2023屆上海市高三高考最后沖刺卷二英語(yǔ)試卷帶參考答案和解析

passagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordtfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheerblanksuseonewordthatbestfitseachblank(Everyyearonmybirthday,fromthetimeIturned12,awhitegardeniaecamewithitdeDacquire案】【1】D【2】A【3】C【4】B【5】C【6】B【7】C【8】B【9】A【10】B【11】C【12】A【13】D【14】C【15】B【解析】【1】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，也是最明顯的，新生兒是無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；D.helpless無(wú)助的。根據(jù)后文drawattentionontheir【2】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：除了利用聲音來(lái)引起人們對(duì)無(wú)助感【3】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒(méi)有其他人類的關(guān)愛(ài)，不管是【4】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人類嬰兒的這種無(wú)助與許多新生動(dòng)來(lái)，并在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就能與獸群一起奔跑。A.possibility可能性；B.ofbirthandrunwiththeherdwithinafewhours可知此處指的是新生【5】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人類嬰兒的這種無(wú)助與許多新生動(dòng)svancewiththe可知文章在將新生動(dòng)物和人類嬰兒進(jìn)行比較。故此處是與人guard【9】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：正是在人類嬰兒完全依賴他人的有的第二個(gè)特征，即學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的能力。A.dependent依賴；B.humaninfants嬰兒共有arnandusepartoftheirnormal可知人類嬰兒被設(shè)計(jì)成能學(xué)習(xí)和使用語(yǔ)言，這是Aknight(騎士)wasamountedwarriorofmedievalEuropewhoservedtakenquiteseriouslyandhadtobeearned.Atabouttheageofeight,aboywouldbegintraininginpreparationforwithmentorstolearnabouthorses,armor,andweapons.PagespracticedfightingwithaswordagainstawoodenstakeandlearnedtolyuseabowandarrowTheladyofthecastletaughtayoungpageaboutmannersandsocialgracesaswellashowtosing,playinstruments,anddance.Apriestmightgiveapagereligioustrainingandteachhimtoreadandwrite.Bytheageoffourteen,thepagewouldbecomeasquire(騎士的隨從).Asquirewasresponsiblefordressingaknightforbattlesandtournamentsandtakingcareoftheknightarmorandweapons.HewouldevenfollowhismasteronthebattlefieldtootecthimiftheknightfellAsquirehadtogainskillinusingalance(長(zhǎng)矛),spear,orsword,sohewouldpracticeagainstawoodendummycalledaquintain(矛靶).Thequintainandashieldwerehungonawoodenpole,andwhenhit,thewholestructurewouldspin.ThesquirewouldlearntorideupandhitterbutthenquicklymoveoutofthewaywithoutgettingkedoffhishorsebythequintainAtaboutagetwenty,asquirewasfinallypreparedtobecalledaknight,whichinvolvedanextendedceremony.Ontheeveningbeforebecomingaknightthesquireconfessedhissinstoapriest,wasgivenasymbolicordertocleansehissoulThesquirewoulddressallinwhiteandstayinachapelallnightprayingandwatchingoverhisInthemorning,thesquirewoulddressinsymbolically-coloredclothing:redforhisblood,whiteforpurity,andbrownforhisreturntotheearthafterdeath.Atthisceremony,theknightworeacodeofchivalry,whichrequiredhimalwaystobebrave,loyal,courteous,andtoprotectthendthenewknightwastappedontheshouldersorneckwiththeflatsideofthesword.bestrippedofhisknighthoodinanotherceremony,inwhichhewas14buried.IntheMiddleAges,aknightwithouthonorwasconsideredasgoodasdead.sibilitiesofasquireB.LookingafterweaponsandlearningmannersfromtheLadyofthecastle.eunderlinedwordchivalrymeanA.Thenoblespiritaknightpossesses.B.Thetoughtaskaknighthastofinish.C.Thehighgoalaknightmustachieve.D.ThemilitarydisciplineaknightwhatwouldhappenAHewouldbesentencedtodeathB.Hewouldberobbedofhistitle.】Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?】【1】D【2】A【3】B【4】B】aknightforbattlesandtournamentsandtakingcareoftheknightarmorandweapons.Hewouldevenfollowhismasteronthebattlefieldto神，這要求他總是勇敢，忠誠(chéng)，禮貌，保護(hù)手無(wú)寸鐵的人。anotherceremony,inwhichhewas14buried.可知如果這位新騎士違【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段AknightwasamountedwarriorofmedievalEuropewhoservedakingorotherfeudalsuperior,usuallyinreturnforland.KnighthoodwastakenquiteseriouslyandhadtobeModemtechnologyallowsscientiststolookinsidealivinghumanbraintoseewhatishappening.Theseproceduresaresafeandpainless.Bytorsandscientistsarebetterabletoassessthebrainbehaviorduringtimesofinjury,disease,andmentalillness.CTorCATscans:Computedtomography(CT)orcomputerizedaxialtomography(CAT)showsimagesofthebrainbypassingmultipleX-raybeamsthroughthebraintissue.CTorCATscansshowacross-sectionofrainThesescanscanbeusedtofindbraintumorscausetheatomsofthebraintoshake,MRIsensorspickupthesignalsemitted(Hi)fromthebrain5satomsandacomputerinterpretsthemasapicture,MRIsshowmoredetailthanCTorCATscanscan.TheyareespeciallyusefulinfindingbraintumorsthatgrowonthebackoftheeentheearsPETscans:Positronemissiontomography(PET)isdifferentfromotherscansbecauseitshowshowthebrainfunctions.Afterapersonbloodstreamisinjectedwithasmalldoseofglucose(葡萄糖),whichiswhatgivesthebrainenergy,scannersaroundtheheaddetectwheretheglucosemoves.ThePETscanshowswhichpartofthebrainusesalotofglucose,whicharethemoreactiveparts.PETscansarehelpfulfordiagnosingstrokes,studyingmentalillness,andlearninghowthebrainprocesseslanguage.【1】Howcandoctorsandscientistsunderstandthebrain’sreactiontoesstingcomparingitwithnormalbrainactivitiesedfromthebrainatomsrdiagnosingbraintumorsnwilladoctor【1】A【2】C【3】C【解析】activity,doctorsandscientistsarebetterabletoassessthebrainbehaviorduringtimesofinjury,disease,andmentalillness.可知通過(guò)了ofthebrain.Thesescanscanbeusedtofindbraintumors.(CT或CAT掃描顯示大腦的橫截面。這些掃描可以用來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)腦瘤)以及第三段中MRIsshowmoredetailthanCTorCATscanscan.Theyareespeciallyusefulinfindingbraintumorsthatgrowonthebackofthebrain,們?cè)诎l(fā)現(xiàn)生長(zhǎng)在大腦后部、兩耳之間的腦瘤時(shí)特別有用)由此可知，strokes,studyingmentalillness,andlearninghowthebrainprocessesbrainprocesseslanguagePET精神疾Innovationiskeytobusinesssurvival,andcompaniesputsubstantialesourcesintoinspiringemployeestodevelopnewideasbutnotnecessarilysucceed.Andtherearethosewhodon’thaveabudget,oryonereasonthatcompaniesdon’tsucceedasoftenastheyshouldisthatinnovationstartswithrecruitment.Researchshowsthatthefitbetweencontributiontheymakeandwhether,twoyearsaftertheyjoin,they’reyOneofthemostfamousphotographsinthestoryofrock’n’rollPerkins,JohnnyCashandJerryLeeLewisjammingatapianoinSunStudiosinMemphistellsahiddenstory.Sun’smillion-dollarquartet(四重唱)couldhavebeenaquintet(五重唱).MissingfromthepictureisoownedSunwantedtorevolutionizepopularmusic.AllofthemexceptOrbisonbelievedinit.Orbisonwasn’tinspiredbythegoal,andonlyeverachievedonehitwiththeSunlabel.believesthatthefollowtheleadersyndromeisdangerousnotleastbecauseitencouragesbossestogoitalone.“It’sbeenscientificallyproventhatthreepeoplewillbebetterthanoneatsolvingproblems,evenifthatonepersonisthesmartestpersoninthefield.ToinicitesaninterviewwithmolecularbiologistJamesntogetherwithFrancisCrickdiscoveredthestructureofDNAWhenaskedhowtheyhadcrackedthecodeaheadofotherhighlyrivalinvestigators,hesaidsomethingthatsurprisedme.HesaidheandCrickhadsucceededbecausetheywereawarethattheyweren’tthemostintelligentofthescientistspursuingtheanswer.ThesmartestscientistwascalledRosalindFranklinwhoWatsonsaidwassoghtadviceManytheoristbelievetheidealbossshouldleadfrombehind,takingtwhereitisdueCialdinisays,”Leadersshouldencourageeveryonetocontributeandassureallconcernedthateveryrecommendationisimportanttomakingtherightdecisionandwillbegivenfullattention,Amanagerwhowantstocreateatrulyinnovativeculturecanmaketheirjobaloteasierbyesepsychologicalrealitiestetunderlinesthewriterspointabout____.【2】JamesWatsonsuggeststhatheandFrancisCrickwontheraceto【3】Inthelastparagraph,thewritersuggeststhatitisimportantforemployeesto__________.ngisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage【1】C【2】A【3】D【4】Bncontributiontheymakeandwhether,twoyearsaftertheyjoin,they’reThe1956pictureofsingersElvisPresley,CarlPerkins,JohnnyCashandJerryLeeLewisjammingatapianoinSunorySunsmilliondollarquartetcouldhavebeenaquintet.MissingfromthepictureisRoyOrbison,arevolutionizepopularmusic.AllofthemexceptOrbisonbelievedinit.Orbisonwasn’tinspiredbythegoal,andonlyeverachievedonehitwithPhillips想要徹底改變流行音樂(lè)。除了Orbison，所有人都相信它。Orbison并沒(méi)有被這個(gè)目標(biāo)所鼓舞，他只在太陽(yáng)品牌下取得過(guò)一次成【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中HesaidheandCrickhadsucceededbecausetheywereawarethattheyweren’tthemostintelligentofthe【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Cialdinisays,“Leadersshouldencourageeveryonetocontributeandassureallconcernedthateveryrecommendationisimportanttomakingtherightdecisionandwillbegivenfullattention,Amanagerwhowantstocreateatrulyinnovative將得到充分重視,一個(gè)經(jīng)理想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)真正創(chuàng)新的文化可以使他們【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段ForRobertB.Cialdini,ProfessorofPsychologyatArizonaStateUniversity,onereasonthatcompaniesdon’tsucceedasoftenastheyshouldisthatinnovationstartswithrecruitment.Researchshowsthatthefitbetweenanemployee’svaluesandacompany’svaluesmakesadifferencetowhatcontributiontheyDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.NotethattherearetwoneedManypeoplegothroughlife’susualphasesofupsanddowns,whicharemalstagesinlifebutwhenyourselfesteemislowyoumayneedtoknowhowtoboostyourself-esteem,sinceitcanleadtoSelf-esteemplaysakeyroleinthematurityofaperson,especiallywhentryingtogetawayfromadangeroussituation,goingthroughaseriesoforspecificistdownallthingsyouaregoodatdoingandachieving,beitatalent,skill,sportorbuildingupotherpeople.Youcanaddmorefocustothesegoodpointsandfuelyourpassiontodobetterandmakeyounotonlyunderstandyourselfmore,butalsogiveyouthetruemeaningandmeasurementofselfworthandthisishowouseeyourselfasimportantperspectivefromothers,don’tfocustoomuchonmakingsurethatwhatWhenyouhavegoodself-esteemyouwillrealizethatwhatyoudidwasrightandwasmadeunderyourownfoodjudgment,soundprinciplesfeDonotletnegativefeedbackaffectyou.Ofcourse,onecannothelpbutrtolookatyourselfandsee,andifyoufeellessimportantorarenotsatisfiedwithhowyouseeandlookatthings,thenthinkaboutwaysonritA.Itisyouyourselfnotanybodyelsethatcanbuildupcorrectself-esteem.B.LetustrytolookintosomeofthecommonandbestpracticeswhichC.Moreoftentimesitwillnot,butdon’tletthatcloudyourperceptionD.Nowthatwe’vecoveredthoseaspectsofself-esteem,let’sturntosthatneedtobeconsideredoworkharderandbettertoityasapersonF.Whenyourself-esteemishigh,youarelesslikelytobeaffectedbythesesituations.【答案】【1】B【2】E【3】C【4】F【解析】【1】本句為第二段最后一句，有啟示后文的作用，結(jié)合后文主要提B看一些已經(jīng)嘗試和測(cè)試過(guò)的幫助提升自尊的常見(jiàn)和最佳做法”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，gtolookforspecifictasksyoudidwellforthatdayandcongratulateyourselfforit.可知每天都要贊美自己，特別是要努力尋找你當(dāng)天做得好的具項(xiàng)“它會(huì)給你一個(gè)經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)力，讓你更加努力，更好地提高自己，【3】根據(jù)上文Sometimeswhenyoutendtoseethingsinadifferentlightorperspectivefromothers,don’tfocustoomuchonmakingsurethatwhatyouthinkwillcausethingstochange.可知有時(shí)候，當(dāng)你傾向不要讓它影響你對(duì)自己的看法。故C選項(xiàng)“通常情況下不會(huì)，但不要讓它影響你對(duì)自己的看法”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，【4】根據(jù)上文Donotletnegativefeedbackaffectyou.Ofcourse,onecannothelpbutfeelbadaboutnegativecommentsorreactions,butyouhavetoconsiderthatthesearetestsagainstyourcharacterand出現(xiàn)什么樣的情況。故F選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你的自尊心很強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，你就不太短語(yǔ)的指代關(guān)系往往是重要線索，如第二小題，根據(jù)上文Alwayscomplimentyourselfdaily,especiallybytryingtolookforspecifictasksyoudidwellforthatdayandcongratulateyourselfforit.可知每天都要賀自己。由此可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明自我表?yè)P(yáng)的好處，上文中Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Oneday,apoorboywhowastryingtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoortodoorfoundthatheonlyhadonedimeleft.HewasgrysohedecidedtobegforamealatthenexthouseInsteadofamealheaskedforadrinkofwater.Shethoughthelookedhungrysoshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly,andthenasked,“HowmuchdoIoweyou?”“Youdon’towemeanything,’’shereplied.“Motherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness.”Hesaid,“ThenIthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.”AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,henotonlyfeltstrongerphysically,butitalsoincreasedhisfaithinthehumanrace.HeuttogiveupandquitbeforethispointYearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.Thelocaldoctorswerebaffled.Theyfinallysenthertothebigcity,wherespecialistscanbecalledintostudyherraredisease.Dr.HowardKelly,nowfamous,wascalledinfortheconsultation.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,astrangelightfilledhiseyes.Immediately,heroseandwenthospitalhallintoherroomDressedinhisdoctor’sgownhewentintoseeher.Herecognizedheratonce.Hewentbacktotheconsultationroomanddeterminedtodohisbesttosaveherlife.Fromthatdayon,hegavespecialattentiontohercase.Afteralongstruggle,thebattlewaswon.Dr.Kellyrequestedthebusinessofficetopassthefinalbilltohimforapproval.Helookedatitandthenwrotesomethingontheside.Thebillwassenttoherroom.Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewaspositivethatitwouldtakethethebillcaughtherattention.Shereadthesewords“PaidinfullwithareyesLovespreadthroughhumanheartsandhands.【答案】Apoorhungryboyaskedforwaterbutgotmilkfromakind,beautifulyoungwoman.Inspiredbyherkindness,theboyworkedhardandbecameanexcellentdoctor.Yearslaterhesavedthekindwomansufferingfromaseriousillnessandpaidthemedicalbillforher.Thus,heartsandhands【解析】1)細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要記敘2)弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫(xiě)作是寫(xiě)全文概要，不是寫(xiě)某一部分3)列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn)： (1)概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字(3)注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫通全文，切忌只(4)不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能(5)計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthes【2】用戶名和密碼不要經(jīng)常改動(dòng)，否則會(huì)引起不必要的麻煩。(otherwi