人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)講解

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（presentperfecttense）通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去，或者表示過(guò)去的行為對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響，可能還會(huì)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果等。1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.1.助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。其中，助動(dòng)詞要隨著主語(yǔ)的變化而變化，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞要用“has”。例：Haveyoufinishedyourwork?HesaysthathehasseenUFOsmanytimes.1.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的縮寫形式：Ihave=I’vehavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t例：I’vefinishedmywork./Hehasn’tfinishedhiswork.1.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t.例：----Haveyoufinishedyourwork?----Yes,Ihave./No,lhaven’t.----Havetheyarrived?----Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.1.4.1.通過(guò)加-ed的形式來(lái)構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，就像我們構(gòu)成這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式方法一樣。大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后+ed.如finish---finished.以字母e為結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后+d,如change---changed.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.以一個(gè)元音再加一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的短動(dòng)詞，雙寫輔音輔音字母再加ed.如stop---stopped1.4.2.構(gòu)成不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的方法有所不同，需要特別記憶。如：come---come;hurt---hurt.lend---lent;build---builtcatch---caught;keep---keptforget---forgottentell---toldbe---been;have---hadfall---fallen;fly---flowndraw---drawn;see---seen；think---thought.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法2.1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示時(shí)間的詞匯連用，常見的有“already,yet,ever,just,recently,since,for.lately”Justinhasdisappearedforthreedays,soKellyisverysad.Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.2.2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括現(xiàn)在)的一段狀語(yǔ)連用，如“for，since,sofar,now,today,thisweek,thismonth”。如：ShehaslivedinBeijingsinceshemovedinChina.Ihaveknownherforalongtime.2.3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可用于重復(fù)的行為中,表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，多次動(dòng)作總和或所做過(guò)的工作量的積累。如：IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.Ihavemoppedthefloorthreetimestoday.3.注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)造成的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒關(guān)系。例：HehasjustbeentoBritishandsawtheBigBenthere.經(jīng)常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)有“yesterday,theotherday,last…,ago…”;與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)有“already,ever,just,recently（not）yet,since等?！崩篐ewenttoBeijingtwoyearsago.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）HehasalreadylivedinBeijingfortwoyears.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）練習(xí)：用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)完成下列句子1.We____（go）totheparklastmonth.2.___youever___（try）thefamousBeijingDuck?3.IamhappythatI___（learn）toswim.4.I___（visit）theGreatWallwithmyparentstheotherday.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中have/hasbeen和have/hasgone的用法。have/hasbeento用來(lái)表達(dá)某人去了一個(gè)地方并且已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，指的是一次經(jīng)歷；have/hasgone用來(lái)表達(dá)某人去了一個(gè)地方，但是還沒回來(lái)。例:MillieandAmyhavebeentotheSouthHillandtheywanttogothereagain.（米莉和艾米去過(guò)南山，而且她們還想再去那里）MillieandAmyhavegonetotheSouthHillandtheywillcomebacktomorrow.（米莉和艾米去了南山，她們將明天回來(lái)。）練習(xí)：用have/hasbeen或have/hasgone填空。1.Sandyisn’there,she___tothelibrary.2.I___just___tothelibraryandborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.3.Mycousin___toXi’antwice.4.Mycousin___toXi’anandhewillstaythereforaweek.5.與for和since連用的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與for或since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀連用.如fortenminutes,since1985等.“for+時(shí)間段”強(qiáng)調(diào)這一段時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度?！皊ince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)（或一個(gè)從句）”強(qiáng)調(diào)這一段時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)。.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中，和for與since連用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如work,be,study,liveHehasstudiedEnglishsincetwoyearsago..某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與for或since等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Haven’tseenyouforalongtime.一些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換begin/starthave/hasbeenonThefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.finish/stophave/hasbeenoverTheparadehasbeenoverfore/go/arrivehave/hasbeenin/atKittyhasbeeninHongKongfortwodays.leavehave/hasbeenawayShehasbeenawayfromHongKongsincelastTuesday.borrowHave/haskeptShehaskeptthebooksincelastweek.joinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenamemberofSimonhasbeenamemberoftheFootballClubsincelastyear.marryhave/hasbeenmarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedfor15years.diehave/hasbeendeadThefishhavebeendeadforsometime.buyhave/hashadIhavehadthiswatchfortendays.catchacoldhave/hashadacoldTommyhashadacoldsincelastweek.fallillhave/hasbeenillShehasbeenillforthreeyears.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)綜合練習(xí)1.（）----Haveyoueatenmyfood,Andy?----No,I___.A.haveB.haven’tC.hasD.has’t2.（）Ourcountry___alotsince1978.Now,it’smuchstronger.A.ischangedB.changedC.haschangedD.changes3.（）I___herformanyyears,soIcan’trememberhername.A.haven’tseenB.haveseenC.didn’tseeD.see4.（）Simonhas___fedthedog,buthehasn’twateredtheplants.A.still,alreadyB.yet,alreadyC.yet,stillD.already,yet5.（）----Whydoesn’tTonycome?----Theinvitationletter___toTobybyaccident.A.wasemailedB.hasemailedC.isemailedD.emailed6.（）----Mom,IwanttowatchTheLegendofMiyueonchannal8tonight.----Oh,dear,it___forafewminutes.Comeon!A.hasbegunB.willbeginC.hasbeenonD.willbeon7.（）----Peter,youspeakChinesesowell.----Thankyou.I___ChinesesinceIcameherein2013.A.willlearnB.learnedC.havelearnedD.learn8.（）----Whatanicewatch!Howlong___you___it?----Forjusttwoweeks.A.will,buyB.have,hadC.were,havingD.did,buy9.（）----WillyouwatchtheprogrammeRunningManinZhejiangSatellite-TVtonight.----Yes,ofcourse.It＿＿oneofthemostpopularshowssincelastOctober.A.wasB.becameC.hasbeenD.hasbecome10.（）----Whatagedidyouleavehome?----Ilefthomeat18,Neil.I___yourcityforfiveyears.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havecometo（）Mikeusedtobeatopstudent,buth