàn)的搭配還有：calloff(取消，掛斷電話(huà))callat/on(探望某地／某人)callfor(要求，來(lái)找某人)callin(召集，召來(lái))【考點(diǎn)4】含comeinto的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)①comeintobeing形成；產(chǎn)生②comeintoeffect/force起先實(shí)施；生效③comeintouse/service起先運(yùn)用④comeintopower起先執(zhí)政；上臺(tái)⑤comeintoview/sight進(jìn)入視線(xiàn)⑥comeintofashion起先流行[例句]Romanticismdidn'tcomeintobeinguntilinthelate18centuryinEurope.浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)直到18世紀(jì)未期才產(chǎn)生于歐洲。Thenewseat-beltregulationscameintoeffectlastweek.運(yùn)用平安帶的新規(guī)定于上周生效?！究祭?】Thechurchgatecameinto____asweroundedthenextcorner.A.beingB.serviceC.effectD.view[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞搭配問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]D題意：我們又拐了一個(gè)彎時(shí)，教堂的大門(mén)映入了我們的眼簾。4.goagainst違反，違反(意愿、原則等)；對(duì)……不利(無(wú)被動(dòng)形式)I'mnottogoagainstmyownfamily.我不會(huì)背離我自己的家人的。Hewasafraidthatthehattiewouldgoagainstthem.他膽怯 那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗會(huì)對(duì)他們不利。6.keepout(of)攔住，不讓進(jìn)Heclosedthewindowt0keepthewindout(ofthehouse).他關(guān)上窗戶(hù)不讓風(fēng)進(jìn)來(lái)(進(jìn)房子)。Thesignsays"Keepout!"牌子上寫(xiě)著：“請(qǐng)勿入內(nèi)!”類(lèi)似用法：keepoff別碰，避開(kāi)You'dbetterkeepoffthesweetfood.你最好少吃甜食。Keepoffthegrass!請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地!【考點(diǎn)1】含look的短語(yǔ)①lookat看待；考慮；檢查②lookaround/about環(huán)顧③lookup查閱；仰視④lookinto調(diào)查⑤lookon旁觀(guān)⑥lookbackon回顧，回想⑦lookdownupon/on看不起；鄙視⑧l(xiāng)ookover翻閱；復(fù)習(xí)；檢查⑨lookto照看；留意⑩lookupto敬重⑩1ookforwardto盼望；預(yù)料會(huì)有⑥lookoutfor提防；當(dāng)心⑩lookon/upon...as...把……看作……⑩looklike看上去像⑥lookfor找尋⑩looksb.upanddown上下端詳某人⑥lookafter照看；照料⑩lookahead向前看⑩lookout當(dāng)心：看外面④lookthrough閱讀；檢查[例句]That'sthewayIlookatit．那就是我看待這事的方式。Whenallthefactshavebeenlookedup,passthemontome.全部事實(shí)查出后，轉(zhuǎn)交給我。Thepolicearelookingintotherecordsofallthoseinvolvedinthecrime.警方正在調(diào)查全部涉嫌這起犯罪的記錄。Lookingbackonit,onerealizesthatitwasfarfrombeingasatisfactoryconference.回顧過(guò)去，人們會(huì)意識(shí)到那不是一次勝利的會(huì)議?！究祭?】Inordertogetabettersolution.Ithinkwe'dbetter____thequestionfromallsides.A.lookoutB.lookupC.lookforD.lookat[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]D不同的介詞或副詞搭配，有不同的意義。lookout查處，找出；當(dāng)心，留意。lookfor找尋。7.sendfor派人請(qǐng)，叫人拿Wesentforthedocumentthismorning.我們今日上午派人去取這份文件。--WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?有人去請(qǐng)懷特醫(yī)生了嗎?--He'salreadybeensentfor.已經(jīng)派人去了。及send的常見(jiàn)搭配有：sendoff(發(fā)出)sendup(放射)sendout(發(fā)出)等。8.setaside把……放在一邊；留出Hesetasidehisbookandlitacigarette.他把書(shū)放在一邊，點(diǎn)燃一支香煙。Eachmonthshetriedtosetasidepartofhersalary.每月他都設(shè)法留出工資的一部分。aside其他常見(jiàn)用法還有：standaside(靠邊站)moveaside(移到旁邊)putsth.asideforsb.(把某物留給某人)【考點(diǎn)2】含up的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)①callup呼喚；調(diào)動(dòng)；使人想起；打電話(huà)給②lightup照亮；變得興奮起來(lái)③fillup填寫(xiě)；盛滿(mǎn)④takeup占用；拿起；從事⑤pickup撿起；接送；聽(tīng)到；學(xué)會(huì)[例句]Yourlettercallsupthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside20yearsago.你的信使人想起20年前我們?cè)谝黄鸸ぷ鞯娜兆印ue'sfacelightedupwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)好消息時(shí)，蘇流露出開(kāi)心的面容。Theroomsoonfilledupwithpeople.房間里不久就擠滿(mǎn)了人。She'stakenupflower-decorationateveningclasses.她在夜校學(xué)習(xí)插花。【考例2】Ithasbeenrainingharderandharderforquiteafewdays.Thevillageseemedtobeindangerofbeingflooded．MrSmithdecidedto____alltheyoungmeninthevillagetostrengthentheriverbank.A.callinB.callupC.callatD.callfor[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞辨義問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]Bcallin召進(jìn)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)。callat(aplace)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)(某地)。call/or須要，去接?！究键c(diǎn)5】副詞短語(yǔ)①farfrom完全不．遠(yuǎn)不②nextto兒乎；僅次于③inahurry匆忙；很快地[例句]Theproblemisfarfrom(being)easy.這個(gè)問(wèn)題完全不簡(jiǎn)單。Paperingtheceilingprovednexttoimpossiblewithoutaladder.用紙糊天花板沒(méi)有梯子兒乎是不行能的。Shedressedherselfinahurry.她匆忙地穿上衣服。▲友情提示：farfrom后可接名詞、形容詞，或being+形容詞／名詞。nextto后常接一些否定詞。【考例5】I'mterriblysorrytotellyouthatyourworkisfarfrom____.A.satisfyingB.asatisfactionC.beingsatisfactoryD.tosatisfy[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查farfrom的用法。[答案及解析]Csatisfaction是不行教名詞，前不行運(yùn)用a。from后不行接不定式。satisfying雖然意思及satisfactory相同，但常運(yùn)用satisfactory，其中being經(jīng)常省略?！罹漕}例☆()1.Modernplasticscan____veryhighandverylowtemperatures．(2005山東)A.standB.holdC.carryD.support【解析】選A句意為“承受高溫或低溫”，故選stand。()2.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted【解析】選A該題從句運(yùn)用了省略形式，省略了及主句主語(yǔ)一樣的主語(yǔ)themuseum和系動(dòng)詞is。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句主語(yǔ)及主句主語(yǔ)一樣，同時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又含有系動(dòng)詞be，?？墒÷詮木渲髡Z(yǔ)及系動(dòng)詞be．．()3.Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessif____.A.leavinguntreatedB.leftuntreatedC.leavingtountreatD.leftuntreating【解析】選Bif后的邏輯關(guān)系是：這種病被忽視未被治療，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通過(guò)兩個(gè)分詞left和untreated表示。完整句子為：ifitisleftuntreated，分詞作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可帶連詞。()4.Themanagerdecidedtogivethejobto____hebelievehadastrongsenseofduty.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whoD.nomatterwho【解析】選Awhoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。但同時(shí)又做主句的主語(yǔ)，不能用whomever；而nomatterwho引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，所以也不能用。()5.____nice，thefishwassoldoutsoon.A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Beingtaste【解析】選B系動(dòng)詞，作不及物動(dòng)詞用，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以不能用過(guò)去分詞．而用現(xiàn)在分詞，tastingnice做緣由狀語(yǔ)。()6.Inthedarkforests____,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(2005遼寧)A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylaksstand【解析】選B該句倒裝，主語(yǔ)是lakes，不及物動(dòng)詞stand，lie均可用來(lái)表達(dá)“位于”，但stand意為“站立，矗立”，用于立體物體；lie為“躺，臥”，相對(duì)于平面而言。()7.Thescientistsmytheplant's____inthisareawasaterriblesignoftheworseenvironment.A.introduetionB.absenceC.presenceD.appearance【解析】選B全句意為“這個(gè)地區(qū)這種植物的消逝是環(huán)境惡化的一種跡象”。()8.--Will$200____?--I'mafraidnot.Weneedatleast50moredollars.A.countB.satisfyC.fitD.do【解析】選D問(wèn)句意為“200美元可行嗎?”do可作不及物動(dòng)詞，作“行，可以”解，表示對(duì)萊一事實(shí)的認(rèn)可。fit意為“吻合”，不是抽象意義的“合適”。()9.Thekeydoesn't____thelock.A.fitB.fitforC.fittoD.fitwith【解析】選A此處應(yīng)作及物動(dòng)詞用，意為“這把鑰匙不是配這把鎖的”，不及物用法應(yīng)為fitinwith，形容詞用法應(yīng)是befitfor或befittodo...。()10.Youdon'tlookwellrecently.Tryto____strongwine.A.keepoffB.keepoutC.keepoutofD.keepup【解析】選Akeepoff意為“別碰，遠(yuǎn)離”，句意是“身體不好，不要喝烈酒”；keepup意為“堅(jiān)持，保持”；keepout(of)意為“不讓……進(jìn)來(lái)”。高二英語(yǔ)教材學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit5-6【短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)】【考點(diǎn)5】clearup和cleanup①clearup整理；消退；澄清；放晴②cleanup徹底打掃；清理干凈[例句]Wouldyoucleanupthisroombeforeourvisitorsarrive?客人到來(lái)之前，你打掃房間好嗎?Shewouldliketohaveatalkwithherclassmatetoclearuptheirmisunderstanding.他想和同學(xué)交談以解除他們之間的誤會(huì)。TherearesomepointsI'dliketoclearup.有幾點(diǎn)我要澄清一下?！究祭?】Onhismother'sarrival，thecryingboy'sface____.A.clearedupB.clearledupC.waslitupD.reflectedup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)辨義問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]Alightup此處不用被動(dòng)態(tài)。D不合題意?！究键c(diǎn)l】及consist有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①consistof由……組成(=bemadeupof)②consistin在于[例句]Theclubconsistsofmorethan200members.俱樂(lè)部南200多個(gè)成員組成。ThebeautyoFthevillageconsistsinitscleanairandpeacefulenvironment.這個(gè)村莊的漂亮之處在于它清潔的空氣和幽靜的環(huán)境?！亚樘崾荆篶onsistof不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！究祭?】Theopeningprovincewhich____thirteencountiesandthreecoastalcitieswillquickenitspacesofeconomicdevelopment.A.consistsofB.makesupC.isincludedD.iscontained[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查相像意義的短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的用法辨義問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]AB應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)．即：ismadeupof。C不應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。而D本身是錯(cuò)誤的，在本題中不行運(yùn)用。10.dealwith處理，應(yīng)付HowcanIdealwiththeproblem?我應(yīng)當(dāng)如何處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題?(相當(dāng)于：WhatcanIdowiththeproblem?)Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.以其人之道還治其人之身。dealwith也可譯作“及……有生意來(lái)往”。Wehavedealtwiththefinnformanyyears.我們和這家公司有多年生意來(lái)往。【考點(diǎn)4】instorehave/keep/hold...instore貯存著；準(zhǔn)備著；將發(fā)生的[例句]Nobodyknowswhatthefuturemayholdinstore.沒(méi)有人知道將來(lái)會(huì)是怎樣。Therewasabigsurpriseinstore.有一個(gè)大驚異在等著呢?！究祭?】Therewasanotheraccident____forhimthatday.A.inthewayB.instoreC.ineffectD.incase[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)辨義。[答案及解析]Bintheway擋路。ineffect事實(shí)上。incase萬(wàn)一，以防。【考點(diǎn)2】及point有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①atthepoint在某處；一度②tothepoint切中要點(diǎn)③offthepoint離題④beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...剛要做某事……突然⑤There'snopoint(in)doingsth做某事沒(méi)有意義⑥pointat/to指向⑦pointout指出[例句]Atonepointatthemeetingthemanagernearlylosthistemper.會(huì)上經(jīng)理一度幾乎大發(fā)脾氣。Hisremarksonthematterweremuchtothepoint.他就這事的評(píng)論特別切中要點(diǎn)。Theboywasonthepointofgoingtobedwhenthetelephonerang.這孩子剛要上床睡覺(jué)這時(shí)電話(huà)響了。There'sverylittlepointinarguingfurther.再爭(zhēng)辯下去意義不大。【考例2】Thepeaksfluesoclosetoeachotherthatthedistancebetweenthem____is5meters.A.tothepointB.atonepointC.atthepointD.Onthepoint[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)的辨義問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]B兩座山峰如此緊靠著以至于最貼近的一處距離僅為五米?！究键c(diǎn)3】“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)①makethemostof=makethebestof=makefulluseof充分利用②payattentionto留意③takecareof照看；照看④takenoticeof留意⑤makenotesof紀(jì)錄[例句]Themostmustbemadeofthesenaturalresourcestodeveloptheeconomyofthecountry.要充分利用自然資源來(lái)發(fā)展國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。Ourattentionshouldbepaidtowaterpollution.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)留意水的污染問(wèn)題?！亚樘崾荆哼@類(lèi)三詞詞組的被動(dòng)態(tài)形式有兩種：一是把介詞后的賓語(yǔ)作為被動(dòng)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；二是把中間的名詞作為被動(dòng)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。【考例3】Hastheboywhowasmadeuseof____realizedhismistakes?A.stealingB.tostealC.forstealingD.stolen[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。[答案及解析]B“利用……去做某事”。要用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，即：makeuseof...todosth。句中的of有賓語(yǔ)，就是前面的theboy。題意是：那個(gè)被人利用去偷盜的男孩意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤了嗎?☆詞語(yǔ)比較☆1.pleasant,pleasing,pleased(1)pleasant可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。修飾事物，不能修飾人。因此句子的主語(yǔ)只能是表示事物的詞語(yǔ)，而不能是人。意思是“令人開(kāi)心的，令人興奮的”。Ihopeyou'llhaveapleasantholiday.我希望你能過(guò)一個(gè)開(kāi)心的假期。(2)pleasing“令人興奮的，令人開(kāi)心的”，表示安靜、滿(mǎn)足、令人滿(mǎn)足之意。側(cè)重于表示接受對(duì)象的情感，傳遞主觀(guān)感受。比pleasant稍弱。主語(yǔ)可為人或事物。Anactorshouldhaveapleasingpersonality.表演者應(yīng)當(dāng)具有一種令人開(kāi)心的特性。(3)pleased“興奮的，感到滿(mǎn)足的”含義及glad基本相同。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)只能是“人”，而不能是表示事物的詞語(yǔ)。bepleasedwith表示“對(duì)……表示滿(mǎn)意”之意。Shehadapleasedlook0nhisface.她臉上露出了滿(mǎn)足的表情。2.bemadeupof,bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeinto(1)bemadeupof由……組成。TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates.美國(guó)由五十個(gè)州組成。(2)bemadeof由……制成(成品看得出原料)。Thetableismadeofwood.這張桌子由木材制成。(3)bemadefrom由……制成(成品看不出原料)。Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood.這種紙張由木材制成。(4)bemadeinto由(原料)……制成(成品)。Thebamboocanbemadeintomanyusefulthings.竹子可以制成很多有用的東西。3.lay,lie(1)lay常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“放置，鋪設(shè)；產(chǎn)(卵)；布置；下蛋”等，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。其變更為：laid,laid,laying。Shelaidthepaperonmydesk.她把文件放在我桌子上。Theworkersarelayingdownacable.工人們?cè)阡佋O(shè)電線(xiàn)。(2)lie作不及物動(dòng)詞。其基本含義是：躺；臥；位于，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。其變更為：lay,lain,lying。Thehospitallaywhereaschoolislocated.這個(gè)醫(yī)院過(guò)去就在現(xiàn)在學(xué)校所在的地方。(3)lie作不及物動(dòng)詞。它的另一個(gè)含義是：說(shuō)謊，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。其變更為：lied,lied,lying。"Heislying,"saidthegirlangrily,lyingonthehay.“他在說(shuō)謊?！蹦莻€(gè)女孩躺在干草上，生氣地說(shuō)。4.intime,ontime(1)intime除了譯作“剛好”，還可譯作“最終”或“總有一天”。Herhelpingmeintimesavedmeplentyoftime.她的剛好幫助使我省了很多時(shí)間。(2)ontime，意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”Everyoneisrequiredtobepresentatthepartyontime.要求每個(gè)人準(zhǔn)時(shí)參與聚會(huì)。time組成的詞組已學(xué)過(guò)的還有:atatime(一次),innotime(立即),atthat(the)time(那時(shí)),attimes(有時(shí)),atanytime(在任何時(shí)候)等?！罹漕}例☆()1.____twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.(2004北京)A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof【解析】選A語(yǔ)境表明動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，所以用with+名詞+不定式。Besides和Becauseof不能用toworryabout。()2.Ifyoukeepon,you'llsucceed____.A.intimeB.atonetimeC.atthesametimeD.ontime【解析】選A句意“只要你堅(jiān)持，最終確定會(huì)誠(chéng)功的?！眔ntime意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”，atonetime意為“曾經(jīng)”或(過(guò)去)有一段時(shí)間”。()3.Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship【解析】選Akeepintouch(with)是一種固定搭配。()4.____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepassword0fyoure-mailaccount.(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiredC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires【解析】選C用require被動(dòng)式，It為形式主語(yǔ)。()5.____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.(2005湖北)A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HaringbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated【解析】選Cseparate是及物動(dòng)詞，句意為“已經(jīng)分開(kāi)幾百萬(wàn)年”，因此用分詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。()6.Hospitalstaffburstintocheersafterdoctorscompleteda20-houroperationtohave____one-year-oldtwinsatthehead.(2004上海)A.isolatedB.separatedC.dividedD.removed【解析】選Bseparate用于“把兩者分開(kāi)”，isolate意為“隔離”。()7.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.(2004北京)A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider【解析】選B句意“始終在考慮重返工作崗位”，顯然說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)還在考慮，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。()8.Themanagerhasfallenasleepwherehe____,withoutundressing.(2005安徽)A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied【解析】選B語(yǔ)境是“經(jīng)理躺著睡著了”。高二英語(yǔ)教材學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit7-8【短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)】【考點(diǎn)l】及as有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①aswithsb/sth/doing猶如……一樣②asfor至于；就……而言③asto關(guān)于④asfaras就……而論；據(jù)……⑤asgoodas幾乎已經(jīng)，實(shí)際已經(jīng)⑥asfollows如下⑦asawhole總的來(lái)說(shuō)⑧asarule一般說(shuō)來(lái)，通常⑨asa/theresultof由于⑩asusual像平常一樣[例句]Aswithswimming,ridingabicycledoesgoodtoourhealth.像游泳一樣，騎自行車(chē)對(duì)我們的健康有好處。Ienjoygoingtothemovies．Butasforthetheater,Ipreferstayingathome.我喜愛(ài)看電影，但至于看戲，我寧可呆在家里。IwantyouradviceastowhatIoughttodowithMr.Ernest．關(guān)于怎樣和俄尼斯特先生打交道，我須要你的高見(jiàn)?！究祭?】Ienjoygoingt0themovies____thethea—tres.A.asforB.aswithC.astoD.asfrom[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)的辨義問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]Basfrom從……時(shí)起。題意是：我喜歡看電影像喜愛(ài)看戲劇一樣?！究键c(diǎn)2】及chance有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①takeeverychance利用機(jī)會(huì)；碰運(yùn)氣(=takeachance,takechances)②bychance=byaccident偶然地；無(wú)意中③byanychance萬(wàn)一[例句]Don'ttakechancesbydrivingtoofast.不要開(kāi)快車(chē)來(lái)冒險(xiǎn)。I'lltakemychanceofbeingcapturedbytheenemy.我要冒著被敵人抓到的危急碰碰運(yùn)氣?！究祭?】That'sachanceI'llhaveto____.A.makeB.takeC.tryD.play[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查固定短語(yǔ)的搭配問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]B在takeachance短語(yǔ)中，不行用其他動(dòng)詞。13.incaseof(incase)以防，假使Incaseofherbeingout,youmayleaveamassage.假如她不在家你可留張便條。Whatshallwedoincaseheisabsentatthemeeting?萬(wàn)一他不來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)我們?cè)趺崔k?Takeyourraincoat,justincase.帶上雨衣以防下雨。[留意](1)incaseof接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分；incase引導(dǎo)句子或單獨(dú)運(yùn)用，上面句子中justincase相當(dāng)于justincaseofrain。類(lèi)似用法還有inthis/thatcase(要是這樣/那樣的話(huà))，如：Inthatcase，wewillnotgowithyou.要是狀況是那樣的話(huà)，我們就不和你一起去了。(2)in及ease搭配也常表示“在……狀況下”主要有以下詞組：inanycase(在任何狀況下)inallcases(在全部狀況下)inaparticularcase(在特別狀況下)insomecase(在某種狀況下)innocase(在任何狀況下都不，決不)如：Innocase,canIlendmoneytohim.在任何狀況下我都不會(huì)借錢(qián)給他。12.inhonorof(insb'shonor)為了……紀(jì)念／慶祝，對(duì)……表示敬意／歡迎Abanquetwasgiveninhonorofthevisitingpresident.實(shí)行宴會(huì)歡迎來(lái)訪(fǎng)的總統(tǒng)。Abirthdaypartyisbeingplannedinourteacher'shonor.正在為我們的老師籌劃一個(gè)生日聚會(huì)。試比較：forthehonorof...(為了……榮譽(yù))Hewilltryhisbestforthehonorofhisschool.他會(huì)為學(xué)校的榮譽(yù)而努力。類(lèi)似用法inmemoryof(為了……紀(jì)念)，如：ThestatuewasbuiltinmemoryofMr.LuXun.這個(gè)雕塑是為紀(jì)念魯迅先生而建的。14.makesure:toestablishsomethingwithoutdoubt;makecertain弄清晰；確保Makesurehewritesitdown.讓他確定登記來(lái)。sureadj.(常及of，that連用)確信的；確定的Pleasemakesurethatthehouseislockedbeforeyouleave.請(qǐng)你確信是鎖上房間后才離開(kāi)的。I'mnotsureaboutthepracticalityoftheirplan.我還無(wú)法確定他們的那個(gè)安排的可行性如何。(及to連用)確定的；必定的Wearesuretobenefitfromthenewtimetable.我們確定會(huì)得益于新的作息時(shí)辰表。There'ssuretobeafusswhentheownerofthehousefindsthewindow'sbroken.房子的主子發(fā)覺(jué)窗子被人打破時(shí)準(zhǔn)會(huì)大吵大鬧的。sureadv.確定地；必定地；無(wú)疑地Itsurewascold.的確是冷。Theteachermakessure,too,thatthechildgetsenoughrestandplay,alongwithhiseducation.老師還要保證每個(gè)孩子在接受教化的同時(shí)有充分的時(shí)間休息和嬉戲。Hesaidhewouldcomewithhiswife,andsureenoughhedid.他說(shuō)他會(huì)帶著妻子一起來(lái)的，果真他們來(lái)了?！究键c(diǎn)4】makethings/mattersworse使事情更糟①tomakemattersworse=what'sworse=worsestill更糟的是②what'smore=besides此外；而且[例句]IrealizedthatanythingIcouldsaywouldonlymakemattersworse.我意識(shí)到只要我說(shuō)話(huà)就會(huì)添亂子。Itgotdark,andtomakethingsworseitbegantorain.天黑了，更糟的是又起先下起雨來(lái)。▲辨析：makethingsworse是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而tomakemattersworse是副詞短語(yǔ)?！究祭?】Heseemedtohavenodesiretogothere;____,hisclotheswerenotgoodenough.A.what'sworseB.what'smoreC.thusD.therefore[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查副詞在句意中的理解問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]B題意是：他好像不想去那里，此外，他的衣服也不夠好。【考點(diǎn)3】及mind有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①keep/bear/carry…inmind記住②have...inmind心中在想③haveamindtodosth準(zhǔn)備做某事④keepone'smindon/upon全神貫注⑤makeupone'smind(s)下決心⑥Outofsight,outofmind.眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩(諺語(yǔ))。[例句]AtthispointIcan'tundertaketoacceptyoursuggestion，butlwillkeepitinmind.在這一點(diǎn)上，我不能保證接受你的建議，但我會(huì)把它記在心里。Judginghisachievement,wemustbearinmindthathchashadnopreviousexperienceofthiskindofwork.判斷他的成果時(shí)，我們要記住他以前并沒(méi)有做過(guò)這種工作的閱歷。Whatdoyouhaveinmind?你在想什么?【考例3】Icouldseehewasnottellingmeallbe____inmind.A.keptB.hadC.carriedD.made[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語(yǔ)的辨義和短語(yǔ)的搭配問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]BC、D兩項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。題意是：我能看出他沒(méi)有把他所想的告知我?！究键c(diǎn)5】及moment有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)①forthemoment短暫=forthepresent②foramoment片刻③inamoment不久，立即．立刻④atthemoment此時(shí)．現(xiàn)在⑤themoment一……就……=theminute/instant[例句]Wearen'tgoingtomakeanychangeforthemo-ment.我們短暫不做任何變更。Thenewcouplearetravelingabroadatthemoment.那對(duì)新婚夫婦跟下正在國(guó)外旅行?！究祭?】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)--DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?--Yes,Igaveittoher____Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查連詞問(wèn)題。[答案及解析]B先解除C項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閟uddenly是副詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句。從上下句看。所欠的錢(qián)已還過(guò)，而且是．一望見(jiàn)她就還了，所以又解除D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閛nce舍有條件意味。while強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間。9.sufferfrom受……苦，遭……難，患……病Mostpartofthecountrysufferedfromtheheavyflood.這個(gè)國(guó)家的大部分地區(qū)遭遇嚴(yán)峻水災(zāi)。Hismothersuffersfromhearttrouble.他母親患心臟病?！钤~語(yǔ)比較☆1.persuade,advise兩個(gè)詞都有“勸”之意，persuade表示結(jié)果，advise只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Weadvised(or:triedtopersuade)himtostoptalking,buthcrefused.我們勸(試圖勸服)他別談了但他不聽(tīng)。Ipersuadehimtostopsmoking.tienowlooksbetter.我勸服他戒了煙?，F(xiàn)在他看f：去更健康了。[留意]persuade表示“勸服某人做／不做某事”除了persuadesb.to/nottodo...結(jié)構(gòu)，還有odoingsth./outofdoingsth.如：Hepersuadedmeintoleavingsoon.他勸服我立刻離開(kāi)。2.dead,deadly,dying三個(gè)詞都可以作形容詞，但含義各不相同。dead意為“死了”，反義詞是alive，表示死亡狀態(tài)；deadly意為“致命的”表示抽象意義；dying意為“臨死的”。Thedoghasbeendeadforhours.這條狗死了幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。Thatisadeadlysnake.這是一條致命的蛇。Thedyingmantriedtomymmething.這個(gè)快死的人試圖想說(shuō)什么。[留意]dead，dying可在前面加the作名詞用；deadly還有“死氣沉沉”之意。如：Thedead(dying)werebeingtakenawayfromthespot.當(dāng)時(shí)死者(快死的人)正從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)被抬走。Thelectureisdeadly.Manybegantoleave.演講太沉悶了。很多人起先離開(kāi)。3.forthemoment,foramomentforthemoment意為“目前，短暫”，foramoment意為“(過(guò))片刻，一會(huì)兒”。Theydon'tplantomoveforthemoment.他們目前不想搬走。Iwillstayhereforamoment.我要在這里呆會(huì)兒。4.dieof,diefrom,diefor,diein(1)dieof意為“因……而死”，緣由多為來(lái)自?xún)?nèi)部、情感、凍餓和生病等，如：dieofhunger(afever,thirst,sorrow,oldage)死于饑餓(發(fā)燒、渴、悲傷、年老)(2)diefrom意為“由于……而死”，緣由通常來(lái)自外部，如：diefromwound(lackoffood,anaccident,overwork,drinking,pollution)死于外傷(缺乏食物、事故、過(guò)度勞動(dòng)、飲酒、污染)(3)diefor意為了“為……而死”，如：Thesoldierdiedf