2021屆廣州二模英語試題（含答案+解析）

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★啟用前試卷類型：B

2021年廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試(二)

英語（含答案）精校版

本試卷共10頁,

滿分120分,

考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1

答卷前,

考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、試室號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(B)

填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上,

并在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上填涂考生號。因筆試不考聽力,

試卷從第二部分開始,試題序號從“21”開始。2.作答選擇題時,

選出每小題答案后,

用2B鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,

再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答,答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動,

先劃掉原來的答案,

然后再寫上新答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,

將試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第二部分

閱讀

(共兩節(jié),

滿分50分)第一節(jié)

(共15小題；每小題2.5分,

滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,

從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACHAMBORDCASTLE,LOIR-ET-CHER,FRANCEAremarkableexampleofclassicalFrencharchitecture,ChambordCastleisthelargest

castleintheLoireValleyofFrance.Builtin1519asahuntinglodgefortheroyalcourt,thebuildingwasrarelylivedin.Thereareonehundredrooms(of440)open-to

thepublic

and

dozens

of

staircases,includingonesaidtohavebeendesignedbyLeonardodaVinci.Thesurrounding21-square-milenatureparkentertainswithhikingand-bikingroutesandboat

rentals.LEEDSCASTLE,KENT,UNITEDKINGDOMSituatedontwoislandsinthemiddleofalake,LeedsCastleprovidesagrandandromanticexperience.Ithasservedasaroyalresidenceformostofits900-yearhistory.The500-acreEnglishcastlenowhostsyear-roundculturalevents,withthreerestaurants,abed-and-breakfastandayewtreemaze.MOSZNACASTLE,POLANDMosznaCastlewasoriginallydesignedinBaroquestyleinthe17thcentury,butthelater

addition

ofaneo-GothicbroughtHogwartsappealtothecastle,especiallyatnightwhenits99towersandglowingwindowstwinkleintheoutdoor

reflecting

pool.Nowadays,artexhibitsandindoor

concerts

attractvisitorstothe365-roomcastle.BRANCASTLE,BRASOV,ROMANIABranCastleoriginallydatesbacktotheyear1212

andis

mistakenlybelieved

to

bethe

homeinBram

Stoker’sDracula.

Theauthornevervisitedthisfortress,

commonlyknown

asDracula’sCastle,butit

stillattracts

literature

fanstoitsweakly-lit

hallwaysfor

nighttoursandanannualHalloweenparty.21.Whatcanvisitors-toChambordCastledo?A.Huntinthenaturepark.B.

Goboatingwithfriends.C.

Liveinanyofitsrooms.D.

AdmiredaVinci’spaintings.22.Visitorsinterestedinbeautifulnight-timeviewscangoto

______.A.

CHAMBORDCASTLEB.

LEEDSCASTLEC.

MOSZNACASTLED.

BRANCASTLE23.Whichcastlehasthelongesthistory?A.

CHAMBORDCASTLE.B.

LEEDSCASTLE.C.

MOSZNACASTLE.D.

BRANCASTLE.

BTouriststotheNorthAntrimCoastcomeforitsbreathtakingbeautyOnthis

stretch

ofcoast,mythandhistorylivesidebyside,andrunningoutof

thingstodoisnearimpossible.

Giant’s

Causeway,Carrick-a-Rede,theIronIsles’

filminglocations...However,whenImakemywaytothenorthofthe-countryinOctober,noneof

them

areonmy

mind.

What

bringsme

to

thecoastaltown

ofPortrusharethewaves.Located,on

a

peninsula,Portrushishometothreebrilliantbeachesandalltheusualpoints

ofinterest

ofacoastaltown.

ButwhatmakestheNorthAntrimCoastsospecialisthepromise

oftheconsistentwaveshittingitsshores.Althoughstillrelativelyunknown,it’sasurfer’sdream

destination.Thisisthehomeofsix-timeIrishnationalsurfingchampion,AndrewHill,afterall.

ImeetAndrewathissurfshop,themostpopularinPortrush.AfterhiringasurfboardandjumpinginthewateratWestStrand,Iquicklyrealisethatmytrustedwetsuitisnotenough.Withinjust30minutes,I’velostallfeelinginmyfeetandhands,andmyearsareburning.IretreattoanearbycaféandgulpdownsteamingteabeforepoppingbyAndrew’sshopagain.SurfbootsarewhatIneed,wedecide.IleavewithanewdeterminationtomastertheicyAtlanticwaves.

I’minvitedtosurfadifferentspotwithAndrewandhis

friendthat

afternoon.but

I

declinehisgenerousoffer.Myheadisseton

onethingonly:

takingrevenge

onthesamewavesthatalmost

turned

meintoaniceblock

thatvery

morning.Evenwith

boots,surfingthecoldwatersofPortrushleavesmyfeetpurple.

Ibecomecoveredinbruisesthatdon’tregisteruntilIthawouteachnight,andittakesacoupleofdaystofullyregainfeelinginmyhands.Butit’sworthit,andIwouldgladlydoitalloveragain.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword

“them”

inparagraph2referto?A.Thepopularattractions.B.

Coastaltowns.C.

Thefilminglocations.D.

Passionatetourists.25.WhyistheauthorattractedtotheNorthAntrimCoast?A.Ithasinternationallyfamousbeaches.B.

It’shometotheusual

seaside

interests.C.Itproducesexcellentwavesforsurfing.D.It’sthehometownofasurfingchampion.26.Theauthorgoesbacktothesurfshopto_______.A.

betterequiphimselfforthechallengeB.

consultwithsomeexperiencedsurfersC.

accompanytheowneronalatersurftripD.

quicklywarmhimselfupwith

somehottea27.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?A.

Narrativeandserious.B.

Persuasive

andcritical.C.

Descriptiveandpositive.D.Informativeandobjective.

CWhentheChinesespacecraft(航天器)Chang’e-5returnedtoEarthonDecember17,2020,itbroughtbacksomethingnotseenonourplanetsincethe1970s:moonrocksamples.Thispreciouscargo,collectedbyChang’e-5’sroboticresearchvehicleinthenorthwestregionofthelunarnearside,isnowbeingstudiedbyscientistsinBeijing.ThesuccessofthelatestChinesespacemissionalsoshowcasedtechnologythatmaybeusedinfutureyearstocreatehumansettlementsonEarth’snearneighbour.Thereturnedlunarsampleswill

“absolutelyaddnewknowledgeofthehistoryofthemoon,particularlyitsvolcanoes,”

saysXiao

Long,aplanetaryscientistatChinaUniversityofGeosciences.TherockssentbackbyChang’e-5

“willaskustorethinkaboutwhyandhowthemoon’svolcanichistorylastedthislong,”

hesays.TheChang’e-5missionwasmorethanjustatriptocollectmoonrocks.Itwasalsothelateststageofalong,plannedsequenceofroboticlunarexplorationsbyChinathathavegrownevermorescientificallyadvanced.Theprogrambeganwiththe2007launchofChang’e-1andChang’e-2threeyearslater.These

craftcircledthemooncollectingdatausedtohelpguideChang’e-3andChang’e-4,thefirstChinese

spacecrafttolandonthemoonsurface,andtodirecttheirroboticvehicles.TherobotonChang’e-5

wasabletocollectrockandsoilsamplesandreturnthemtoEarth.

Inthenearfuture,anidentical

spacecraftcalledChang’e-6willattemptasample-returnmissionfromthemoon’ssouthpole–an

areaofintensescientificinterest-giventhelargeamountofwatericepresent.ThemoreadvancedChang’e-7andChang’e-8spacecraftarealsoplannedtolandnearthesouth

poletocarryoutanalysisoftheregionandtestnewtechnologies,includingdetectingandobtaining

materialsthatcouldbeusefulto

futurehumanexplorers,suchaswaterandhydrogen,andtesting3-D

printingonthelunarsurface.Thelong-termaimoftheChang’s

programistoestablishanInternationalLunarResearchStationaround2030tosupportroboticand,eventually,crewedmissions.28.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.

Themoon’srecentvolcanicactivities.B.

Thesignificanceofthemoonrocksamples.C.

Newknowledgeofthehistoryofthemoon.D.

Furtherstudiesofthe

returned

lunarsamples.29.WhatdistinguishesthemissionofChang’e-6fromthatofChang’e-5?A.

Thetechnologytheyuse.B.

Thetimetheyspendonthemoon.C.

Thespecific

locationstheyexplore.D.

Theamountofmaterialtheybringback.30.Chang’e-7andChang’e-8spacemissionsaremainlyintendedto

______.A.

transportresearcherstothemoonstationB.

buildupanInternationalLunarResearchStationC.collectdatanecessarytoguidemoon-landingspacecraftD.findandtestresourcesandmeanstosupportlivingonthemoon31.WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheChang’s

spaceprogram?A.A

projecttostudythesurfaceofthemoon.B.A

plantoimprovehumansettlementsonthemoon.C.

Asetofexperimentstotestthepossibilityofmannedspacecraft.D.Aseriesofincreasinglychallengingscientificlunarexplorations.

DWhatmakespeoplesospecial?Tooluse,self-consciousness,language,andcultureare

highonthelist,butinfactallofthesecharacteristicscanbefoundelsewhereintheanimal

kingdom.Humansandapesarecloserelatives,soitisperhapsnotsurprisingthatchimpanzees

usetoolsorthatgorillas(大猩猩)haveasenseoffairplay,evenrejectingcarrots(whichthey

normallyaccept)whentheyseetheirneighborsgettinggrapes.Butthequalitiesthatwe

oftenthink

ofasuniquelyhumanexistnotjustonland,butintheoceanaswell.Amongtheinvertebrates,octopuses(八爪魚)areknownfortheirintelligence,evenexhibitingevidenceofplayfulness,tooluse,andpersonality.Buttheseskilledpredatorslivealoneandconsequentlylackculture.Dolphins,ontheotherhand,arelarge-brained,long-living,social-group-basedpredators,anditisherethatwefindthegreatestsimilaritytohuman-likecultureandawareness.Culturedependsontheabilityofanimalstopassonthingstheyhave

learned

toothers.Manyanimalshavecultureinthissense,butwhatsetsdolphinsapartiswhattheypasson.Somebottlenosedolphinsholdspongesintheirmouthsthattheyuseastoolstosweepforfishhidingontheoceanfloor.

Thisabilityishandeddownthroughgenerations(especiallyinfemales),withsomefamilies-grandmother,mother,anddaughter-allfeedinginthishighlyspecializedway.Anothercharacteristicthatdolphinssharewithhumansistheirabilitytorecognizethemselvesinamirror.Whenfacingamirror,most

animals

behaveasthough

theyare

interacting

withanotherindividual.Eveninhumans,theabilitytorecognizethattheimageinamirrorisoneselfdoesnotoccurbeforetheageof18months.Dolphinsnotonlyrecognizethemselves,butifablackmarkisputonthebodyofadolphin,itwillspendextratimeatthemirrortolookatthemark.32.Theexampleofgorillasrejectingcarrotsshowsthey

_____.A.

arenoteasytofoolB.

preferfruittovegetablesC.

haveaspecialtasteforfoodD.

haveanawarenessofequality33.Whatdo

octopuseslackcomparedwithdolphins?A.

Socialinteraction.B.

Intelligence.C.

Toolusingability.D.

Fun-lovingspirits.34.Whatmakesdolphin

culturespecial?A.

Theytendtohuntingroups.B.

Theirhuntingskillsarepasseddown.C.

Their

learning

environmentisfavourable.D.

Theirfamiliesaretypicallyfemale-controlled.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Dolphinsenjoylookingattheirownreflectioninthemirror.B.

Dolphinsareasintelligentasatypical18-month-oldhumanbaby.C.

Dolphinsaregenerallyregardedasthemostadvancednon-humanspecies.D.

Dolphins’

abilitytorecognizetheirownreflectionisahigher-ordermentalskill.

第二節(jié)

(共5小題；每小題2.5分,

滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,

從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Criticalthinkingismakinganefforttoimprovethewayyouthink.

36

Weusethisprocess

tosolveproblems,makeargumentsandevaluateclaims.It’simportantinjustabouteveryareaof

life.Mostofourthinkingisnotcriticalthinking.Wedon’tneedtomakemanyjudgmentstotravel

toworkorcookdinner.

37

Criticalthinkingcansaveusfromblindlymakingpoorchoices.

So

howcanyouimproveyour

critical

thinking

skills?Youneedtopractise.Therearemanywaysof

doingthat.

Hereareafew:

·

38

Lookatarticlesorbookswrittenbypeople

onallsidesoftheissue.Foreachsource,evaluatetheargument:

Whatclaimisitmaking?Whatreasonsdoesitgive?Arethereasonslogical?·Whenyouseeorhearaclaim,askquestionsaboutit.Whoismakingtheclaimandwhy?Whatistheclaimant’sbackgroundandhowdoesthismotivatetheiropinion?·Evaluateyourownthinking.Wheredoyoutendtonotthinkcritically?Whydon’tyou?Howcanyouimprove?·Questionthingsyouassume.Whatclaimsdoyouacceptwithoutknowingthereasonsforthem?

39

Trytofindoutwhatothersbelieveaboutthatclaimandwhy.Asyougrowincriticalthinking,you’ll

becomeawiserandmorethoughtfulperson.

40

A.

Sticktoyourclaim.B.

Readaboutatopicpeopledisagreeon.C.Whenyouthinkofone,dosomeresearch.D.

It’sanalyzingfactsseparatelysoyoucanmakedecisions.E.

Anditmayhelpyoutosucceedatworkorschoolaswell.F.

We’ll

onlyuseitifwemakeaconsciousefforttoaskquestionsaboutwhatwesee.G.

Butwhenaproblemcomesourway,weneedtothinkcriticallytodecidehowtosolveit.

第三部分

語言運用

(共兩節(jié)；滿分30分)第一節(jié)

(共15小題；每小題1分,

滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,

從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Afamoustheoristoncesaid,

“Idon’tdividetheworldintotheweakandthestrong:orthesuccessesandthefailures...Idividetheworldintothelearnersandthenon-learners.”Whatonearthwouldmakesomeoneanon-learner?Everyoneisbornwithanintense

41

to

learn.

Babiesrisetothelearningchallengedaily.Notjustfor

42

tasks,butthemostdifficultonesofalifetime,like

leaning

towalkandtalk.Theyneverdecideit’stoohardornotworththe

43

.Babiesdon’tworryaboutmakingmistakesor

44

themselves.Theywalk,theyfall,they

45

.Whatputsanendtothisfearlesslearning?Afixedmindset.Assoonaschildrenbecome

abletoevaluatethemselves,someofthembecome

46

ofchallenges.Theyworryaboutnot

being

47

.

Myresearchteamhavestudiedthousandsofpeoplefrompreschoolerson,and

It’s

breathtakinghowmany

48

anopportunitytolearn.Weofferedfour-year-oldsa

49

：theycouldredoaneasyjigsaw(拼圖)ortryaharderone.

Evenatthisyoungage,childrenwithafixedmindsetstuckwiththe

50

one.Theybelievesmart

kidsdon’tmake

51

.Childrenwithagrowthmindset,however,thoughtitwasa

52

choice.

Whywouldanyone

wanttokeepdoingthesamepuzzle

53

?

Theychoseincreasinglydifficult-onesinstead.Believingthatsuccessisaboutlearning,childrenwithagrowthmindsetseizedthechance.But

thosewithafixedmindsetdidn’t

wanttoexposetheir

54

.

Thisishowafixedmindsetmakes

peopleinto

55

.41.A.fear

B.drive

C.competition

D.concentration42.A.crucial

B.mental

C.ordinary

D.particular43.A.attention

B.effort

C.interest

D.time44.A.confusing

B.behaving

C.punishing

D.hurting45.A.getup

B.giveup

C.showup

D.shutup46.A.afraid

B.ashamed

C.confident

D.ignorant47.A.adorable

B.curious

C.modest

D.smart48.A.seize

B.ruin

C.reject

D.require49.A.lesson

B.choice

C.gift

D.game50.A.challenging

B.interesting

C.new

D.simple51.A.decisions

B.jigsaws

C.mistakes

D.predictions52.A.strange

B.promising

C.profitable

D.difficult53.A.repeatedly

B.unwillingly

C.automatically

D.properly54.A.secrets

B.thoughts

C.preferences

D.weaknesses55.A.theorists

B.perfectionists

C.non-learners

D.risk-takers

第二節(jié)

(共10小題；每小題1.5分,

滿分15分；閱讀下面短文,

在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theglass.harpisoneofthemostextraordinaryinstrumentsintheworld.Itdoesn’tevenappeartobe

56

instrumentatfirstglance,anditisn’tactuallyaharpatall.Instead,it’sjustasetofglassesonatable.Theglassesareofdifferentsizesandsomearefilledwithwater.

57

(play)theglassharp,performerswetandrubtheirfingersalongthetopsoftheglasses.Eachglasswillthenproduceahigh

58

lowsound,dependingonitsshapeandhowmuchwaterit

59

(contain).Manypeoplethinkthesound

60

(create)isdelightful,likemusicyouwouldhearinheaven.It’sa

mystery

whoinventedtheglassharp.

Somesayit

first

appearedinChina,whileothers

say

Persia.

butitwas

in

Europe

61

it

become

the

most

popular.By

the1700s.

62

(Europe)

glassharpmasterscouldplayworksbyMozartand

Beethoven

on

theinstruments.Thislove

for

glassharpsdidn’tlastlong,

however,aspeople

lost

interest

63

awhile.Glassharpshaven’t

entirely

disappeared,though

youcan

still

find

somestreet

64

(music)playingthem

to

entertain

largecrowds.Ifyou’re

lucky

enough

tocatch

such

a

performance,

sitback,relax,andenjoy

the

baneful

sounds

of

his

65

(usual)

instrument.

第四部分

寫作

(共兩節(jié),

滿分40分)第一節(jié)

(滿分15分)為迎接國外姐妹學(xué)校來訪師生,

學(xué)校準備選拔“文化交流小使者

(YoungAmbassador

for

Cultural

Exchange)

”,

你打算參加。請寫一份英語競選演講稿,

內(nèi)容包括：1．自我介紹；2．競選理由。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右：2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Good

morning,dearjudges.I’mCandidateNo.1.

第二節(jié)

(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料,

根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,

使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。AramandRossi’sBakeryWalkingalongthenarrowbricksidewalk,Aramtookadeepbreath.Theairsmelledoflemonsandbakedbreadandcoffee,comingfromRossi’sItalianBakery.

Hewasalmostthere.Aramstillcouldn’tbelievehis

luck.

Allhisfriendswereworkingboring

summer

jobs—waitingtablesand

babysitting.

Andherehewas,aboutto