2022-2023學(xué)年黑龍江省哈爾濱重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（下）月考英語試卷（4月份）及參考答案

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年黑龍江省哈爾濱重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（下）月考英語試卷（4月份）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AWeoutlinehowyoucanrealizeyourteachingdreaminCalifornia.

HaveaBachelor'sdegreefromaqualifiedinstitution.

ThisistheminimumacademicrequirementsbeforelandingateachingjobinCalifornia.

CompleteateachercertificationprograminCalifornia.

TheCommissionforTeacherCredentialing（CTC）setsthemainteachingconditionsthatyoumustcompletebeforelandingateachingjobinCalifornia.Thisisnormallyapreparationprogramonyourpreferredsubjectaswellasgeneralqualificationtestsforeducators.Yourmath，reading，andwritingskillswillbeassessedviatheCaliforniaBasicEducationSkillsTest（CBEST）.Formulti-courseteachers，you'llneedtopasstheCaliforniaSubjectExaminationsforTeachers（CSET）MultipleSubjectsExam.Moreover，allcandidatesshouldgothroughtheU.S.constitutionandpassanaccompanyingtest.

Fulfillthestudentteachingrequirementsandnecessaryteachinghours.

AregularteachingprogramisapprovedbytheCTC，andcandidatesmustcompleteatleast600hours'worthoffieldexperience.Youwillbeguidedbyalicensedpractitioner（專業(yè)人員）whentakingpartinco-teachingorteachingresidency（實(shí)習(xí)）.Normally，therearedifferentrequirementsdependingonyourprogram.

Thebackgroundcheck.

Thisismostlyanadministrativematter.RequirementsmustgothroughaLiveScan.Theaimofthischeckistofigureoutwhetherapplicantshavepriorrun-inswiththelaw.

Sendinyourapplication.

Aftergoingthroughtheprocedure，youcanthenapplytobeacertifiedteacherinCalifornia.Normally，you'llneedtoproviderelevantperformancereportsofteachercertificationprogramsandprovethatyouhavetherequiredskillstohandlestudents.TheapplicationprocessisthroughtheCTConlineentrance.

Paythefees.

Potentialteachersshouldexpecta﹩100feewhenapplyingandafurther﹩2.50tofacilitatetheonlineprocess.Candidatesfromadifferentstatesubmittingfingerprintcardsnormallypartwith﹩49.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？______A.CandidateswithaBachelor'sdegreecanapplyforateachingjobinCalifornia.

B.CBESTcanestimatesomebasicskillsofcandidates.

C.Everyapplicantshouldfinishabouthundredsofhours'teachingresidency.

D.Anadministrativebackgroundcheckisunnecessaryifcandidateshavepriorrun-inswiththelaw.2.Howistheapplicationsubmitted？______A.BymakingacalltotheCTC.

B.Byprovidingrelevantperformancereports.

C.Byaccessingthesite.

D.Byvisitingacertifiedteacher.3.HowmuchshouldacandidatefromoutsideCaliforniapayintotal？______A.﹩49. B.﹩53.5. C.﹩102.5. D.﹩151.5.BOpeningagoodbookcantakeyouonanadventurebutsometimes，it'snotwhat'sonthepages，butwhat'sbeenleftinthemisthemostexcitingpartforSharonMcKellaralibrarianattheOaklandPublicLibraryShehasbeencollectingleftinthelibraryforyears.Now.he'sfinallyfoundauseforallthoseoldfamilyphotos，notes，couponsrecipesandconcertticketsshe'scollectedinbooksovertheyears.

McKellarstartedthe"FoundinaLibraryBook"project-anonlinedatabaseofallthethingsfoundinbooksatthelibrary."Itstartedoutasmypersonalcollection，butIputoutacalltootherlibrarystaff，justtoseeifanybodyhadanythingthey'dbewillingtoshare，andwasjusttotallyinundatedwithotherpeople'slittlecollectionsofallsortsofthingstheyhadfound，"McKellartoldCBSNews.

McKellarhasadded370mementostothelibrary'sonlinecollection-butshesaidshehadacouplehundredmoretoupload.Manyofthemementosarenotesandsomearebookreviewsleftbehindforthenextreader："Ilovedthisbook.Itstolemyheartandmademecry.Whenyoufindtearstains，youwillknowtheyaremine.Enjoy.

McKellarsaidthatwhiletheoriginsoftheforgottenmementosremainamystery，somepeoplehaverecognizeditemsontheonlinedatabase，"OnepersonnamedSusanreachedoutbecauseoneofthelovenoteslookedlikeherparents'handwritingandthekindofnotestheyusedtoleaveeachother，"shesaid

Theprojectisfairlynew，butMcKellarhopesitinspirespeopletodiveintobooksattheirlocallibrary，"Youneverknowwhatyou'llfind.Youjusthaveasenseofsharedspaceincommunity."McKellarsaid."Lthinkpartofwhypeopleareespeciallyexcitedaboutthatrightnowiswehaveobviouslybeeninafastpacedsociety.Soitisawaytosortoffeelaconnectionwithpeoplewhoyoudon'tevenknowthroughtheseforgottenobjects."4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mementos"refertoinparagraph1？______A.Theadventurestories. B.Theforgottenmemories.

C.Theitemsfoundinbooks. D.Thewell-designedpages.5.WhydidMeKellarcontactotherlibrarians？______A.Toraisemoneyforherproject.

B.Toinvestigatetheircommitment.

C.Tolaunchalost-and-foundproject.

D.Toenrichthedatabaseofhercollection.6.WhatisimpliedfromSusan'scaseinparagraph4？______A.Theprojectaimstofindlostrelatives.

B.Inspiringlovestoriesimpresspeoplealot.

C.Theoriginsofthemementosremainmysterious.

D.Theexperienceaddstotheemotionalappealoftheproject.7.WhatisthepossiblereasonforthepopularityofMcKellar'sproject？______A.Ithelpspeoplefindlostobjects.

B.Itinspirespeopletoreadwidely.

C.Itoffersacommunity-basedlink.

D.Itbringslocallibrariesbacktolife.CMostofusdon'thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories，itisoftenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtous.Thephenomenon，knownas"childhoodamnesia，"basbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury.

Itmayseemthatthereasonwedon'trememberbeingbabiesisthatbabiesdon'thaveafullydevelopedmemory.Butbabiesasyoungassixmonthscanformbothshort-termandlong-termmemories.Inonestudy，six-month-oldswholearnedhowtopressalevertooperateatoy.

Ofcourse，memorycapabilitiesattheseagesarenotadult-like—theycontinuetodevelopuntiladolescence.Infact，developmentalchangesinbasicmemoryprocesseshavebeenputforwardasanexplanationforchildhoodamnesia，andit'soneofthebesttheorieswe'vegotsofar.Thesebasicprocessesinvolveseveralbrainregionsandincludeforming，maintainingandlaterbringingbackthememory.

Butthisdoesnotseemtobethewholestory.Anotherfactorthatweknowplaysaroleislanguage.Fromtheagesofonetosix，childrenprogressfromtheonewordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage（s），sotherearemajorchangesintheirlanguagecompetencethatoverlapwiththechildhoodamnesiaperiod.Itistruetosomeextentthatachild'sabilitytodescribeaneventpredictshowwelltheyrememberitmonthsoryearslater.

Whiletherearestillthingswedon'tunderstandaboutchildhoodamnesia，it'simportanttorememberthat，evenifwecan'tclearlyrememberspecificeventsfromwhenwewereveryyoung，theystillinfluenceourbehavior.Thefirstfewyearsoflifeareforgettableandyetpowerfulinshapingtheadultsthatwebecome.8.Whatdoesthestudymentionedinparagraph2show？______A.Babiesdon'thaveafullydevelopedmemory.

B.Babiesdon'tsufferfromchildhoodamnesia.

C.Babiescanrememberthingsforweeks.

D.Babiescanbenefitfromhands-onlearning.9.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthebesttheoriesconcerningchildhoodamnesia？______A.Babies'brainsarenotmatureenough.

B.Babies'languageskillsneeddeveloping.

C.Babiescannotgothroughbasicmemoryprocesses.

D.Babiesrarelyexperienceeventsthathadabigimpact.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？______A.Specificeventsfromearlychildhoodshouldbetoldtochildren.

B.Thefirstfewyearsoflifeshouldbetakenseriously.

C.Wecanovercomechildhoodamnesiasomeday.

D.Childhoodamnesiaisfairlycommon.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.Howourearlychildhoodmemoriesform

B.Howchildhoodamnesiainfluencesourlives

C.Whysomememoriesdisappearandothersdon't

D.Whywecan'trememberourearlychildhoodDIfyouthoughtthatonlythelikesofElonMuskandJeffBezoswereracingtoreachMars，thisonewillsurpriseyou——ketchup（番茄醬）anddressing（加調(diào)味醬的）makerHeinzpartneredwiththeFloridaInstituteofTechnologytogrowtomatoesinMars-likesoilandthenmadeketchup.It'scalledtheMarzEdition.

Nutritiononadistantplanetisdefinitelygoingtobeatoughtask.Whileastronautscarrydehydrated（脫水的）foodpacketswiththem，ifwearelookingtoestablishsettlementsondifferentplanetsinoursolarsystem，wewillneedmorethanfoodpackets；wewillneedtomakefoodself-reliant.

AstrobiologistAndrewPalmerisonesuchscientistlookingformeanstosolvethisproblem.PalmerandhisteamhavecreatedMars-likeconditionsinagreenhouse.TheysourcedsoilfromtheMojaveDesertthatissimilartothatfoundonMarsandalsocreatedlight，temperature，andwaterconditions，similartotheredplanet.

TheyteamedupwithHeinzforitsexpertiseintomatoesandfoundfourplantvarietiesthatcouldpotentiallygrowinthesetoughconditions.Afterasmall30-plantstudy，theteamfoundthatonlytwovarietiesactuallydidandthenexpandedtheirexperimentto450plantsgrowninindividualpots.Theprojecttookmorethan2，000hoursandfinallytheywereabletoproduceaCropthatcouldbeharvested.

TheresultwashundredsoftomatoesuptothestandardsthatHeinzusesfortheproductionofitssignatureketchup.Thecompanydidexactlythatandpackageditintoaspecialeditionbottle.Beforeyouask，theketchupisnotforsale.

Palmerbelievesthetechniqueisfarfromperfectbecausetheyield（產(chǎn)量）wasmuchlessthanwhattheybadanticipated.ThisindicatesthatMartiantomatofarmingcouldbeimprovedbygrowingtheplantsintroughs（槽）insteadofpotsintroducingawidervarietyofmicro-organisms，andaddingvariousplantstoreducethespreadofdiseases.TheexperimentalsoprovidedinsightsintohowitwouldbepossibletogrowplantsinthetoughestenvironmentsonEarth.12.Whatdoes"thisproblem"inparagraph3referto？______A.GrowingcropsonMars.

B.BringingketchuptoMars.

C.CreatingMars-likeconditions.

D.EstablishingsettlementsonMars.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"expertise"meaninparagraph4？______A.Astrongsenseofcustomer-orientedservice.

B.Thewideknowledgeorspecialskillinparticularfield.

C.Thegenerousfinancialsupport.

D.Thecommitmentcoupledwithcreativity.14.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMarzEdition？______A.Itisavailableforpurchase. B.Itenjoysahighyield.

C.Ithasastrangetaste. D.Itisofgoodquality.15.WhatmightPalmer'steamdonext？______A.Improvetheirexperimentwithatroughsystem.

B.GrowtomatoesinthetoughestenvironmentsonEarth.

C.Explorethevarietyofmicro-organismsaffectingcropyields.

D.Findwaystostopdiseasesspreadingamongtheirexperimentalplants.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）I'mahiker—"borntohike".Itdoesmyheartandsoulgoodtotakeapackandheadoutonatrail，especiallywhenI'maloneandcanletmymindwanderwhereitwill.（1）______

Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.Asaprofessionalwriter，althoughIambusywithmywork，Ioftensparesometimetohike.（2）______

（3）______Exerciseingeneralcanbeagoodwaytodecreasestress.Butwhatsetshikingapartfromotherformsofexerciseisthathikingcanhappenalmostanywhereandgiveyouthehappinessthatyoucantakefromnature.

Hikingcanincreaseourcreativity.I'msureI'mnotaloneinfindingthatwalksinnatureletmymindwanderfreelyincreativedirections.（4）______.Sometimes，ideasrelevanttomusiccomeupfromunconsciousplaceswhenI'mnotdeliberatelythinking.

Hikinghelpsstrengthenapositiverelationshipwiththenaturalworld.Besidesbeinggoodforus，hikingmayalsohelptheworldaroundus.Afterall，ifwesticktowalkingandcoveringlongerdistances，wecouldusecarslessandreduceourcarbonfootprint.（5）______Forexample，itincreasesourconnectiontonature.Asonestudysuggests，whenwehaveapersonalconnectiontonature，wearemorelikelytowanttoprotectit.Thatmeansexperiencesinnature—likehiking—canbemutually（相互地）beneficial，helpingpeopleandtheearth.

So，grabawaterbottle，abackpack…andheadoutonthetrail.Youwon'tbesorryyoudid.

A.Hikinghelpstokeepyoucalmandhappy

B.Beyondthat，hikingbenefitsourplanetindirectly

C.Followingarethebenefitsyoucangetfromhiking

D.Infact，I'vewrittenmanyofmysongswhilehikingonatrail

E.It'seasyformetocomeupwithcreativeideaswhilesittingalone

F.Itnotjustmakesmefeelgood，butalsohelpsmekeepthebrainintopshape

G.Thisallgoestoshowthathikingmaybeoneofthebestwaystomoveyourbody16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）"Believeinyourself，andtherewillcomeadaywhenotherswillhavenochoicebuttobelieveinyou."

——CynthiaKerseyEnurPakashticahasbeena（n）（1）______totheyounggenerationashehasdeveloped（2）______overtheyearstopushhislimits.Bornintoapoorfamilyin1994，Pakashticahasbeensingingsincetheageofsix.Asbe（3）______fortheotherkidsinschoolforevents，itbuilthisself–esteem（自尊）andhelpedhim（4）______hisconfidence.Pakashticaisasingerandproducer，whohasusedhisskillsto（5）______theworldwithhispassionandcommitment.Pakashticahas（6）______morethan15songsandjoinedforceswithartistssuchasAdrianCaxhafortheremakeofthesongAjshe.

Pakashticaofficiallystartedhis（7）______whenhewas12，andsincethen，hehasnever（8）______.AsheperformedonTVinfrontofthousandsofpeople，hemadeittothetopten，whichgathered（9）______andbuilthiswilltoachievemoreandmore.Thereis（10）______thatcanholdpeoplebackiftheyhavethe（11）______attitude，andPakashticahasbeenchannelingpositivitythroughouthislife.PakashticahastakenpartinSeason2ofXFactorAlbania.wherehereachedthesemifinalsandperformed（12）______.

Pakashticafollowsa（13）______："Peoplewhowanttosucceedhaveto（14）______betweenwhethertheywanttogofarorfast.Ifyouwanttogofar—-beyourself，never（15）______，andifyouwanttogofast，andgodownfast，fakeittillyoumakeit."21.

A.image B.sample C.inspiration D.lesson22.

A.confidence B.wealth C.business D.mind23.

A.dancedtomusic B.putonperformances

C.deliveredaspeech D.raisedfunds24.

A.maintain B.reduce C.lack D.regain25.

A.establish B.move C.puzzle D.transform26.

A.copied B.collected C.adapted D.created27.

A.school B.career C.company D.service28.

A.lookedback B.getacross C.turneddown D.broughtup29.

A.feedback B.envy C.appreciation D.sympathy30.

A.nothing B.everything C.something D.anything31.

A.aggressive B.critical C.correct D.casual32.

A.patiently B.decidedly C.helplessly D.perfectly33.

A.policy B.regulation C.belief D.requirement34.

A.abandon B.choose C.hesitate D.struggle35.

A.change B.adventure C.wander D.challenge四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

OnMarch29，1974，farmersweredigging（1）______（well）northeastofXi'anwhentheymadeanamazingfind：thebodiesoflife-sizedfiguresThesefigures（2）______（confirm）fromtheQinDynastybyarchaeologistslater.Peopledugupstatuesofmorethan500warriors，24horses，and6chariotsinthatsamefieldwithinweeks，making（3）______thearchaeologicalfindofthecentury.

The（4）______（found）oftheQinDynastywasQinshihuang，whomadehiscapitalthecityofXianyang，whichisonthenorthwesternborder.ItwasnosecretthatwhenQinshihuangdied，hewasburiedin（5）______enormoustombmorethan70meterstall，northeastofXi'an.About500secondarytombsandsiteswerediscoverednearby.（6）______，throughtheages，detailsofhistombhadbecomeforgottensowhenthefirstterracottasoldierswereunearthedin1974，thewholeworldreacted（7）______surprise.

OnlyasmallpartoftheareaaroundQinshihuang'stombbasbeenexplored，andthecontentsofthetombitselfisstillamystery.Accordingtooldstories，itcontainsa（8）______（mass），undergroundpalace，filledwithtreasure.Whilesomeresearchhasbeendoneonthetomb，anditappears（9）______theseoldstoriesmaybetrue，thetombhasnotbeendiscoveredbecauseofthechallenges（10）______（involve）inpreservingwhatisfoundItcouldtakemanymoreyearstodiscoverallthesecretsburiedthere.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)上席李華。你校擬舉辦"漢字緣"（MyStoryofChineseHanzi）活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你給留學(xué)生Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加。內(nèi)容包括：

（1）發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)；

（2）告知相關(guān)事項(xiàng)，包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；

（3）期待參加。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

_______38.PriceofaMiracle

Onlyaverycostlyoperationcouldsavehimnowanditwaslookingliketherewasnoonetolendthemthemoney.SheheardDadsaytohertearfulmomwithdesperation，"Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow."

Tesswenttoherbedroomandpouredallthechangeshehadsavedoutonthefloorandcounteditcarefully：47cents.SheslippedoutofhomeandmadeherwaytoRexal'sDrugStore.Shewaitedpatientlyforthepharmacist（藥劑師）togivehersomeattentionbuthewastoobusyatthismoment.Finally，shetookaquarterfromherpocketandbangeditontheglasscounter.Thatdidit!"Andwhatdoyouwant？"thepharmacistaskedinanannoyedtoneofvoice.'TmtalkingtomybrotherfromChicagoMedicalUniversitywhomIhaven'tseeninages，"hesaidwithoutwaitingforareplytohisquestion.

"Well，Iwanttotalktoyouaboutmybrother，"Tessansweredbackinthesameannoyedtone."He'sreally，reallysickandIwanttobuyamiracle."

"Wedon'tsellmiracleshere，littlegirl.I'msorrybutIcan'thelpyou，"thepharmacistsaid，softeningalittle."Listen，Ihavethemoneytopayforit.Ifitisn'tenough，Iwillgettherest.Justtellmehowmuchitcosts."Tessansweredwithablindfaith.

Thepharmacist'sbrotherwasawell-dressedman.Hestoopeddownandaskedthelittlegirl，"Whatkindofamiracledoesyourbrotherneed？""Idon'tknow，^^Tessrepliedwithhereyeswellingup.

"Ijustknowhe'sreallysickandMomsaysheneedsanoperation.Butmydadcan'tpayforit，soIwanttousemymoney."

注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。

"Howmuchdoyouhave？"askedthemanfromChicago._____________

Theoperation-wascompleted.______________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、D【解析】（1）推理判斷題。由本文CompleteateachercertificationprograminCalifornia.（在加州完成教師認(rèn)證課程。）部分中的關(guān)鍵句Your

math，reading，and

writing

skills

will

be

assessed

via

the

California

Basic

Education

Skills

Test

（CBEST）.（你的數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀和寫作技能將通過加州基礎(chǔ)教育技能測(cè)試（CBEST）進(jìn)行評(píng)估。）推斷出CBEST可以評(píng)估候選人的一些基本技能。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文Sendinyourapplication.（提交你的申請(qǐng)。）部分中的TheapplicationprocessisthroughtheCTConlineentrance.（申請(qǐng)流程是通過CTC在線入口進(jìn)行的。）推斷出申請(qǐng)要通過網(wǎng)站。故選C。

（3）數(shù)字計(jì)算題。由本文Paythefees.（支付費(fèi)用。）部分中的Potentialteachersshouldexpecta﹩

100feewhenapplyingandafurther﹩

2.50tofacilitatetheonlineprocess.Candidatesfromadifferentstatesubmittingfingerprintcardsnormallypartwith﹩

49.（有潛力的教師在申請(qǐng)時(shí)應(yīng)收取100美元的費(fèi)用，另外還需支付2.50美元，以促進(jìn)在線流程。來自不同州的候選人提交指紋卡通常要支付49美元。）推斷出來自加利福尼亞州以外的候選人的支付總額為：100+2.50+49=151.5美元。故選D。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章講述了如何在加州實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)夢(mèng)想。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

4~7.【答案】C、D、D、C【解析】（1）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段Shehasbeencollecting

leftinthelibraryforyears.（她多年來一直在收集留在圖書館的mementos）可知，mementos是被人留在圖書館里的東西，并根據(jù)后文Now.she'sfinallyfoundauseforallthoseoldfamilyphotos，notes，couponsrecipesandconcertticketsshe'scollectedinbooksovertheyears.（多年來，她在書中收集了很多家庭老照片、筆記、優(yōu)惠券、食譜和音樂會(huì)門票，她終于找到了這些東西的用處）可知，mementos包括了老照片、筆記、優(yōu)惠券等小物品。由此推知，劃線詞mementos指的是在書中找到的小物件。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Itstartedoutasmypersonalcollection，butIputoutacalltootherlibrarystaff，justtoseeifanybodyhadanythingthey'dbewillingtoshare（一開始這只是我的個(gè)人收藏，但我給其他圖書館的工作人員打了個(gè)電話，想看看是否有人有什么東西愿意分享）可知，McKellar打電話給其他圖書管理員打電話是為了希望其他人能給她分享一些小物件，來豐富她的收藏。故選D項(xiàng)。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段OnepersonnamedSusanreachedoutbecauseoneofthelovenoteslookedlikeherparents'handwritingandthekindofnotestheyusedtoleaveeachother.（一個(gè)名叫蘇珊的人找到了這些東西，因?yàn)槠渲幸粡垚鄣淖謼l看起來像她父母的筆跡，是他們過去常留給彼此的那種字條）可知，McKellar的在線數(shù)據(jù)庫幫助蘇珊找到了能夠讓她想起父母的一個(gè)字條，這是一個(gè)非常有愛的故事，讓大家感受到了在線數(shù)據(jù)庫這個(gè)項(xiàng)目背后的情感價(jià)值。故選D項(xiàng)。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Youneverknowwhatyou'llfind.Youjusthaveasenseofsharedspaceincommunity.（你永遠(yuǎn)不知道你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。你會(huì)在社區(qū)中有一種共享空間的感覺）可知，McKellar的項(xiàng)目受歡迎可能是因?yàn)樗軌虬巡煌ψ拥娜寺?lián)系起來，構(gòu)成一種基于社區(qū)的聯(lián)系。故選C項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了奧克蘭公共圖書館的圖書管理員McKellar創(chuàng)辦的在線數(shù)據(jù)庫，幫助大家找到遺失的物件，并發(fā)掘項(xiàng)目背后的情感價(jià)值。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~11.【答案】C、C、B、D【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Itmayseemthatthereasonwedon'trememberbeingbabiesisthatbabiesdon'thaveafullydevelopedmemory.Butbabiesasyoungassixmonthscanformbothshort-termandlong-termmemories.Inonestudy，six-month-oldswholearnedhowtopressalevertooperateatoy.（我們不記得自己是嬰兒的原因似乎是嬰兒沒有發(fā)育完全的記憶。但6個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能形成短期和長(zhǎng)期記憶。在一項(xiàng)研究中，六個(gè)月大的嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)如何按杠桿操作玩具）可推知，第二段中提到的研究說明了嬰兒能記住幾周的事情。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Ofcourse，memorycapabilitiesattheseagesarenotadult-like—theycontinuetodevelopuntiladolescence.Infact，developmentalchangesinbasicmemoryprocesseshavebeenputforwardasanexplanationforchildhoodamnesia，andit'soneofthebesttheorieswe'vegotsofar.（當(dāng)然，這些年齡段的記憶能力并不像成年人那樣它們會(huì)一直發(fā)展到青春期。事實(shí)上，基本記憶過程的發(fā)展變化已經(jīng)被提出來解釋兒童健失癥，這是迄今為止我們得到的最好的理論之一）可知，關(guān)于童年健忘癥的最好的理論之一是"嬰兒不能經(jīng)歷基本的記憶過程"。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Whiletherearestillthingswedon'tunderstandaboutchildhoodamnesia，it'simportanttorememberthat，evenifwecan'tclearlyrememberspecificeventsfromwhenwewereveryyoung，theystillinfluenceourbehavior.Thefirstfewyearsoflifeareforgettableandyetpowerfulinshapingtheadultsthatwebecome.（雖然關(guān)于童年健忘癥，我們?nèi)杂幸恍┎涣私獾牡胤?，但重要的是要記住，即使我們不能清楚地記住我們很小的時(shí)候發(fā)生的具體事件，它們?nèi)匀粫?huì)影響我們的行為。生命的最初幾年是很容易忘記的，但對(duì)我們長(zhǎng)大成人卻有著巨大的影響）可推知，生命的最初幾年應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對(duì)待。故選B。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段Mostofusdon'thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories，itisoftenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtous.Thephenomenon，knownas"childhoodamnesia，"basbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury.（我們大多數(shù)人都沒有生命最初三到四歲的記憶。當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D回想起我們最早的記憶時(shí)，往往不清楚它們是真實(shí)的，還是只是基于照片或故事的回憶。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為"童年健忘癥"，一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來一直困擾著心理學(xué)家）結(jié)合文章主要解釋說明了為什么我們不記得童年，解釋了"童年健忘癥"發(fā)生的原因以及相關(guān)研究?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)"為什么我們不記得我們的童年"最符合文章標(biāo)題。A．How

our

early

childhood

memories

form我們童年早期的記憶是如何形成的；B．How

childhood

amnesia

influences

our

lives童年健忘癥如何影響我們的生活；C．Why

some

memories

disappear

and

others

don't為什么有些記憶會(huì)消失而有些不會(huì)；D．Why

we

can't

remember

our

early

childhood為什么我們不記得我們的童年。故選D。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋說明了為什么我們不記得童年，解釋了"童年健忘癥"發(fā)生的原因以及相關(guān)研究。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

12~15.【答案】A、B、D、A【解析】（1）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段Whileastronautscarrydehydratedfoodpacketswiththem，ifwearelookingtoestablishsettlementsondifferentplanetsinoursolarsystem，wewillneedmorethanfoodpackets；wewillneedtomakefoodself-reliant.（雖然宇航員會(huì)攜帶脫水食品包，但如果我們希望在太陽系的不同星球上建立定居點(diǎn)，我們需要的不僅僅是食品包；我們需要實(shí)現(xiàn)食品自給自足。）可知，第三段第一句話所指的問題是"實(shí)現(xiàn)食品在太空上的自給自足"，即在火星上種植作物。A．Growing

crops

on

Mars.在火星上種植農(nóng)作物；B．Bringing

ketchup

to

Mars.把番茄醬帶到火星；C．Creating

Mars

-

like

conditions.創(chuàng)造了類似火星的環(huán)境；D．Establishing

settlements

on

Mars.在火星上建立定居點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

（2）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段IfyouthoughtthatonlythelikesofElonMuskandJeffBezoswereracingtoreachMars，thisonewillsurpriseyou——ketchupanddressingmakerHeinzpartneredwiththeFloridaInstituteofTechnologytogrowtomatoesinMars-likesoilandthenmadeketchup.It'scalledtheMarzEdition.（如果你認(rèn)為只有像ElonMusk和JeffBezos這樣的人在競(jìng)相登陸火星，那么這個(gè)消息可能會(huì)讓你驚訝番茄醬和調(diào)味醬生產(chǎn)商Heinz與佛羅里達(dá)理工學(xué)院合作，在類似于火星土壤的土壤中種植番茄，然后制成番茄醬。這款產(chǎn)品被稱為MarzEdition。）和劃線詞所在句子TheyteamedupwithHeinzforits

expertise

intomatoesandfoundfourplantvarietiesthatcouldpotentiallygrowinthesetoughconditions.（他們與亨氏公司合作，利用其在番茄方面的expertise，發(fā)現(xiàn)了四種可能在這些惡劣條件下生長(zhǎng)的植物品種。）可知，Heinz是一家番茄醬生產(chǎn)商，所以第四段中"itsexpertise"指Heinz在番茄相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)性。A．A

strong

sense

of

customer

-

oriented

service.強(qiáng)烈的客戶服務(wù)意識(shí)；B．The

wide

knowledge

or

special

skill

in

particular

field.某一特定領(lǐng)域的廣博知識(shí)或特殊技能；C．The

generous

financial

support.慷慨的財(cái)政支持；D．The

commitment

coupled

with

creativity.承諾加上創(chuàng)造力。故選B項(xiàng)。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段TheresultwashundredsoftomatoesuptothestandardsthatHeinzusesfortheproductionofitssignatureketchup.（Heinz將這些符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的數(shù)百個(gè)番茄用于制作特別版番茄醬，并將其裝在特別設(shè)計(jì)的瓶子里。）可知，MarzEdition番茄醬的質(zhì)量很好。故選D項(xiàng)。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段ThisindicatesthatMartiantomatofarmingcouldbeimprovedbygrowingtheplantsintroughsinsteadofpotsintroducingawidervarietyofmicro-organisms，andaddingvariousplantstoreducethespreadofdiseases.（這表明，通過在槽中種植番茄而不是在盆中，引入更多種類的微生物并添加其他植物以減少疾病傳播，可以改善火星的番茄種植。）可知，接下來Palmer的團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)在系統(tǒng)中使用槽，而不是盆。即用水槽系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家AndrewPalmer和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)與Heinz公司合作，研究在火星般惡劣的條件下種植番茄的可行性。經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們成功地生產(chǎn)出適宜在太空種植的番茄，并推出了MarzEdition番茄醬。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

16~20.【答案】C、F、A、D、B【解析