定語從句課件完整版

TheAttributiveClause定語從句1.定義：2.先行詞：3.關系代詞、關系副詞：在復合句中用來用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞（antecedent）。引導定語從句的詞關系代詞：關系副詞：Who,whom,whose,which,that等When,where,why等關系代詞和關系副詞的作用：1、引導作用2、替代作用3、在定語從句中擔當某個成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.關系代詞的用法指代所作成分是否可省略ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose人；物物人人人、物主語；賓語主語；賓語主語；賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省關系副詞的用法指代所作成分是否可省略WhenWherewhy時間狀語否地點狀語否原因狀語否關系代詞which和that的區(qū)別：A.關系代詞必須用that的情形：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.Summarize:

只能用that引導定語從句的幾種情況1)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時。2）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。3)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。5）先行詞既有人又有物時。B.指物時，作介詞的賓語，關系代詞只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.Practice:1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.that

C.which

D.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.(1992)

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

BDCorrectthefollowingsentences:1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.

2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

That’sallthatIwanttosay.

3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?

4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooks

which/whowereunknowntousall.

5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.

Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?

Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.

關系副詞when,where,why的用法1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?

2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.

Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.

3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.Summarize:在定語從句中關系副詞都等于一個適當的介詞加上which，在從句中作狀語When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+whichPractice:

1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)

---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC主動表示被動：某些感官動詞和系動詞加形容詞可以表示被動意義，如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等Theflowersmellssweet.Thedishtastesdelicious.Theclothfeelsverysoft.Thestoneshavewornsmooth.2.某些及物動詞后加副詞（有些可不加副詞）表示事物固有的屬性或特征,也可以表示被動意義，如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph等Thistypeofrecordersellswell.Thatkindofshirtwashesverywell.Ripeapplespeeleasily.Theplayswon’tact.Nylondriesquickly.6)Thenovelreadswell.7)Thedooropenswithdifficulty.8)Thewoodwon’tburn.9)Waterheatsrapidly.10)Thiskindofshirtcleanseasily.11)Hercoatcaughtinthedoor/onthenail.比較：1.Theboxdoesn’tlock.

這個箱子鎖不上。（箱子本身的性質）2.Theboxwasnotlocked.

這個箱子沒有上鎖。（箱子當時的狀態(tài)）3.Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.

那個理論證明是正確的。（含有自身證明的特征）4.Thetheorywasprovedtobecorrect.

那個理論被證明是正確的。（被人證明）3.want,need,require,和beworth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。Thebookisworthreading.Thecoatrequiresmending.Thechildrenneedslookingafter.Thetablewantscleaning.那是不堪想象的。這規(guī)則需要下點功夫才能學會。某些作表語(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容詞后，用不定式形式表示被動意義。Theboxistooheavytolift.Sheiseasytoapproach.Thefishisnotfittoeat.Heishardtoplease.Thepassageisdifficulttoread.Thejewelistooexpensivetobuy.Therearealotofworktodo/tobedone.Therearealotofworkforus

todo.ThePassiveVoice

被動語態(tài)了解被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)構成：be+P.P2、形式:1）一般現在時：am/is/are+P.P

1.英語中有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)2)一般過去時：was/were+P.P3)情態(tài)動詞+be+P.P4)一般將來時：will+be+p.p5)現在完成時：have/has+been+P.P6)現在進行時態(tài)：is/am/are+being+P.P1.Bananas

aregrown

inHainan.(海南種植香焦。）2.Manymoretrees

willbeplanted

inourschoolnextyear.（我們學校明年將種更多的樹。）3.Were

thetrees

planted

byhim.這些樹是他種的嗎？4.Youngtrees

mustbelookedafter.

(必須照看好小樹）5.Thebuilding

isbeingbuilt.(那棟樓房正在建設中。）6.Thehomework

hasbeenfinished

yet.

（家作已經做完了。）1.Heteaches

English

inourschool.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.語態(tài)轉換賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動be加done,時態(tài)看主動2.We

plantedmanytreeslastyears.Manytrees

wereplanted

byuslastyear.過去時的被動語態(tài)：

was/were+P.P3.We

shouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+PP4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.將來時的被動語態(tài)：Will/shall+be+PP5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.完成時的被動語:Have/has+been+PP現在進行時的被動語態(tài)：

is+being+pp6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.I

wasgiven

abook

byher.Abook

wasgiven

tome

byher.7.Shegave

me

abook.如遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…）8.Hemademe

do

thework.

Iwasmade

todo

theworkbyhim.這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)9.They

takegoodcareof

thebaby.Thebabyis

takengoodcareof

bythem.注意：含動詞詞組的被動語態(tài)，須將其看作一個整體，不可把它們分隔開來。1Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.2.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken3.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting4.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslainDDBA5.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcare.B.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof6.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered7.__Ithinktheshop_____________.__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.close,closeBclosed,closedC.closed;closesD.isclosed,closesDDD將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

Thework_______________intwodays.

2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.

Silk___________inSuzhou.

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsong_______________bythechildren.

4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.

It___________________byyounow.

5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.

ANewYearCard____________mebyLucylast

week.

6.Hemademedothatforhim.

I__________________thatforhim.

7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

Thisbook_________________tothelibrary.canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedn’tbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengivenAtrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動詞（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物動詞（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.2._____ourcountry____(send)upanotherman-madesatellitelastyear?3.Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?4.Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe_________(take)tothehospital.5.English__________(speak)inmanycounties.areusedDidsendbespokenwastakenisspoken6.Threequartersoftheworld’sbooks____________(write)inEnglish.7.Thiskindofsweater__________(sell)well.8._________Lesson50___________(teach)nextweek?arewrittensellsWillbetaught

Fillintheblanksusingrightforms:1.Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.2.Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3.—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?

—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.4.Thiscoat_________(wash)well.9.Haveyoufoundyournecklace________(偷)lastweek?6.I’moften_________(警告）nottocopyothers’homework.7.Hecouldn’texplainwhydinosaurs___________(消失).8.I’llhavemybike__________________(修理)tomorrow.5.Musttheoldpeople____________(speak)topolitely?10.ThePRCwas_________(成立)onOctober1,1949.wereasked

triedtakenwashesbespokenwarneddisappearedmended／repairedstolenfoundedThankyou!Goodbye!DirectSpeechand一字不改地引用或復述別人的話，被引用或復述的部分就叫直接引語；直接引語必須都放在引號中，其位置常在句尾或句首。用自己的話轉述別人的話；被轉述的部分就叫間接引語；間接引語不必用括號，一般用賓語從句或復合賓語表達法。原封不動引用別人的原話,原話在引號中?！癟akeoffyourboots,”hesaid.“Idon’tknowwhereyourbikeis,”

saidtheArab.“I’msorry,”theprofessorsaidtotheclass,“butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough.”DirectSpeech:用自己的話轉述別人所說的內容。通常以賓語從句的形式出現。當直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，有關的人稱、語序、時態(tài)、代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、和少數動詞都要作相應的改變。IndirectSpeech:時態(tài)的變化直接引語間接引語一般現在時現在進行時現在完成時一般過去時一般將來時一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時或不變過去將來時現在完成進行時過去完成進行時

過去進行時過去（完成）進行時

過去完成時過去完成時將來進行時過去將來進行時附：代詞時間狀語地點狀語少數動詞直接間接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthosetherethengotakecouldmighthadto直接間接threeyearsagothreeyearsbeforelastyeartheyearbeforelastweektheweekbeforethisyearthatyearnextweekthe

nextweeknextyearthefollowingyeartodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowThenextdaythefollowingday時間狀語陳述句：引語前用that引導,有時也可以不用。Hesaid,“I

openedthewindowthismorning.”Hesaidthatheopenedthewindow

thatmorning.Mysistersaid,“We

havecleaned

thefloor.”Mysistersaidthattheyhadcleanedthefloor.Themanagersaidtome,“You

mustgotherenextweek.”ThemanagertoldmethatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.Thegirlsaid,“I

candomy

homeworkmyself.”Thegirlsaidthat

she

coulddoher

homeworkherself.如直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Theteachersaidinclass,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaidinclassthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.陳述句直接引語變間接引語的結構：AsaidthatAtoldBthatThegirlsaidthat

she

coulddo

herhomeworkherself.Themanagertoldme

thatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.一般疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語后，要用陳述語序（主語先寫）用if或whether引導。時態(tài)等作相應變化。Heasked,“Canyouhearme?”Heaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.Theteacherasked,“Have

youread

thisbook,Bob?”TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.Shesaidto

me,“Willyougotherewithme?”Sheaskedmeif/whether

I

would

gotherewithher.Sheasked,“Didyouseethefilm

yesterday,Peter?”SheaskedPeter

if/whether

he

hadseenthefilmthedaybefore.“Areyouleavingtodayor

tomorrow?”JoanaskedKate.JoanaskedKateif/whether

she

was

leavingthatdayorthenextday.一般疑問句直接引語變間接引語的結構：Aaskedif/whetherAaskedBifwhetherHeaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.特殊疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語后，仍用原來的疑問詞引導，用陳述語序。時態(tài)等作相應變化。‘’When

didtheybuild

thisbridge?”sheasked.Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Theteacheraskedher,“Why

did

you

comelate?”Theteacheraskedherwhy

she

camelate.RobertaskedAlice,“Where

is

my

dictionary?”RobertaskedAlicewhere

his

dictionarywas.Mrs.Billaskedhim,“Whichbook

do

you

likebest?”Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.特殊疑問句直接引語變間接引語的結構：Aasked+原句疑問詞AaskedB+原句疑問詞Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.祈使句：改為間接引語后，就成了以不定式短語形式出現的賓語補足語（動詞常是ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind等）。Hesaidtothegirl,“Doitatonce.”Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.Hillsaid,“please

singatour

party,Mary.”Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingat

theirparty.Shesaidtome,“Don’tsmokeintheclassroom.”Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom.Hesaid,“Let’s

gofishing

tomorrow.”Hesuggested

goingfishing

thenextday.祈使句直接引語變間接引語的結構

(~sbtodosth)：AtoldB(not)todo…AaskedB(not)todo…Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty.二）祈使句改間接引語后是~sb(not)todosth

結構注意以下幾點1.said/saidto要變成asked/told/order等可跟不定式作賓補的動詞。2.呼語變賓語，please要去掉.感嘆句直接引語

(變化前)Hesaid,“HowhappyIam!”間接引語(變化后)Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas."Whatacleverboyyouare!"sheexclaimed.→Shetoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.→Shetoldhimthathewasacleverboy.

由直接引語轉變?yōu)殚g接引語,有時會引時態(tài)的變化,注意以下幾個方面

1.主句動詞為一般現在時、現在完成時或一般將來時，在轉述直接引語過程中可以不作任何時態(tài)改變：

直接引語Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”間接引語Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.

由直接引語轉變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時態(tài)不變1.不變的真理：Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.經常的習慣(強調動作或狀態(tài)現在仍然如此時，)Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.歷史事件(直接引語中有絕對具體的過去時間做狀語時)Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情態(tài)動詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”Heoftentellsmethat_____willtell_____about______.I…you…themB.he…me…themC.he…you…usD.I…me…youB例題2.Youmustsaytoher,“Idependonyouandhim.”Youmusttellherthat_____dependon____and_____.

A.I…you…h(huán)imB.she…you…meC.you…h(huán)er…h(huán)imD.you…me…h(huán)imC例題3.Ishalltellhim,“Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice.”Ishalltellhimthat____havewrittento____and_____twice.I…h(huán)im…h(huán)erB.you…h(huán)im…h(huán)erC.I…you…meD.you…me…h(huán)erA例題4.Jacksaidtome,”Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_____worried_____.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayD例題5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…thatD例題6.“DoyouknowEnglish?”heasked.Heaskedif_______English.IknewB.youknowC.heknewD.Iknow

A例題7.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.thatheheard…aweekago

B.ifheheard…theweekagoC.whathehadheard…aweekago

D.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeD例題8.Sheasked,”Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewill…nexttimeD.hewould…thenexttimeD例題9.Jacksaidtoher,”Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.shespendherB.youspendyourC.shespentherD.youspentyourc例題10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun____intheeast.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…rise例題B1.現在進行時態(tài)表將來go,come,leave,get,arrive,meet,seeoff,takeoff,return,start,fly,stay,etc.e.g.I’mleavingatseventonight2.Whentheplane,thetrain,thebus,meetingplan,filmandprogrammeareusedasthesubject,theseverbsshouldbeusedinsimplePresentTense.e.g.TheplanetoLondonleavesat9:30tomorrowmorning.Thefilmbeginsat6:00.3.Thepresenttenseisusedforthefutureinaclauseintroducedby“when”,“if”,“before”,“till/until”,“everytime”,“bythetime”,“assoonas”,“themoment”.e.g.Weshallnotgooutforahike

ifitrainstomorrow.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)用法例析一般將來時的被動語態(tài)是被動語態(tài)學習中的難點,也是重點。本文通過對若干典型例題的分析,對其進行了歸納和總結,希望對同學們有所幫助。

1.基本結構一:shall/will+be+done 【經典例題1】Ipromisethatthismatter_____nextweek. A.willbetakencare B.willtakecareof C.willtakegoodcare D.willbetakencareof

【思路點撥】

選D。從題干不難看出,一是從句中的

thismatter和

takecareof是被動關系;二是takecareof是固定搭配,不能拆開;三是相對于promise來說,takecareof是將要發(fā)生的動作。故從句謂語應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)?！窘浀淅}2】Thesedictionaries_____thelibraryagain(byyou).A.willbetakenoutof B.won’tbetakenoutofC.willtakeoutof D.won’ttakeoutof

【思路點撥】選B。由題干結構及句意可知,此題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的否定式。 另外,我們還應注意:其疑問式為Shall/Will+主語+be+done...?或特殊疑問詞+shall/will+主語+be+done...?2.基本結構二:be(am/is/are)goingto+be+done【經典例題1】Theclass____oneverythingtheyhavelearntthisyear. A.isgoingtobeexamining B.aregoingtoexamine C.isgoingtobeexamined D.aregoingtobeexamined

【思路點撥】選D。題中theclass指全班同學,謂語動詞應用復數形式,并且主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關系,所以謂語應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)?！窘浀淅}2】Anexhibitionofpainting_____at