有機含氮化合物1課件

Chapter13OrganicCompoundsContainingNitrogen有機含氮化合物硝基化合物酰胺腈肟胺重氮和偶氮化合物

含氮有機物硝基化合物NitroCompunds酰胺Amides腈Nitriles肟Oximes胺Amines重氮和偶氮化合物DiazoniumSalts&AzocompoundsAmine(胺)NH3胺(Amine)銨銨鹽(AmmoniumSalt)氨(Ammonia)季胺鹽(QuaternaryAmmoniumSalt)根據(jù)N上所連烴基的數(shù)目RNH2R2NHR3NR4N+1°胺（伯胺）PrimaryAmines2°胺（仲胺）SecondaryAmines3°胺（叔胺）TertiaryAmines4°胺（季銨鹽)QuaternaryAmmoniumSaltClassification&Naming根據(jù)分子中胺基的數(shù)目一元胺多元胺胺的分級與鹵代烴、醇不同！(CH3)3C-OH3°醇(CH3)3C-NH21°胺Classification&Naming3o鹵代烴(CH3)2NHdimethylamineaniline苯胺N-methylanilineCH3-NH2methylamine甲（基）胺CH3CH2NH2ethylamine乙胺Classification&Naming3-胺甲基-2-N,N-二甲胺基己烷C6H5NH3+Cl-氯化苯銨Classification&Naming3-(N-乙胺基)庚烷2-氨基乙醇-(N-甲胺基)丙酸對氨基苯磺酸氯化四甲銨硫酸乙銨SP3SP3“SP2”Structure&Isomerism胺的對映體的轉(zhuǎn)變構(gòu)型翻轉(zhuǎn)，能壘較低，翻轉(zhuǎn)速度較快N上不同的取代手性氮對映異構(gòu)體？—自動外消旋化，不可拆分Structure&Isomerism三.PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyNucleolicSubstitution1、胺的烷基化1°胺2°胺3°胺4°胺反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物復(fù)雜如何控制產(chǎn)物在1°胺？采用該法合成胺，哪一種鹵代烷不適用？芳香胺PreparationofAamines3、Gabriel合成法制備1°胺2、芳香鹵代烴的胺解PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyReduction1.硝基化合物1°胺2.腈3.酰胺4.肟5.AlkylAzide疊氮物PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyRearrangements1、HofmannRearrangements（Hofmann重排，降解）異氰酸酯機理PreparationofAaminesR-2-甲基丁酰胺R-2-甲基丁胺三元環(huán)過渡態(tài)構(gòu)型保持SN2StereochemistryPreparationofAamines2、Curtius&Schmi