VLC組播串流實驗記錄(帶Mac及PC的VLC詳細設置截圖)

實驗拓撲拓撲如上：PC1作為組播源（安裝VLC），PC3作為組播接收者（安裝VLC）。經過試驗驗證，組播地址為226.1.1.1或者239.1.1.1都可以正常工作。注意事項組播服務器的版本最好是0.8.6B版本（此版本也可以在win7,64bit版本上使用），此版本最大的問題是不能循環(huán)播放。最新的版本2.2.1版本性能有問題，背靠背測試都存在花屏的現象（開不開轉碼都會花屏），幾乎不能用。視頻格式需要使用avi格式的視頻文件，其它類型問題會卡。這個現象和VLC軟件相關。需要修改TTL值，跨網段組播時，最好修改為100以上。2.2.1的VLC版本需要設置TTL值才能跨網段組播。（2.2.1版本類似MAC的設置，詳見3.4.1的詳細設置）MAC電腦版本的VLC也可以實現類似功能，詳細設置請見3.4節(jié)。實驗記錄VLC的設置(0.8.6b版本)軟件版本：服務器端最好使用0.8.6b版本，客戶端使用2.2.1.0版本.我在實驗時，客戶端使用0.8.6b的版本我這里出現了只有聲音，沒有圖像的問題，但是換成2.2.1.0版本就沒有問題。沒有深究，估計是VLC解碼上的問題。使用新版本2.2.1.0作為客戶端就行了。PC機VLC組播源端（服務器端）詳細設置過程PC3打開VLC軟件之前，R3并沒有組播組記錄。打開VLC并且接收組播流后，VLC軟件將會發(fā)出IGMP加入報文關閉VLC軟件，將會受到離開組播組的報文使用向導創(chuàng)建組播串流視屏文件的格式必須選擇AVI格式。如果沒有響應格式的視屏，請使用格式工廠軟件來轉換視屏格式。此處的TTL設置非常重要。串流后查看媒體信息統(tǒng)計，可以看到組播數據的流量大小。（服務器端和客戶端都可以查看，客戶端沒有串流的統(tǒng)計信息）下圖是服務器端的信息。PC機VLC組播接收端（客戶端）詳細設置過程設置組播地址和端口號服務器端的一致。以下是0.8.6b版本的設置方法。0.8.6b版本的UDP端口號默認是1234.路由器配置參數R1：R2：R3R1：R2：R3：注明：此處設置R2為網絡的RP地址。SPT切換如上配置為默認SPT切換閾值，默認是直接切換?？梢栽O置為不切換。當前轉發(fā)樹為SPT。從信息上可以看出，RPT樹已經被剪枝，已經切換為SPT樹。R3#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal1(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(*,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:18:45RP:2.2.2.2RPFnbr:23.0.0.2RPFidx:gigaethernet1Flags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:gigaethernet0Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:05:21KATtime:00:02:10RPFnbr:13.0.0.1RPFidx:gigaethernet2SPTbit:TRUEFlags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigaethernet0Packetcount275961(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:05:21RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPTJOINDESIREDPRUNEDESIREDRPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:PRUNEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigaethernet0R1上的組播路由表：R1#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal0(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:29:08KATtime:00:00:38RPFnbr:0.0.0.0RPFidx:NoneSPTbit:TRUEFlags:JOINDESIREDCOULDREGISTERUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet200:15:23/00:03:08Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigabitethernet2Packetcount646014(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:29:08RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:RPTNOTJOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:R2：RP上顯示已經剪枝掉RPT，以下是截圖和顯示的全部信息R2#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal1(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(*,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:40:22RP:2.2.2.2RPFnbr:0.0.0.0RPFidx:NoneFlags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet100:40:22/00:03:08Assertedinterfacelist:(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:01:43KATtime:00:02:57RPFnbr:12.0.0.1RPFidx:gigabitethernet0SPTbit:TRUEFlags:UpstreamState:NOTJOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:Packetcount1(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:01:43RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPTJOINDESIREDPRUNEDESIREDRPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:PRUNEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet100:01:43/00:03:08Outgoinginterfacelist:設置接收端DR設備不切換到SPT。R1是源端路由器，沒有*，G表項，就是說沒有共享樹，只有SPT?？梢钥吹綇腉0口（與R2相連）加入的SPT樹。R1#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal0(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:05:16KATtime:00:02:29RPFnbr:0.0.0.0RPFidx:NoneSPTbit:TRUEFlags:JOINDESIREDCOULDREGISTERUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet000:05:16/00:03:14Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigabitethernet0Packetcount151501(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:05:16RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:RPTNOTJOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:R2是RP?？梢钥吹絉2上既有SPT樹，也有RPT樹。R2#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal1(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(*,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:13:04RP:2.2.2.2RPFnbr:0.0.0.0RPFidx:NoneFlags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet100:13:04/00:03:26Assertedinterfacelist:(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:13:01KATtime:00:03:30RPFnbr:12.0.0.1RPFidx:gigabitethernet0SPTbit:TRUEFlags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigabitethernet1Packetcount293842(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:13:04RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPTJOINDESIREDPRUNEDESIREDRPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:PRUNEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigabitethernet1R3是接收者端路由器，其上只有RPT樹。即，只有*，G表項R3#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal1(*,G)entryTotal0(S,G)entryTotal0(S,G,rpt)entryTotal1FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(*,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:17:05RP:2.2.2.2RPFnbr:23.0.0.2RPFidx:gigaethernet1Flags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:gigaethernet0Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:FCR:Source:10.0.0.2Uptime:00:08:18KATtime:00:02:54Outgoinginterfacelist:gigaethernet0Packetcount443586設置接收端DR設備要切換到SPT。R1上可以看到有源樹，其從G2口（與R3相連）加入，R1#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal0(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:05:38KATtime:00:02:42RPFnbr:0.0.0.0RPFidx:NoneSPTbit:TRUEFlags:JOINDESIREDCOULDREGISTERUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet200:01:53/00:02:37Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:gigabitethernet2Packetcount335880(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:05:38RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:RPTNOTJOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:R2為RP，R2上可以看到RPT已經切換，R2#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal1(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(*,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:11:53RP:2.2.2.2RPFnbr:0.0.0.0RPFidx:NoneFlags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet100:11:53/00:02:37Assertedinterfacelist:(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:10:51KATtime:00:03:23RPFnbr:12.0.0.1RPFidx:gigabitethernet0SPTbit:TRUEFlags:UpstreamState:NOTJOINEDLocalinterfacelist:Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:Outgoinginterfacelist:Packetcount0(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1,rpt)Uptime:00:10:51RP:2.2.2.2Flags:RPTJOINDESIREDPRUNEDESIREDRPFSGRPTXGEQUALUpstreamState:PRUNEDLocalinterfacelist:Prunedinterfacelist:gigabitethernet100:10:51/00:02:37Outgoinginterfacelist:R3為接收端路由器，可以看到已經切換為SPT。R3#showippimmrouteIPMulticastRoutingTable:PIMVRFName:DefaultTotal0(*,*,RP)entryTotal1(*,G)entryTotal1(S,G)entryTotal1(S,G,rpt)entryTotal0FCRentryUptimer/Expirytimer(*,239.1.1.1)Uptime:01:02:35RP:2.2.2.2RPFnbr:23.0.0.2RPFidx:gigaethernet1Flags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:gigaethernet0Joinedinterfacelist:Assertedinterfacelist:(10.0.0.2,239.1.1.1)Uptime:00:02:35KATtime:00:02:25RPFnbr:13.0.0.1RPFidx:gigaethernet2SPTbit:TRUEFlags:JOINDESIREDUpstreamState:JOINEDLocalinterfacelist:J