歷年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題

wordword教育資料歷年專八短文改錯(cuò)試題2014年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition（SLA）emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions（a前面力口also）havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea: （possessed改為captured）Isitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage? （one前面力口as）Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave （fact后面力口that）moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguages?Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe （language前面去掉the）acquisitionofanadditionallanguage?Whatsocioculturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall （去掉the）theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo（attempts改為attempting）Whetheronelabelsit“l(fā)earning”or“acquiring”anadditionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder （or改為and）focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesareinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning（involving改為involved）oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.（touch改為contact）2013年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Psycho_linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith(1) listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually(2) happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately. (3) Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4) younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity (5) involved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6) theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if (7) wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples (8) ofwhatmightbecalled“l(fā)anguageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9) listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10) experimentstogetatwhatisduction改成producing去掉the去掉accurately前面的solooking改為lookwe前面加that去掉colleague后面的hastheir改成hisanyone改成pure老師someoneevolved改成involvedwere改成are2012年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst (1) centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:thespirit,nottheletter;the(2) sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot (3) themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4) wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5) century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage (6) wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7) gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8) literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe (9) extreme“l(fā)iteralists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Toooften,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)___going后力口on2.certain改為acertain3.rather改為not4.is改為was5.in改為at6.去掉第二個(gè)the7.view后面加that8.去掉wasculminated后面力口inand改為but2011年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1 seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2 soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks. 3 Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears 4 oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy5 schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom6 theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof7 beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated8 asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure9 ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously10 intended_writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodandboyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.L在grow后加up,考固定短語(yǔ).改consience為consciousness考詞語(yǔ)區(qū)別，consience翻譯為“良心，道德心”,consiousness翻譯為“意識(shí)”3改soon為sooner，soonerorlater是固定短語(yǔ).在child前加middle,考上下文理解。作者是三個(gè)孩子句中的那位。改disagreeing為disagreeable，disagreeing只能作動(dòng)名詞，不能作形容詞。disagreeablemannernisms令人討厭的習(xí)慣.改imaginative為imaginary,考詞語(yǔ)區(qū)別imaginative翻譯為“有想象力的"，imaginary翻譯為“想象的，虛構(gòu)的”.改literal為literary,考詞義區(qū)別，literal翻譯為“字面的"，literary翻譯為“文學(xué)方面的”.去掉face后的in，face接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞?？紕?dòng)詞的基本用法9在world后加in或者改which為where,考定語(yǔ)從句.改Therefore為However或者Nevertheness,考語(yǔ)境。2010年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1 thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay. 2 Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive 3 peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe 4 faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5 English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect6 inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.ThepositionissimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar7 environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms8 fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9 Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life. 10 .be后插入as;as-as引導(dǎo)的比較級(jí).their改為its;its代替everylanguage.There改為It;It此處作為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式.Whereas改為But；語(yǔ)境需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，whereas表示對(duì)比.further改為much further不能修飾比較級(jí).come改為bring;(sth)cometolight,bringsthtolightbringtolightthedefectofEnglish=bringthedefectofenglishtolight揭示英語(yǔ)的缺陷.similar改為different;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)該用different.will改為would;虛擬語(yǔ)氣.asimportant去掉as;thepart去掉the或者改the為abe/become/form(a)partof是固定短語(yǔ)2009年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference (1) betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe (2)littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven(3) grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With(4) theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed (5) onwithintheveryhouritislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses (6) betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit(7) hasbeenretransmittedoverandover;verypossiblyithaspassed (8) alongachainoftwoorthreehundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveaftersomuchhandling, (9) toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe (10) 答案分析：(1)thefurtherdifference改為afurtherdifference(此次應(yīng)該用不定冠詞表示泛指)(2)改when為until,結(jié)構(gòu)not...until翻譯為“直到……才”⑶their改為his(代詞與前文alittlelistener在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致)⑷something改為anything此處指二十到七十的任何時(shí)段(5)therefore改為however(根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系)inthegeneral去掉the(習(xí)慣用法ingeneral表示總的來(lái)說(shuō)，一般不用冠詞)currently改為current(這里起的是表語(yǔ)的作用，需要形容詞而不是副詞)ithaspassed改為ithasbeenpassed(與分號(hào)前的被動(dòng)保持一致)live改為alivealive翻譯為“鮮活的”，一般作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；live翻譯為“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播的；活的”，一般作定語(yǔ)toletalone改為letalone(letalone為習(xí)慣搭配，意思是“更不用說(shuō)2008年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent 1 partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate 2 agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother 3 racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates 4 splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa 5 differentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewasevenone 6 proposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavouredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglish 7 andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone 8 knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore. 9 Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshowntheworld 10 thatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommonlanguage..inresult改成inconsequence,.2moves改成movements..distinctive改成distinct或different.4在time后加when.accepted改成realized.those改成that.刪除on,.At改成Incarryingwith改成carryingonwith.now改成ago2007年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliest 1 recordsofancientlanguagesshowuslanguageinanewand 2 emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage3 originatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,andthe4 necessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:therearenoremotetribes,noancientrecords,providingevidenceofalanguagewithalargeproportionofsuchcries5 thanwefindinEnglish.Itistruethattheabsenceofsuchevidencedoesnotdisprovethetheory,butin 6 othergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.Peopleofallracesandlanguagesmakerathersimilarnoisesinreturntopainorpleasure.Thefactthat 7 suchnoisesaresimilaronthelipsofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguagesareutterlydifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldifference8 betweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent, 9 whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatare 10 whollyconventional.1,改and為or,anylanguagagestodayorrecordsofancientlanguages是并歹U成分，在否定句中用or2,改show為showing,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)3,刪除the,表示泛指4,改and為but,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處是轉(zhuǎn)折5,改large為larger,后面有than,應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)改in為。n,onothergrounds"基于其它理由”，為固定搭配改return為response,inresponseto”對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)”8,刪除on,emphasizesthemphasize是及物動(dòng)詞9,在large前加a,extent是可數(shù)名詞，前面要加冠詞。"toalargeextent"翻譯為"在很大程度上”10,改these為thosethosethat/who為固定形式2006年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1 tothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticular2 message:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalvocabularyanda3 setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis 4 thoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglish 5 speakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognises,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience. 6 But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,unlessTOC\o"1-5"\h\zhehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanother 7 memberofhislinguisticcommunity;hebastogivethesystemaconcretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomost8 commonformsoftransmission-bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare9 amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements. 10 1,改agreeing為agreedagreedconventions翻譯為“習(xí)俗”2,words前加the,此處為特指3，改in為atatone’sdisposal為固定短語(yǔ)，翻譯為“由某人做主”4改enables為enable，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞vocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules保持一致5,刪除the,此處需要泛指6,改old為older,此處需要比較級(jí)7改seen為understood，system應(yīng)該是被理解8冊(cè)^除ittakesthforgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat…9,改or為and，語(yǔ)境需要并列關(guān)系而不需選擇關(guān)系10,most前加the,形容詞最高級(jí)中that一般不能省略2005年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Anumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteeptuitionincreasesfornextyearmuchsteeperthanthecurrent,verylowrateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbecauseofalossinvalueofuniversityendowmentsheavilyinvestingincommon 1__stock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosesthepricethatmaximizesitsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinincome;andincreasinglythe2__outlookofuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesisindistinguishablefromthoseof3___businessfirms.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertainty 4___increasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingintheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob(thisisprimarilyafactorin5___graduateandprofessionalschooltuition);thepoorone'sjobprospects, 6 themoresenseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents 7___includesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,givingstudentsagovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses. 8_Sky-hightuitionshavecauseduniversitiestoregardtheirstudentsascustomers.Justasbusinessfirmssometimescolludetoshortenthe 9__rigorsofcompetition,universitiescolludetominimizethecosttothemoftheathleteswhomtheyrecruitinordertostimulatealumnidonations,sothebestathletesnowoftenbypasshighereducationinordertoobtainsalariesearlierfromprofessionalteams.Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,theIvyLeagueschoolscolludedtolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents,byagreeingnottoawardscholarshipsonthebasisofmeritratherthanpurelyofneed_justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbest 10 customer..investing應(yīng)改為invested,過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ).在irrespective和fluctuations之間加上介詞of。irrespectiveOf是一一固定用法，意指“不論，不管，不顧，”等，此處指公司不顧收入的波動(dòng)變化。.把those改為that，that此處代替outlook.在fact和economic之間力口上關(guān)系代詞that。這是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)，that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是不能省略的..把定冠詞the去掉,inschool表示上學(xué)這個(gè)抽象意義.把形容詞poor改為其比較級(jí)poorer。這句中的poor與后面的more形成一對(duì)比較關(guān)系，表示“越……越……”.在ways和which之間加上一^個(gè)介詞in。.這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的一lng形式，即eliminating,以便使句型結(jié)構(gòu)與前面的giving(studentsagovernancerole)保持一致，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都顯得不正確。.將shorten(縮短；使變短)改為reduce/lesson/weaken。此處屬于用詞不當(dāng)。.將togivediscountson改為togivediscountstotheirbestcustomer。意為實(shí)業(yè)公司給最好的客戶提供優(yōu)惠。Givediscountstosb為固定短語(yǔ)2003年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundred (1)__yearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.”Theseyoung (2)__adultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajor (3)__buttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrate (4)__anTOC\o"1-5"\h\zdatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. (5)__Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwho (6)__formedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthe (7)__divorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswell (8)__aslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubious (9)__distinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentin (10)__ Europe.Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned1.答案：height-high,high作為名詞翻譯為“最高水平”，又如reachanalltimehigh2.答案：刪除a【詳細(xì)解答】此處steadydecline指穩(wěn)定下降的行為、過(guò)程而不是其結(jié)果，為不可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)去掉定冠詞a。.答案：went后加口on【詳細(xì)解答】goon為固定搭配，意為“持續(xù)”。.答案：high-higher【詳細(xì)解答】后面有than,此處應(yīng)為比較級(jí)。.答案：Europe-European【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞counterparts。.答案：more【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知，more與equally矛盾，故應(yīng)去掉。.答案：nevertheless—also【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知，此處講的內(nèi)容與前部分內(nèi)容之間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。.答案：that-those【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知，此處所指代的應(yīng)為前面復(fù)數(shù)形式的marriages,故指示代詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.答案：Since—Although（或While）【詳細(xì)解答】從邏輯上講,此處應(yīng)表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系,而非因果關(guān)系。.答案：in—to【詳細(xì)解答】to...extent為固定搭配，意為倒……程度”02homemakerwasnotabandoned.答案：height—high,high作為名詞翻譯為“最高水平”,又如reachanalltimehigh2.答案：刪除a【詳細(xì)解答】此處steadydecline指穩(wěn)定下降的行為、過(guò)程而不是其結(jié)果，為不可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)去掉定冠詞a。3.答案：went后力口on【詳細(xì)解答】goon為固定搭配，意為“持續(xù)”。4.答案：high-higher【詳細(xì)解答】后面有than,此處應(yīng)為比較級(jí)。5.答案：Europe-European【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文,此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞counterparts。6.答案：more【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知，more與equally矛盾，故應(yīng)去掉。7.答案：nevertheless-also【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知,此處講的內(nèi)容與前部分內(nèi)容之間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。8.答案：that-those【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知，此處所指代的應(yīng)為前面復(fù)數(shù)形式的marriages,故指示代詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9.答案：Since—Although(或While)【詳細(xì)解答】從邏輯上講，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系，而非因果關(guān)系。10.答案：into 【詳細(xì)解答】to...extent為固定搭配，意為倒……程度”2002年英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)真題答案Therear