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--主謂一致的用法及專項練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須按照三原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。語法一致原則:指主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tomisagoodstudent.湯姆是個好學(xué)生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2.意義一致:指主語形式上為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義,這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyishavinglunchnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.這本書20美元太貴了。3.就近一致:指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式仍是用復(fù)數(shù)形式,取決于最湊近他的主語。比如:Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不單老師喜歡踢足球,而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致常考題型單數(shù)名詞(代詞),不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)形式,復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThedeskisTom’s.這張桌子是湯姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語,意義雖為“很多”,但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.很多學(xué)生到過上海。morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一個學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。表示時間,價錢,重量,數(shù)目,長度,數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短語作主語時,這些往常作一個整體觀點,謂語用單數(shù)形式。比如:Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個月是一個長假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。Tenmilesisnt’alongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長的距離。----Fiveminusfourisone.5減4等于1。主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個男人和女人都在工作。.oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個半小時足夠了。7.動詞不定式,動名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。studentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個學(xué)生考試不及格。9.當(dāng)主語部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介詞或介詞短語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;但“名詞+aswellas+名詞”時,謂語動詞一般應(yīng)與第一個名詞一致。Mikewithhisfat(yī)herhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball.邁克像他的哥哥同樣喜歡踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting.10.由and連結(jié)的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時,一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但and所連結(jié)的并列主語是同一個人,事物,或觀點時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況劃分如下:a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞,指的是同一個人或物;a/the+單數(shù)名詞+anda/the+單數(shù)名詞,指兩個人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)11.people,police等集體名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語,若指一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,若指一個詳細成員時,謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoplehereareveryfriendly.這兒的人很友好。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。----MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12.不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齊了嗎?Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有缺點。Nobodywasin.沒有人在家。each,either,neither,another,theother作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語字典。Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個答案都不正確。14.以—s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語往常用單數(shù)形式,如news,math,physics等,Nonewsisgoodnews.沒有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。5.由bothand連結(jié)兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;由or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut,連結(jié)兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主語,則動詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.如果主語是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名詞”組成時,動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred7.以here,there開關(guān)的句子,若主語在兩個或兩個以上,謂語動詞往常與鄰近的主語一致----Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.erearesomebooksandpaperforyou.the+形容詞表示一類人時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示抽象觀點時,用單數(shù)形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.?Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三、肯定與否認一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否認句時須作相應(yīng)的變化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusisgoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意:so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞構(gòu)造中須用倒裝語序。MywifelikesclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.主謂一致專項練習(xí)題1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.aren’tD.are?3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen_____45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.a(chǎn)re4?.NeitherLiPingnorI_______abasketballplayer.A.a(chǎn)mB.isC.beD.a(chǎn)re?5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.a(chǎn)re6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavoritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.are----8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.weresleepingB.issleepingC.wassleepingD.a(chǎn)resleeping?9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.a(chǎn)reB.isC.wereD.was?10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some1?1.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is?12.—What(yī)’sontheplate?Someeggsandcakesonit?—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.Thispairofglasses______mine.A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14?.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.?—Yes,I’mfaraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16?.Inthecitytheold_______.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18?.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were21.IfBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,_____________.----A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'theC.neitherwillheD.hewon'tneitherIhaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.______________.A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn'teither23?.“I'mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”_“_______.”A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo24?.Youaswellashe________toblame(責(zé)怪)fortheaccident(交通事故).A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.NeithermywifenorImyself_______abletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am主謂一致練習(xí)題參照答案(1).B(2).A(3).B(4).A(5).B(6).A(7).B(8).C(9).D(10).A(11).B(12).B(13).C(14)D.(15).A(16).B(17).A(18).B(19).A(20)D(21).C(22).D(23).B(24).A(25).D主謂一致練習(xí)題2Ⅰ.從所給的四個選項中選出最正確選項。?()1.Collectingstamps_____myhobby.?A.isB.areC.hasD.have()2.Theladywithherlittleson_____walkingalongthelakenow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()3.Bothofthetwingirls_____wearingredclothestoday.A.isB.areC.wantD.wants()4.Eachofthestudents_____aWalkman.?A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare()5.Allofmymoney_____stolenlastnight.?A.isB.wasC.hasD.have()6.Thepolice_____fortherobbersnow.?A.issearchingB.aresearching?C.issearchedD.aresearched?()7.Halfofthestudents_____fromabroad.?A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome?()8.Twokilometers_____alongway.----You’dbettertakeaat(yī)xi.A.isB.areC.was
D.were(
)9.Most
of
the
country
_____grassland.?
A.thereareB.there
isC.areD.is()10.WhatIhavettellothers.?
toldyouA.areB.
_____asecret.PleaseisC.keepD.keeps
don’()11.NotA.waspassed?(
onlyyoubutpassedB.has)12.Thispairof
alsohe_____theexam.passed?C.hadpassedD.glasses_____mewell.
isA.fit
B.fits?
C.have
fittedD.isfitted
?(
)13.Physics_____a
course
that
every
student
musttake..haveB.hasC.isD.are()14.Who_____thetwowomentalkingoverthere?A.isB.areC.wasD.be()15.Everyboyandeverygirl_____A.isB.areC.wearD.dresses?(thelargestnumberofpeople.A.isspeakingB.speak
in
newclothestoday.)16.Chinese_____byC.speaksD.isspoken()17.Alettersentbetweencomputers_____calledane-mail.?A.areB.isC.haveD.has?()18.Thepopulationofthistown_____300,000.A.areB.isC.haveD.has?()19.—What_____thenumberoftheworkersinthefactory??—Twothousand.Andalargenumberofthem_____women..is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are()20.—_____thispairofshoes_____underthebed.A.Is;isB.Are;are?
yours??C.Is;
are
—No.MyD.Are;
shoesis?()21.Inthecitytheold_____.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.takesgoodcareof?()22.Thettingreadyfortheirjourney.?A.C.preparesD.are()23.Themusicianandwriter_____chool.?A.iscomingB.arecoming?
Greens_____geisB.preparetovisitoursC.enjoysD.e----njoy()24.Noneofthemoney_____his.A.belongtoB.a(chǎn)reC.isD.has()25.—DoyoulikewatchingcookingprogrammesonTV?—No,Idon’t,butmytwinbrother_____.He’sveryfondofcooking.A.doesB.doC.isD.are?()26.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was()27.We’vegottwoTVsets,but_____workswell.?A.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither()28.Theheadmasteraswellasalltheteachers_____.?A.arehavingameeting?B.havegonetothemuseumC.isplantingtreesonthehill?D.feelveryexcitedabouttheprize()29.Twofifthsofthem_____YoungPioneers.A.isB.areC.jointoD.joins()30.Themusictheyplayed_____verywonderful.?A.isB.soundC.a(chǎn)reD.listens()31._____you_____heisabletoski,butIam.?A.Both;andB.Notonly;butalsoC.Either;orD.Neither;nor()32.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.?A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are()33.—Doyouneedmoretimetofinishthework??—Yes,anothertendays_____enough.?A.areB.isC.wereD.was?()34.Howtimeflies!Tenyears_____passed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.a(chǎn)re()35.Thispairofjeans_____Tina’s?.A.a(chǎn)reB.iC.beD.am()36.—Howmanyclassesdoyouusuallyhaveaday??—Sixclassesaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are?()37.NeitherLiMingnorI_____abasketballplayer.?A.a(chǎn)mB.is?C.belongtoD.belongsto()38.There_____manynewwordsinlessonone.Itisvryeasy.?A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are()39.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.?A.knowB.knowsC.don’tknowD.haveknown----()40.—What’sontheplate??—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.?A.isB.areC.wasD.were?()41.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were?()42.Neithertheteachernorthestudents_____intheclassroomatthatmoment.wereB.wasC.weren’tD.wasn’t()43.There_____enoughfoodinthefridge.Youhavetobuysomeonyourwayhome.A.isn’tB.isC.areD.aren’t()44.Sheistheonlyoneofthe_____writerswho_____striesforchildren.A.woman;writesB.woman;write?C.women;writesD.women;write()45.Iwonderifsomeone_____goingtotakemehom
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