制藥廢水處理工藝設計匯總

-.z??ò?·???′|àí1¤ò???×ü???°￡???ò??óòμ?ú1¤òμéú2ú?D2úéúμ?·???òò3é·??′?ó?￠óD?ú??o?á????￠??D?′ó?￠é??èé?oío???á???￡?ì?±eê?éú?ˉD?2??￠?ò??Da??·?μè￡?3é?aê?1ú?ú??è?×??????￠×???′|àíμ?1¤òμ·?????ò??￡±ê??×ü?áá???ò?1¤òμ·???′|àí3￡ó?μ???ê??￡??ò?·???￡?1?????ò?￡??íê???ò?3§?úéú2ú?D3éò??ò?÷ò?ê±?ù2úéúμ?·????￡??ò?·????÷òa°üà¨?1éú??éú2ú￡¨éú????ò?￡?·????￠o?3éò???éú2ú￡¨?ˉ?§??ò?￡?·????￠?D3éò?éú2ú·???ò??°?÷àà???áéú2ú1y3ìμ??′μó??oí3??′·?????′óàà?￡??ò?·???μ?ì?μ?ò???μ?éú2ú1y3ì￡????¨á???ò?·???μ?ì?μ??￡ò???μ?éú2úê?í¨1y?ˉ?§o?3é1¤ò?oíò?ó??2???D·?à?ìá′?μ?μ??-á?ò?￡???òòò?????àà2?í?￡?éú2ú1¤ò?2?í??òá÷3ì?′?ó￡??-?¨2?á???àà?à￡?éú2ú1y3ì???-á?oí?D??ì??êá?????????￡???á???ê??ê??μí￡??±2ú?·?à￡?μ?????ò?·?????óD3é·?2?òì′ó￡?×é·??′?ó￡???è???á??à￡?COD??￡?BOD5oíCODcr±è?μμí?ò2¨?ˉ′ó￡??ééú?ˉD?oü2?￡????μ?a???ê?à￡???D???￡???Da??·?￡???á????ê?°??è???μ???àà2¨?ˉ′óμèì?μ?￡?????àí′?à′á???′óμ?à§???￡??ò?·???μ?×é3é?ò1ú??ò?1¤òμ?÷òa?aéú????ò??￠?ˉ?§??ò?oí?D2Yò?éú2ú￡???ó|×?é???ìáμ?μ??1éú??éú2ú·????￠o?3éò???éú2ú￡¨?ˉ?§??ò?￡?·????￠?D3éò?éú2ú·????￡éú????ò?ê?2éó??￠éú?????÷??óD?ú?-á???DD·￠?í?￠1y???￠ìáá?￡?′ó??éú2ú?÷???1éú???￠°±?ù?á?°ò?D?ò????D??ì?￡??ˉ?§??ò?ê?2éó??ˉ?§·′ó|1¤ò?￡???óD?ú?-á?oí?T?ú?-á?μè??3éò????D??ì??°o?3éò??á￡??D2Yò?éú2úê????D2Yò?2???DD?ó1¤?￠ìáè????á?ò?D3éò?￡?éú2ú1¤ò??÷òa°üà¨?-á?μ??°′|àíoíìáè????á?￡??·???μ?à′?′oí×é3é×ü?áóú??±í?D?￡類型來源組成抗生素生產廢水發(fā)酵濾液、提取的萃余液、蒸餾釜殘液、吸附廢液和導管廢液等主要含菌絲體、剩余營養(yǎng)物質、代產物和有機溶劑等。有機物濃度很高，COD可高達5000～20000mg/L，BOD可達2000～10000mg/L，SS濃度則可到達5000～23000mg/L，TN到達600～1000mg/L合成藥物廢水合成工藝中因反正步驟多、產品轉化率低而造成的原料損失、副產物，有機溶劑等含有種類繁多的有毒有害化學物質，如甾體類化合物、硝基類化合物、苯胺類化合物、哌嗪類和氟、汞、鉻銅及有機溶劑乙醇、苯、氯仿、石油醚等有機物、金屬和廢酸堿等污染物中成藥生產廢水洗滌、煮藥、提純別離、蒸發(fā)濃縮、制劑等工序中所排出清洗廢水、別離水、蒸發(fā)冷凝水、藥液流失水等天然生物有機物，如有機酸、蒽醌、木質素、生物堿、單寧、鞣質、蛋白質、糖類、淀粉等??ò?·???μ??￡o|??ò?·?????è?òò2ú?·?￠?-á??￠1¤ò?·?·¨μ?2?í??????ê?÷òì￡?μ?×üμ?à′?μ￡???ò?·???óD?ú??è???o?á????￠??D????ê?à?￠??éú???μ?a???ê?à?￠o???á???￡?ê?ò????￡o|oü′óμ?1¤òμ·????￡??òa??·??á???·?3?ì3é??′ó?￡o|?￡1?￠??o????Dμ?èü?a??óD?ú???ú??ì??D??DDéú?????ˉ·??aê±￡????á??o????Dμ?èü?a???￡óD?ú??o?á?1y′ó?í?áê1??ì?è±???òí???￡?′ó???ì3é???Do?????éú???àí?￡??á???￠éú??′óá?·±?3￡?è±?????ˉ2úéú?×íé?￠áò?ˉ?a?￠′??￠°±?￠°·μè???ê￡???ò?2?ò?????éúéú??￡?ê1??ì?·￠oú·￠3??￡2?￠???μ??ì?éúì???oa?3D?ò??á?°??o?3éμ??D??ì?íùíù??óDò??¨μ?é±?ú?òò??ú×÷ó?￡?′ó??ó°?ì??ì??D???ú?￠??ààμè?￠éú??μ?D?3?′úD?￡?2￠×??????μ?aò???ì?????μ?éúì??μí3??oa?￡àyè?μ±???Do??à?1???￠???·??oí?è?1??ê±￡??éò????ì??μ?éú3¤?￡3?￠ò???′úD?2ú?????·?3μ???è???ò?·????D??è????????òó???ì??D???ê·￠éú?ˉ?§·′ó|￡?2úéúD?μ???è??￡àyè?￡?????°·àà???êê?ò???????°????￡???ú??·????Dè?1?o?óDíá?1???￠??ào?￠?e??oí°±?ù?￥á?μè???ê￡??ú?áD??é?ê?D?′?éó??????á??×÷ó?2úéú?t?×?ù????°·?￡??ò?·???′|àí??ê???ò?·???3￡ó?μ?′|àí·?·¨?a￡o???ˉ·¨?￠?ˉ?§·¨?￠éú?ˉ·¨?￠????×éo?1¤ò?μè?￡óéóú??ò?·????Do?óD′óá?μ?óD?ú??è???￡??ùò???ò?·???μ????êì?μ?ê1μ??àêy??ò?·???μ￥?à2éó?éú?ˉ·¨′|àí?ù±??T·¨′?±ê￡??ùò??úéú?ˉ′|àí?°±?D???DD±?òaμ??¤′|àí?￡ò?°?ó|éèμ÷?ú3?μ÷?ú???ê??á?oípH￡??ò?ù?Yêμ?ê?é??2éó??3?????ˉ?ò?ˉ?§·¨×÷?a?¤′|àí1¤Dò￡?ò??μμí???Dμ?SS?￠???è?°2?·?COD￡???éù·????Dμ?éú??ò???D????ê￡?2￠ìá??·???μ??é?μ?aD?￡?ò?à?óú·???μ?oóD?éú?ˉ′|àí?￡1?￠???ˉ·¨?ù?Y??ò?·???μ????êì?μ?￡??ú??′|àí1y3ì?DDèòa2éó????ˉ′|àí×÷?aéú?ˉ′|àíμ??¤′|àí?òoó′|àí1¤Dò?￡???°ó|ó?μ????ˉ′|àí·?·¨?÷òa°üà¨?ì?y?￠?????￠?ü???￠′μí??￠μ??a?￠à?×ó????oí?¤·?à?·¨μè?￡?ì?y·¨?ì?y·¨ê????°1ú?úía??±é2éó?μ?ò???′|àí·?·¨￡??ü±?1?·oó?óú??ò?·????¤′|àí?°oó′|àí1y3ì?D￡?í¨1yí??ó?ˉ?§ò??á￡?ê1??2úéú?ü???Doí?￠á￡??μ?oé?￠?1??à?é￠??μ?2???2úéúμ??y??×÷ó?￡????μ·????D?oì?μ??è?¨D?￡?ê1?oì??￠á￡?à?￥??o??￠?ˉ?á￡??ú??á|×÷ó???3áμí?￡??D§?ì?y′|àíμ?1??ü?úóú??μ±μ?????oíí??óD??üó?á?μ??ì?y?á￡?è?áò?á?á?￠??o??è?ˉìú￡¨?á￡??￠??o?áò?áìúoí??o??è?ˉáò?á?áìúμè?￡?ì?y?áμ?·￠?1·??òê?óéμí·?×ó?ò??o???·?×ó·￠?1￡?óé3é·?1|?üμ￥ò?Dí?ò?′o?Dí·￠?1?￡1¤ò?2?êyò??áí??óá?￡oPACí??óá?1~25‰￡?PAMí??óá?2-10mg/L￡??ì?y3áμí·¨?ì?yê±??￡o15~30min￡?3áμíê±??￡o25~55min￡?????·¨·′ó|ê±??￡o5~10min￡?????ê±??￡o10~25min?￡????·¨????·¨￡??íê?ê1·????D?ü1?2úéú×?1?á?μ??￠D????Y?￡ê11ìòo??èy?à??è????ê?üD?3éDü??×′ì?￡??ú±í????á|oí??á|μè×÷ó???￡??￠D????Y?3???úó?±?è￥3yμ???è?????á￡é?￡??3o?ì??ü?èD?óú????é???μ?????￡?′ó??ê1???D??è???±?·?à?è￥3y?￡????·¨í¨3￡°üà¨3????????￠èü???????￠?ˉ?§????oíμ??a????μè?à??D?ê??￡?ú??ò?1¤òμ·???′|àí?D￡??éó?óúè??ì′ó?1???￠íá?1???￠?óμ??1??μè·???μ?′|àí?￡?ü??·¨?ü??·¨??à?ó??à?×D?1ìì??ü??·????D??è???￡?ò???ê??òè￥3y??è???￡?′ó??ê1·???μ?μ????ˉμ?·?·¨?￡3￡ó?μ??ü???áóD??D?ì??￠??D??o?￠?ˉ?3?áàà?￠?ü??ê÷??μè?￡?D3éò??￠?×·???ía?￠???è?eí′?￠?à?1???￠??èè?￠í′?￠??éú??B6μè2úéúμ?·???3￡ó??o?ò?ò??D?ì??ü??×÷?¤′|àí?￡μ??a·¨μ??a·¨ê?ó?μ??aμ??-àí￡?ê1±??-·????DóDo|???êí¨1yμ??a1y3ì?ú???￠ò?á???é?·?±e·￠éú???ˉoí?1?-·′ó|×a?ˉ3é?a?To|???ê?￡μ??a·¨?éò???±?·????DóD?ú??è???μ?D??êoí?á11￡???óD??D§?￠ò×2ù×÷μèó?μ?￡?í?ê±ó?óDoüo?μ?í?é?oíìá???ééú?ˉD?μ?D§1??￡àyè?2éó?μ??a·¨?¤′|àío?????é???òo￡?COD?￠SSoíé??èμ?è￥3y?ê·?±e′?μ?71%?￠83%oí67%0?￡?¤·?à??¤·?à?·¨????ê?°ü਷′é?í??￠?é???¤?￠?????¤?￡ó?μ?ê??ú2úéú?·?3D§ò?μ?í?ê±ó??é??ê?óDó????ê￡?éè±??òμ￥?￠2ù×÷·?±??￠′|àíD§?ê???￠?ú???ü?′?￡′μí?·¨μ±°±μa?¨?è′ó′ó3?1y?￠éú???êDíμ??¨?èê±￡??ú2éó?éú??′|àí1y3ì?D￡??￠éú??êüμ?NH3-Nμ?ò???×÷ó?￡???ò?è?μ?á?o?μ?′|àíD§1??￡??°±í?μaíùíùê?·???′|àíD§1?o??μμ?1??ü?￡òò′??ú??ò?1¤òμ·???′|àí?D￡?3￡ó?′μí?·¨à′?μμí°±μao?á?￡?è?òò°·μa??ía·???μ???°±í?μa?￡??ê?êêó?D?êêó?óúNH3-N?¨?è??óú5000mg/Lμ?·????￡′μí?D§1???pH?μé?éy??ìá??￡?????μíê±′μí?D§1?μí?￡?éDD1¤ò?2?êyí￡á?ê±??0.5??1.5h￡?pH8~11￡??t??6?×ê±￡???òo±è2200??2300￡?2????ooé?ê≤180m3/m2·d?￡??è????÷??oí??·?°±μaè￥3y?ê60-90%?￡2?￠?ˉ?§·¨2éó??ˉ?§·?·¨ê±￡??3D?ê??á1yá??áμ?????ì??t′???è?￡?òò′??úéè???°ó|×?o??àó|êμ?é?D??1¤×÷￡??ò?ˉ?§ò??·°o1ó?￡?ˉ?§·¨?÷òaóDìúì?μ??a·¨?￠3??????ˉ·¨oíFentonê??á·¨?￡ìúì??￠μ??a·¨ìúì?·¨ê??ú2?í¨μ?μ??é????￡?à?ó?ì?3??ú·????Dμ??￠μ??a2?á?×?éí2úéú1.2Vμ???2???·?????DDμ??a′|àí￡?ò?′?μ??μ?aóD?ú??è???μ???μ??￡ò?Fe-C×÷?a??ò?·???μ??¤′|àí2??è￡???3???μ??ééú?ˉD??é′ó′óìá???￡3??????ˉ·¨3???±?è??aê?ò???óDD§μ????ˉ?áoí?????á￡???óDoü??μ????ˉ?üá|￡?2éó?3??????ˉ??ê?′|àíóD?ú·???￡???óD·′ó|?ù?è?ì?￠?T?t′???è?μèó?μ??￡?üìá???1éú??·???μ?BOD￡ˉCOD￡?ìá??·???μ??ééú?ˉD?￡?í?ê±??CODóD??o?μ?è￥3y?ê?￡1¤ò?2?êy3???í??óá?20~30mg/L￡??ó′￥ê±??1~2h?￡??è????÷???°??·??ééú?ˉD??éìá??μ?BOD5/COD>0.3￡?CODè￥3y?ê?é′?50%?￡Fentonê??á′|àí·¨??ìú??oí??????μ?×éo?3??aFentonê??á￡??ü?üóDD§è￥3y′?í3·???′|àí??ê??T·¨è￥3yμ????μ?aóD?ú???￡??×??D??μ?é?è?￡?ó?°?×?ía1a￡¨UV￡??￠2Y?á??￡¨C2O42-￡?μèòyè?Fentonê??á?D￡?ê1?????ˉ?üá|′ó′ó?ó???￡??·?·¨éè±??òμ￥￡?ò×óúêμ??1¤òμ·?′ó￡?ê?ò???óD??o??a·￠?°?°μ?′|àí?à?1??·???μ?·?·¨?￡?éDD1¤ò?2?êy?|???¨?èFe2+￡oH2O2=1:3￡?pH:2~4￡?í￡á?ê±??￡o2~5h?￡??è????÷???°??·?CODè￥3y?ê?é′?60%ò?é??￡???????ˉ??ê????ˉá???′ú1a?￠μ??￠éù?￠′??￠2?á?μè?÷?à?ü?§??μ?×?D??D??3é1?￡??÷òa°üà¨μ??ˉ?§???ˉ·¨?￠êaê????ˉ·¨?￠3?áù???????ˉ·¨?￠1a′??ˉ???ˉ·¨oí3?éù?μ?a·¨μè?￡???D×?ía1a′??ˉ???ˉ??ê???óDD?ó±?￠??D§?￠??·????T????D?μèó?μ?￡?óè??êêo?óú2?±￥o?ìtμ??μ?a￡??ò·′ó|ì??tò2±è????oí￡??T?t′???è?￡???óDoüo?μ?ó|ó??°?°?￡3?￠éú?ˉ·¨éú?ˉ′|àí??ê?ê????°??ò?·???1?·o2éó?μ?′|àí??ê??￡óéóú??ò?·????DóD?ú???¨?èoü??￡??ùò?ò?°?Dèòaó??á??oío????à?áo?μ?·?·¨2??üè?μ?o?μ?′|àíD§1??￡??±í×ü?áá??á??oío????÷??·?·¨μ?1¤ò?ì?μ?￡o優(yōu)/缺點備注厭氧法上流式厭氧污泥床法(UASB法)厭氧消化效率高、構造簡單、水力停留時間短、無需另設污泥回流裝置。通常要求進水中SS含量<1000mg/L，適用于高濃度制藥廢水。中溫〔35~40oC〕條件下，COD容積負荷5~10kg/m3·d。常溫條件下，COD容積負荷3~5kg/m3·d。上流式厭氧污泥床過濾器(UASB+AF)結合了UASB和厭氧濾池(AF)的優(yōu)點，使反響器的性能有了改善。水解酸化法可將有機大分子降解，改善原水的可生化性；反響迅速、池子體積小，投資少，并能減少污泥量；不需密閉、攪拌，不設三相別離器，降低了造價并利于維護COD容積負荷高于2kg/m3·d，HRT一般大于12；池可填裝填料，推薦采用彈性立體填料，填裝率30~50%；可適量曝氣，但應保證DO<0.5mg/L。厭氧復合床(UBF)具有反響液傳質和別離效果好、生物量大和生物種類多、處理效率高、運行穩(wěn)定性強。厭氧折流板反響器(ABR)構造簡單、污泥截留能力強、穩(wěn)定性高、對高濃度有機廢水，特別是對有毒、難降解廢水處理中有特殊的作用。兩相厭氧消化法產酸菌和產甲烷菌分置，各自發(fā)揮最大活性，較單相厭氧消化工藝的處理能力和效率大大提高。適于處理高濃度有機污水、懸浮物濃度很高的污水、含有毒物質及難降解物質的廢水。膨脹顆粒污泥床〔EGSB〕EGSB厭氧反響器對有機物的去除率高達85%以上，運行穩(wěn)定，出水穩(wěn)定?？捎糜赟S含量高的和對微生物有毒性的廢水處理和高濃度有機廢水處理。好氧法活性污泥法改進了曝氣方法，使裝置運行穩(wěn)定。缺點是廢水需要大量稀釋，運行中泡沫多，易發(fā)生污泥膨脹，剩余污泥量大，去除率不高。廢水需大量稀釋，運行中泡沫多，易發(fā)生污泥膨脹，剩余污泥量大，去除率不高，常必須采用二級或多級處理。深井曝氣法氧利用率高、占地面積小、處理效果佳、投資少、運行費用低、不存在污泥膨脹、產泥量低。其保溫效果好，處理不受氣候條件影響，可保證北方地區(qū)冬天廢水處理的效果。東北制藥總廠的高濃度有機廢水經深井曝氣池生化處理后，COD去除率達92.7%。吸附生物降解法(AB法)A段負荷高，抗沖擊負荷能力強，對pH和有毒物質具較大緩沖作用，特別適用于有機物較高、水質水量變化較大的污水。對BOD、COD、SS、P和氨氮的去除率一般均高于常規(guī)活性污泥法。序批式間歇活性污泥法(SBR)具有均化水質、無需污泥回流、耐沖擊、污泥活性高、構造簡單、操作靈活、占地少、投資省、運行穩(wěn)定、基質去除率高于普通的活性污泥法等優(yōu)點。缺點是污泥沉降、泥水別離時間較長。常在活性污泥系統(tǒng)中投加粉末活性炭(PAC)以減少曝氣池泡沫。比較適用于處理間歇排放、水量水質波動大的廢水，如中藥材、四環(huán)素、慶大霉素等生產廢水的處理。處理青霉素制藥廢水時，可以抑制常規(guī)好氧法能耗高、稀釋水量大以及厭氧法預處理要求高、運行費用高的缺點。循環(huán)式活性污泥法(CASS法)對難降解有機物的去除效果更好；進水過程是連續(xù)的，單個池子可獨立運行；比SBR法的抗沖擊能力更好。是將SBR的反響池沿長度方向分為兩局部，前部為生物選擇區(qū)也稱預反響區(qū)，后部為主反響區(qū)。SBR及CASS均適用于COD濃度在3000mg/L以下的廢水，COD容積負荷1~2kg/m3·d，出水溶解氧控制在2mg/L左右。生物活性碳不僅能利用物理吸附作用，還能充分利用附著微生物對污染物的降解作用，大大提高COD去除率，氨氮、色度的去除率也較高。缺點是費用較高。生物流化床具有容積負荷高、反響速度快、占地面積小等優(yōu)點。生物流化床常以工廠煙道灰等做載體，設擋板，使流化床分為曝氣區(qū)、回流區(qū)、沉淀區(qū)。生物膜法生物相豐富，具有一定消化脫氮功能。常見的有曝氣生物濾池、空氣驅動生物轉盤、藻類轉盤等。生物接觸氧化法集活性污泥和生物膜法的優(yōu)勢于一體，具有容積負荷高、污泥產量少、抗沖擊能力強、工藝運行穩(wěn)定、管理方便等優(yōu)點。適用于COD濃度在2000mg/L以下的廢水。COD容積負荷一般1kg/m3·d以下，出水溶解氧2~3mg/L。推薦采用組合填料，填料裝填率50~70%。COD去除率60~90%。?éDD??ê??·??①?¤′|àí￡o?ì?y·¨?￠????·¨?￠?￠μ??a?￠Fentonê??á?￠′??ˉ???ˉμè￡?②?á??1¤ò?￡oUASB?￠á??à?á?????ˉ?￠EGSBμè￡?③o???1¤ò?￡oéú???ó′￥???ˉ·¨?￠