托福聽力結(jié)構(gòu)理解 TPO41-lecture1

千里之行，始于足下讓知識(shí)帶有溫度。第第2頁(yè)/共2頁(yè)精品文檔推薦托福聽力結(jié)構(gòu)理解TPO41-lecture1托福聽力結(jié)構(gòu)理解

聽力提升太難了？？？？？

今天案例共享：

同學(xué)每早會(huì)聽半小時(shí)托福聽力，很堅(jiān)持。

但是聽力分?jǐn)?shù)間或幾分，間或十幾分。

不是說(shuō)好的堅(jiān)持就會(huì)有長(zhǎng)進(jìn)嗎？為什么這么顛簸不前呢？一問(wèn)之下：只是聽，并沒(méi)有懂。

假如只是聽：

有的學(xué)生大約是聽著聽著睡著啦，聽力有助于入睡；

有的學(xué)生大約是聽和尚念經(jīng)，嘰里咕嚕，并不知道在說(shuō)什么；

真的很堅(jiān)持，不要灰心，一年半載之后還是會(huì)有長(zhǎng)進(jìn)的，只是效率會(huì)有點(diǎn)低；

那么如何化堅(jiān)持為迅速長(zhǎng)進(jìn)呢？

答案：聽多少內(nèi)容就要聽懂多少內(nèi)容

以免鋪張練習(xí)的素材

托福聽力考察的能力圖：

基本信息>直線判斷>結(jié)構(gòu)理解

針對(duì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱：

詞匯不懂/找詞匯

句子不懂/漸漸聽/精聽/打下來(lái)

內(nèi)容逐漸清楚一些：

理解結(jié)構(gòu)

鋼筋混泥土，無(wú)結(jié)構(gòu)怎么蓋樓呢

每篇講座都一定會(huì)有自己的結(jié)構(gòu)

否則幾分鐘，600詞以上的內(nèi)容靠什么組合在一起給你呢

而且任何復(fù)雜的東西，理解結(jié)構(gòu)，你就明了了大大半

今日以TPO41lecture1來(lái)看看講座的其中一種結(jié)構(gòu)

聽完了再來(lái)看結(jié)構(gòu)哈～

FEMALEPROFESSOR:

Manyorganismshavedevelopedtheabilitytosurviveinharshenviron-mentalconditions—extremeheatorcold,or,verydryconditionsLike,plantsinthedesert—yourtextbookdoesn’thavemuchaboutthespecif-icsondesertplants,butIthinkthatdesertplantsaregreatexamplesofspecializedadaptationstoextremeenvironmentalconditions.

Sowithdesertplants,therearebasicallythreedifferentadaptivestrate-gies.AndIshouldpointoutthatthesestrategiesarenotspecifictoanyparticularspecies—manydifferentspecieshavedevelopedeachoftheadaptations.

So,firstoff,therearesucculentplants.

Therearemanydifferentspeciesofsucculentplants,buttheyallcanabsorbandstorealotofwater.Obviously,opportunitiestogetwaterinthedesertarefewandfarbetween.Generally,rainsarelightandshort,sotheraindoesn’tseeptoofardownintothesoil…andthere'salimitedwindowoftimeforanyplanttogetthewaterbeforeitevaporates.

Butsucculentplantshaveaspread-outandshallowrootsystemthatcanquicklypullinwaterfromthetopinchofsoil,thoughthesoilhastobe

saturated,sincesucculentsaren'tgoodatabsorbingwaterfromsoilthat’sonlyalittlemoist.

Succulentplantsalsoarewellsuitedtoretainingwater—importantinanenvironmentwhererainydaysarerare.Succulentplantscanstorewaterintheirleaves,intheirstems,orintheirroots.

Andtokeepthatmoisturefromevaporatinginthehotdesertsun,mostsucculentplantshaveawaxyouterlayerthatmakesthemalmostwater-proofwhentheirstomatesareclosed.

Theyalsopreservewaterbyminimizingtheirsurfacearea—themoreoftheplantthat’soutinthesun,themorepotentialthereistolosestored-upwater—andthatmeansthatmostsucculentplantshavefew,ifany,leaves.

Nowbesidessucculentplants,therearealsodrought-tolerantplants.Drought-tolerantplantsarelikebearsinaway.Youknowhowbearsmostlysleepthroughthewinter?Theycansurvivewithouteatingbe-causetheirmetabolismslowsdown.Well,drought-tolerantplantsalsogointoadormantstatewhenresources—intheircase,water—runsshort.Adrought-tolerantplantcanactuallydryoutwithoutdying.

Isaidbeforethatmostdesertrainsarelightandbrief,butoccasionallythere'saheavyone.Drought-tolerantplantsreviveafteroneofthesesignificantrainfalls—andthey'reabletoabsorbagoodbitoftherainfallduetotheirdeeproots.Actuallytherootsystemfordrought-tolerantplantsismoreextensivethantherootsystemsofmanyplantsthatliveinwetterclimates.Drought-tolerantplantscanevenabsorbwaterfromrel-ativelydrysoilbecauseoftheirdeeproots,incontrasttosucculentplants.

Thethirdadaptivestrategyistoavoidthedroughtconditionsaltogether.Yes,thereareplantsthatdothis—annualplants.

Anannualplantwillmatureandproduceseedsinasingleseasonthatwillbecomethenextgenerationofannualplants.Indesertconditions,annualplantsgrowinthefallorspringtoavoidtheheatofsummerandthecoldofwinter.Ofcourse,theseplantscouldfaceaseriousproblem

ifaparticularfallorspringhappenedtobeverydry—theywouldhavedifficultygrowingandcoulddiebeforeproducingseeds.

Buttheyhaveamechanismtopreventoneyearoflowrainfallfromwip-ingthemout.Notallseedsanannualplantputsoutwillgrowthefollow-ingyear.Someseedsremaindormantinthegroundforseveralyears.It'satypeofinsurancethatprotectsth