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千里之行,始于足下讓知識(shí)帶有溫度。第第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦對(duì)外漢語拼音教學(xué)(英文版)PUTONGHUA

1.PutonghuaisthecommonlanguageoftheHanethnicgroupinChina.It'sstandardChineselanguage.It'sMandarinandofficial.It'sbasedonBeijingphoneticsandthedialectofthenorthernChina.

2.TheChineselanguageisdividedintosevenmajordialects.Speakersofdifferentdialectsinsomecasescannotunderstandeachother,butdialectsareunifiedbythefactthattheyshareacommonscript.ThesevenChinesedialectsareNortherndialect,Wudialect,Xiangdialect,Gandialect,Mindialect,Hakka(spokeninnorthernGuangdongandotherprovinces)andCantonese.

3.Min,HakkaandCantonesearewidelyspokenamongoverseasChinesecommunities.InTaiwanaformofMindialectisused,thoughtheofficiallanguageisMandarin.MandarinisalsowidelyusedinSingapore,whereit'sknownasHuayu.CantoneseismainlyusedinHongkong,MacaoandGuangdongprovince.

4.TherearetwosysteminwrittenChinese.Oneissimplified,theotheristraditional.ThesimplifiedisusedinMainland.ThetraditionalisusedbyH.k.Macao,TaiwanandoverseasChinesecommunities.

Howdowelearnpinyinwell?

1.Todaywewilllearnpinyin.

2.Whatispinyin?PinyinisthemarkofphoneticnotationforChinesecharacters.It'smadeofthreeparts:initials,finalsandtones.

3.Forexample,p?nyīn,n?hǎo,xièxiè,zaìjìan

4.Afterlearnthreeparts,weshouldbeabletopronounceeverysingleword.

5.Howdowelearnpinyin?

Wedivideourpinyinclassinto10classes.

Inthefirstorsecondclass,firstlyrecognizeall(threeparts).Secondly,practicegroupbygroup.Thirdly,dosomeexercises.Steps:①帶讀②解釋③辦法④放棄

Mistakes:①發(fā)音部位②發(fā)音辦法③莫名其妙

ü的讀法:i→üFirst,trytopronounce"i",andthenyourtonguestayshere,graduallypurseyourlips.Tryityourself.

ü的標(biāo)調(diào)辦法:Whenyouseejqxyinitialgoeswithü,youcanseeu.

INITIALSANDFINALS

InitialSounds:(22)

TheseinitiallettershavethesamepronunciationasinEnglish:(f,l,m,s,(w),(y))?m--(asin"man")n--(asin"no")l--(asin"letter")

?f--(asin"from")s--(asin"student")w--(asin"woman")

Thefollowinginitiallettershaveslightdifferencesasnotedbelow.Ifthecommentcallsforastrongpuffofbreath,oldyouropenhandseveralinchesfromyourmouthandmakecertainthatyoucanactually"feel"thebreathasyoupronouncetheletter.

?p--(asin"pun"or"pop")note:useastrongpuffofbreath

?k--(asin"cop")note:useastrongpuffofbreath

?t--(asin"top")note:useastrongpuffofbreath

?b--(asin"bum")note:nopuffofbreath

?d--(asin"dung")note:nopuffofbreath

?g--(asin"good")note:nopuffofbreath

?h--(asin"hot")note:slightlymoreaspiratedthaninEnglishThefollowinginitiallettersarethemoredifficultforEnglishspeakers:

?z--(asin"friends")

?c--(asin"bits")

?s--(almostthesameasthepronounceof"s'inEnglish)

?zh--(asin"judge")

?ch--(asin"church",butwithastrongpuffofbreath)

?sh--(asin"shirt")

?r--(asin"run")

?j--(asin"jeep")

?q--(likethe"ch"in"cheese")

?x--(likethe"sh"in"sheep")

Final(Ending)Sounds:(39)

ThefinalsconnectwiththeIntitialsoundstocreatetheonesyllablewordsthatarethebasisoftheChineselanguage.

AlthoughallChinesewordsareonesyllable,theyareoftencombinedtocreatetermsmadefromseveralwords.

?-a(asinfather)

?-an(likethesoundsof"John"or"angry")

?-ang(likethesoundof"under"or"rang')

?-ai(asin"high")

?-ao(asin"how"or"out")

?-o(like"aw")

?-ou(likethe"ow"in"low"or"boat")

?-ong(likethe"ung"in"lung"withaslight"oo"sound)

?-e(soundslike"uh")

?-en(like"un"in"open")

?-eng(likethe"ung"in"lung")

?-ei(likealong"a"orthe"ei"in"eight")

?-er(likethe"er"in"herd")

?-i(likealong"e"orthe"i"in"machine"or"see")

?-ia(likeyain"yard")

?-ian(similarto"yen")

?-iang(-ifollowedbyang)

?-iao(likeyowin"yowl")

?-ie(likeyein"yes")

?-in(asin"bin")

?-ing(like"sing")

?-iong(imergedwithong)

?-iu(likeyoin"yoga")

?-u(likethe"oo"in"loop")

?-ua(ufollowedbya)

?-uai(likewiin"wild")

?-uan(ufollowedbyan)

?-uang(likewangin"twang")

?-uang(ufollowedbyeng,whichexistsonlywithzeroinitialasweng)

?-ui(similarto"way")

?-un(asin"fun")

?-uo(asin"war")

?-ü(First,trytopronounce"i",andthenyourtonguestayshere,graduallypurseyourlips.Tryityourself)

?-uan(üfollowedbyan,onlywithinitialsj,q,x)

?-ue/üe()

?-un(üwithn,likeFrenchune)

Rulesofspelling

1.Thefinalsofzhichishirizicisiare"i".

2.Asforfinalsbeginningwith"i"withoutinitials:

Ifthereisnoothervowel,justadd'y'tothebeginning:yī,yīn,yīng.

Ifthereisanothervowelorothervowels,remove'i'andadd'y'tothebeginning:ya(-ia);ye(-ie);yao(-iao);you(-iou);yang(-iang);yong(-iong)3.ASforfinalsbeginningwith'u'withoutinitials:

Ifthereisnoothervowel,justadd'w'tothebeginning:wu

Ifthereisanothervowelorothervowels,remove'u'and'w'tothebeginning:wa(-ua);wo(-uo);wan(-uan);wang(-uang);weng(-ueng);wai(-uai);wei(-uei);wen(-uen).

4.Whenyouseejqxyinitialgoeswithü,youcanseeu.Forexample,Ju;quan;xue;yu;yue;yuan;yun.

5.Tonemarksaremarkedonthevowels'aoeiuü'accordingtotheorder.Forexample,kāizhāo.Whenthetonemarkisonan'i',thedotonthe'i'shouldbeomitted.Forexample,jīn,tì,zhǐ.

ASforfinalsiuandui,wealwaysputthetonemarksonthelatter.Forexample,diūniúhuī

TONES

1.Definition

Chineseistonelanguage.BytonelanguageImeanthelanguageinwhicheverywordhasitsspecifictoneortones.

2.Importance

Tonescandistinguishmeanings.Differenttoneshavedifferentmeanings.Forexample,thetwopinyinhavethesameinitialandfinal.Theyaredifferentonlyintones.Forexample,mǎiandmài,māandmǎ.

mǎiisthethirdtoneandmeanstobuy.

màiisthefourthtoneandmeanstosell.

3.AvividillustrationofChinesetones.(pitchgraphofthe4tones)

Thetonemarks:motherYes?(notfound)Yes!What!

Inordertogiveyouabetterunderstanding,Iwillshareyouapitchgraphsothatyouwillknowwhatistonelikevividly.

55555

44

33

22

111

Thebiggerthenumber,thehigherthepitch.Thefirsttoneisnumber5.Thesecondtoneisfromnumber3tonumber5.Thethirdtoneisfromnumber2to1andthengoesfromnumber1tonumber2to4.Thefourth

toneisfromnumber5tonumber1.

4.Wheretoplacetonemarks?

Generally,putitonthemajorvowelofthe"final".Thenwhat'sthemajorvowels?It'sthatonethatappearsaheadaccordingtotheorder"aoeiuü".

Eg.mǎikāizhāoxièdōu

5.Theneutraltone/lighttone/toneless

Somewordshaveunstressedsyllableswhichonetonelessandthereforetheyarenotgiventonemarks.Eg....

6.Howdoweknowawordistheneutraltone?

①Structuralwordslikeparticlesarealsooftenunstressedandsimilarlyunmarked.Eg.de(的)le(了)ma(嗎)

②Whenweaddressothers,some

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