英語詞匯學作業(yè)答案

1、Americanwomenweretherighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.A. ignoredB. neglectedC. deniedD. refusedcushion”.2、Theantonymofsoftisin“avoice”andin“acushion”.A.rough,hardB.rough,roughC.hard,roughD.hard,hard3、Thefigureofspeechemployedin“Myfatherisasanitaryengineer”isA.hyperboleB.euphemismC.litotesD.metonymyMrs.Smithisafraidthatsheandherhusbanddon,tseeonNewYearResolutions.A.facetofaceB.eyetoeyeC.backtobackD.hearttoheart5、Amongthesynonymousgroup,oldman,daddy,dad,fatherandmaleparent,wouldmostprobablyusedbyalawyerinthecourt.6、1.A.dad2.B.oldman3.C.father4.D.maleparentOurteacherisnownotwithus.Aha!Whentheisaway,thewillplay.4.7、1.A.tiger,monkeys2.B.cat,mice3.C.hawk,birdsD.old,youngIcouldgiveanopinion.,butIwouldratherthinkaboutit.1.A.offthesleeve2.B.offthecuffs3.C.offthecuff4.D.offthesleeves8、Chokedtraffichasbeena(n)tourbantransportationsystem.1.A.archenemy2.B.primaryenemy3.C.mainenemy4.D.majorenemy1.9、Whichoneofthefollowingabbreviationsmeans“andsoon”？1.A.i.e.B. e.g.C. etc.D. viz.10、“ex-”inex-husbandreadsandmeans.A./iks/,“out”B. /iks/,“former”C. /eks/,“out”D. /eks/,“former”11、Ourworkcallsformutualsupport.Weshouldn,teachother'sefforts.1.A.activate2.B.interact3.C.counteract4.D.active1.A.activate2.B.interact3.C.counteract4.D.active12、IamnotsurewhetherIshouldflytoLondonortakethetrain.I’mreallycaughtbetweentwoA.choicesB.optionstwoA.choicesB.options3.C.alternatives3.C.alternativesD.stools13、Hey!Don,tsitthereandcountyour.Youneedtoworkreallyhard.A.chickenB.chickensC.duckD.ducks14、Thefigureofspeechemployedin“Thepastisabucketofashes“isA.metaphorB.euphemismC.ironyD.litotes15、Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheersfromit.1.A.brokeup2.B.brokeforth3.C.brokethrough4.D.breakupon16、personanongratmeans.A.someonewhoisnotacceptableorwelcomeB.someonewhoisslimC.someonewhodoesnottaketheleadingroleD.someonewhohasgraduatedwithnodegree17、Thefigureofspeechemployedin“Ihaven'tseenyouforages"is,A.metaphorB.hyperboleC.ironyD.metonymy18、Communicationistheprocessofamessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.A.transmittingB.submittingC.transformingD.switching19、Johnsonhadalreadyinanintimatebook.A.thrownoutthebeansB.thrownouthisbeansC.spilledthebeansD.spilledhisbeans20、Freemedicaltreatmentinthiscountrycoverssicknessofmindaswellassicknesses.A.normalB.ordinaryC.averageD.regular21、ForanEnglishword,theshiftofstressmayindicateachangeofpartofspeech;exportisaperfectexampleT22、dies,died,dying,dead,etc.aredifferentwordformsofthesamelexemeDIE.F23、ThefigurativeuseofwordsisanimportantcauseforwordstodevelopnewmeaningsT24、Anidiomissemanticallyintegrated,thusanidiomcannotbeunderstoodevenifyouknowallitscomponentsFInthesentence,“Morehandsareneededonthefarm”,metonymyisemployedT26、air-conditionerisawordderivedfromadding-ertoair-conditionF27、houseisthesuperordinateofwall,roof,floor,etc.F28、Accordingtocognitivesemantics,ourmindcanbeexploredviathestudyoflinguisticmeaningsT29、WordequivalentsareanecessarypartforlexicologyandallphrasesfallwithintherangeoflexicologyT30、Comparedwithhorse,gee-geeisstylisticallymoreformal.F31、InstandardAmE,theletterrispronouncedwhereveritappearsasinbar,board,park,etcT32、Themostimportantroleforderivationiswordclasstransformation.33、Lexicalsemanticsisnotonlyasubsetoflexicology,butalsoasubsetofsemantics.T34、“sense”,asaterminsemantics,denotestherelationshipbetweenwordswithinlanguage.T36、CelticisabranchoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily.F37、de-urbanizaticiisawordcomposedof5morphemes,allofwhichareboundonesF38、Humanlanguageshaveoriginatedfromhuman,snaturalcriesforpain,angerandjoy,etcF39、Thewordnicehasgonethroughasemanticchangecalled“generalizationF40、Answeringthequestion“Willyoumarryme?”with“Yes,Iwill”,thespeakerisusingsubstitutionF35、Absolutesynonymsarenoteasytofoundinanylanguage41、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.lexemeLexemeisanabstractunitofmeaningwithallitsgrammaticalinflectionalendingswipedout.Mostofthewordslistedinthedictionaryarelexemes42、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.grammarGrammarisasetofrulesorregularitiesappliedtoformcomplexexpressionsviasimplerones.43、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.polysemyPolysemyreferstosemanticphenomenonwhereasinglewordorphrasehasseveralmeanings.44、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.generalizationGeneralizationreferstotheextensionofthewordrange,orthewideningofthesemanticscope.45、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.contextofsituationContextofsituationreferstotheimmediateenvironmentofthetext.46、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.functionwordAfunctionwordisawordthatcontributestothemajorstructureofasentence.Itbelongstotheclose-classelementsofthevocabularyofagivenlanguageinthesensethattheirnumbersissmallandfixed.47、Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.clippingClippingsareformsabbreviatedfromlargerwordsbutshareacommonfunctionwithwordstheyareclippedfrom.Definethefollowingtermandgiveexampleswhenneeded.affixAnaffixisthemorphemeaddedtoarootandcontributestothemeaningofawordasawhole.Forexample,"dis-"in"dishonest"isanaffix.Answerthefollowingquestionwithappropriateillustration.WhatarethecharacteristicsofnativeelementinEnglishvocabulary?Thefollowingarethe7generalcharacteristicsofnative(Aglo-Saxon)elements:All-nationalcharacter.Nativeelementissharedbyallthenativespeakers,regardlessofwhetherheisakingunderthecrown,afishermanontheseaoravagrantonthestreet.Monosyllabicity.MostofthenativeelementinModemEnglishhasonlyonesyllable.e.g.sun,cow,go,run,etc.Productivity.Mostofthenativeelementsaremonosyllabicorrootwordsandaresemanticallybasic.Thus,theyareproductiveinthesensethatclustersofwordsarederivedorcompoundedfromthem.Forexample,thewordhand,hasbroughtsuchderivativesandcompoundsashandy,handle,handkerchief,handiwork,handicraft,handful,handbook,handbarrow,handcuff,etc.Collocationalextensiveness.Thenativeelementhasawiderangeofcollocation.Manynativewordsenterquiteanumberofexpressions,idioms,phrasesandproverbialsayings.Forexample,thewordheelisfoundinthefollowingunits:Achilles,heel(avulnerablepoint),heeloverheadorheadoverheels(upsidedown),coolone,sheels(bekeptwaiting),showacleanpairofheels,taketoone,sheels(runaway),turnonone,sheels(turnsharplyround),etc.Semanticpolysemy.Thenativewordsarehighlypolysemicbecausetheyhavegonethroughsemanticchangesduetotheirfrequentuseindailylife.Forexample,theverbtellconveysthefollowingmeanings:makeknown,express,explain,utter,confideinorder,distinguish,count,reveal,scold,etc.High-frequencyvalue.Thenativeelementformsthebulkofthemostfrequentelementsusedinanystyleofspeech.Everywriterusesconsiderablymorenativewordsthanborrowedones.Corpusinvestigationsshowthatabout90percentofthewordsinShakespeare,sworksand94percentofwordsinKingJamesBiblearenativewords.Stylisticneutrality.Mostnativewordsarestylisticallyneutralandareequallyfittobeusedinalecture,apoem,orwhenspeakingtoachild.Thiscanbeobservedbyasimplecomparison,forexamplebegin(neutral)mence(formal).Answerthefollowingquestionwithappropriateillustration.Whatisthecontextanditsroleinshapingwordmeaning?Wordmeaningissensitivetocontext,speakersandhearersusuallyrelyheavilyoncontextinconstructingandinterpretingwordmeaning.Contextualinformationcanexerttwomajoreffects.Morespecifically,itinfluencestheinterpretationofaword,ontheonehand,andspeedsuplexicalaccess,ontheother.Inmostcases,thecontextualaspectplaysacrucialroleinrecognizingthespecificmeaningofaword.Contexthasthecrucialroletoresolveambiguity.e.g.Pleasegivemeahamburger,acupofcola,andsomechips.[asmallpieceofwood,thepotatochip,orelectroniccircuit]Isawatattooofdragononthebackofthatnakedyoungguy,ThebigJohnhasbeenaccustomedtotheconstanttattoos,Hearingthesoundoftattoo,soldiersreturnedtothequarterasquicklyaspossible.[tattoo1asignalsoundedonadrumorbugletosummonsoldiersorsailorstotheirquartersatnight;tattoo2adisplayofmilitaryexercisesofferedaseveningentertainment;tattoo3adesignthatisdrawnonsomeone'sskinusingneedlestomakelittleholesandfillingthemwithcoloreddye.]Contextgivesrisetothejokingeffectofpuns.e.g.A:Whycan,tabicyclestandonitsown?B:Becauseitistwo-tired.[athickpieceofrubberofvehicles,tohavingusedalotofenergyandwantingarest]Contextisbeneficialtotheunderstandingofdeixis.Therearethreemajorkindsofdeixis,thatis,persondeixis(I,you,we),spatialdeixis(here,there),andtemporaldeixis(now,yesterday).e.g.Ididn,tseeheryesterday.Itonlywiththecontextualinformationcanthereaderknowwhomthepersonaldeixisherrefersto.Andthesameisthecasewiththedeixisesinthefollowingexample:OnlycontextualinformationcanprovidescluestotheunderstandingofI,herandyesterday.51、TranslatethefollowingintoChineseandpayspecialattentiontotheboldtypedpart.Hisbehaviormeansthatyoushouldstayabitlonger他的行為表明，你得再呆一段時間。52、TranslatethefollowingintoChineseandpayspecialattentiontotheboldtypedpart.Braveitout,nomatterhowdifficultitis.無論那有多困難，你都應勇敢面對。53、TranslatethefollowingintoChineseandpayspecialattentiontotheboldtypedpart.Let’scashinonthefineweatheran