2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)練Unit4Cyberspace(含解析)北師大版必修2

Unit4Cyberspace李仕才Ⅰ閱讀理解AOnChristmasEve,1944,mygrandmotherurgedmyuncle,then12yearsold,toslipoutoftheconcentrationcampwheretheywereimprisonednear15mileseastofViennatogotoDeutsch-Wagram.“PeoplearecharitablearoundChristmastime,”GrandmaLilisaidtoherson,Gyuri.“Askforsomefood.Anythingtheycanspare.Tellthemthatwe’reontheedgeofstarvation.Tellthemthatyour3-year-oldsistercannotgetoffthebedbecauseshe’soutgrownhershoes.”Inthedarkofthatnight,GyurisecretlyleftthecampandwalkednearlyfourmilestoDeutsch-Wagram,theclosesttown.Hehappeneduponahouseandknockedonthefrontdoor.Awomanopenedthatdoor.Shewasprobablyalone,hermanfaraway,fightinginthewar,herchildrenasleepintheirbeds.The12-year-oldpiecedtogetherinGermanexactlywhathismotherhadtoldhimtosay.“Comebacktomorrow,"whisperedthewoman.Thenextday,myunclereturned.Thewomanopenedthedoorwithasmile.Shepiledhishandswithbread,clothing,apairofshoesthatherchildhadoutgrownandapairofsocks.Thewomanhadknittedwarmsocksformymother.Afterputtingonthesocksandshoesthatfit,mymothergotoffthebedindelight.Herraggedshoeswerepassedontoayoungerchildwhowasalsolivinginthecamp.Theysharedtheirunexpectedharvestwiththeentirecamp.ItwasaquietcelebrationofhumankindnessaroundChristmastime.InApril1945,mymother,uncleandgrandmotherwereliberated.Anditwasthoseverysocksandshoesthatmymotherworeasshewalkedsome28milesovertwodaystoBratislavaonherwalktoanewlife.Totheunknowngiver,Ithankyou.Inthedesperationofacoldandsnowyland,whenmanyheartswereclosedanddeathwasmorelikelythanlife,especiallyforJews,yougavethemhopeandcomfort.1.WhatdidGyurimanagetodoonChristmasEve?A.Getpermittedtogoout.B.Receivefoodandclothing.C.Expresswhathisfamilyneeded.D.CelebrateChristmasinthecamp2.Whydoestheauthormentionshoessomanytimes?A.Toprovethetruthofthestory.B.Tohelpthedevelopmentofthestory.C.Toattractreaders’attentiontothestory.D.Tomakeclearthebackgroundofthestory.3.Whatfeelingdidtheauthorwritethetextwith?A.DesperationB.Gratefulness.C.ExcitementD.Sorrow.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.LightindarknessB.PeacetocommonpeopleC.CourageinfaceofdangerD.TheinfluenceofChristmas【文章粗心】本文是一篇記述文。作者敘述了1944年圣誕前夜，奶奶一家在集中營里日子困難，逼不得已12歲的叔叔奧密走出集中營去鄰近的鄉(xiāng)村求援，一位和善的女士賜予了他們一家一些物質(zhì)上的幫助。這位好意人的善舉給了過著暗無天日的日子的奶奶一家不單是物質(zhì)上的幫助還有對(duì)將來的希望，最后一家人堅(jiān)持到光明的到來。1.C【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段最后一句The12-year-oldpiecedtogetherinGermanexactlywhathismotherhadtoldhimtosay.并聯(lián)合第一段的內(nèi)容可推測(cè)，Gyuri努力用德語拼出了他母親告訴他說的話，表達(dá)了他的家人的需要。應(yīng)選C。3.B【分析】推理判斷題。依據(jù)最后一段首句Totheunknowngiver,Ithankyou.和“yougavethemhopeandcomfort”并聯(lián)合全文內(nèi)容可推測(cè)，故事敘述好意人對(duì)作者的奶娘一家大方互助，所以推測(cè)作者對(duì)這位好意人充滿感謝之情，故作者敘述這個(gè)故事時(shí)帶著感恩的心態(tài)。應(yīng)選B。4.A【分析】要旨粗心題?？v觀全文特別是文章最后一段可知，在積雪覆蓋的嚴(yán)寒的冬季，人們關(guān)閉自己，死亡比活下去更簡單的狀況下，這位和善的人不單賜予了奶奶一家物質(zhì)上的幫助，并且給了他們希望和安慰。就像黑暗中的亮光鼓舞他們走向新的生活。所以推測(cè)這2篇文章頌揚(yáng)了黑暗中人性光明的一面。應(yīng)選A。B(2017·河北石家莊高三一模)Forvisitors，TellerLakeinColoradolookslikeafishbowlfilledwiththousandsofgorgeousgoldfish.However,totheColoradoParksandWildlifeDepartmenttheyareagroupofdangerousspeciesthatcouldendupdestroyingthelake’secosystem.Theproblemisthatthesefisharen’tnativetothelakewhichmeanstheyhavenopredators(捕食者)．Thisallowsthemtomultiplyinlargenumbers.Theofficialsbelievethatmostofthemarearesultofafewunwantedpetgoldfishthatwerethrownintothelake.Whilethatmayappeartobeakindthingtodo,itisextremelydangerous,nottomentionillegal.That’sbecauseasthenon-nativespeciesgrowinnumbers，theycompetewiththeexistingfishforfoodsourceslikesmallinsects.Giventhatthereisonlyalimitedsupplyofresources，thiscouldresultinthegoldfishoverpoweringthenativefishspecies.InthecaseofTellerLake,theofficialsareparticularlyworriedthatthegoldfishwillmovedownstreamandaffectthepopulationofsomeoftheendangerednativespeciesthatlivethere.Anothermajorcauseforconcernisthediseasesthegoldfishmaybecarrying.TheColoradoParksandWildlifebiologists，therefore,havenooptionbuttoremovethefishfromthelakeinthemostefficientmanner.Thefishwillthenbefedtoinjuredbirdslikeeaglesandospreys.Expertssaythatmostownersbelievetheyaredoingthe“rightthing”byreturningtheirpettothewilderness.However,savingonepetoftenresultsindestroyingthearea’secosystemandhurtingotheranimals.Accordingtoexperts，thebestwaytodispose_ofunwantedfishoranyotheranimalistogetadvicefromthepeoplethatsoldthepet.【解題導(dǎo)語】金魚是一種常有的寵物，為很多人所喜歡。但是近期美國科羅拉多州的特勒湖卻被數(shù)千條金魚占有。1．WhydidthedangerousgoldfishappearinTellerLake?A．Theywerebornintothelake.B．Theywerethrownbytheofficials.C．Theywereabandonedbytheirowners.D．Theywerebroughtinbysomebiologists.3分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依照第二段的最后一句可知，科羅拉多州公園與野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)管理處的官員以為，這幾千條金魚是由被主人扔在湖中的寵物金魚生殖而得來的，由此可知這些魚是被主人扔掉的，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2．Howisthelake’secosystemlikelytobeinfluencedbythegoldfish?A．Newdiseasesmaybebroughtin.B．Nativefishmaybeeatenbythem.C．Thelakewatermaybepolluted.D．Foodsourcesmayincrease.分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依照第三段的最后一句可知，另一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的問題是這些金魚有可能攜帶疾病。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。3．Whatwillhappentothegoldfishafterthey’recaught?A．They’llbekilledatonce.B．They’llbecomefoodforbirds.C．They’llbesetfreedownstream.D．They’llberaisedinthefishbowl.B分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依照第四段的最后一句可知，這些金魚會(huì)被喂給受傷的鳥。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“disposeof”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Attendto.B．Takeover.C．Getridof.D．Holdonto.分析：詞義猜想題。由上文可知，專家在商討消除湖中金魚最有效的方法，所以“disposeof”在本句中是“辦理，消除”的意思，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。CTheBritisharesupposedtobefamousforlaughingatthemselves,buteventheirsenseofhumorhasalimit,astheBritishretailerGeraldRatnerfoundouttohiscost.WhenRatnertookoverhisfather’schainof140jewelryshopsin1984,heintroducedaveryclearcompanypolicy.Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.Itwasagreatsuccess.TheBritishpubliclovedhischeapgoldearringsandhistastelesssilverdecorations.By1991,Ratner’scompanyhad2,400shopsanditwasworthover680millionpounds.ButinAprilofthatyear,GeraldRatnermadeabigmistake.AtabitmeetingoftopBritish4businesspeople,hesuitedupandexplainedthesecretofhissuccess—Peoplesay“Howcanwesellourgoodsforsuchalowprice?”.Hesay“Becausetheyareabsoluterubbish.”Hisaudienceburstoutlaughing.ButtheBritishnewspapersandtheBritishpublicwerenotsoamused.PeoplefeltinsultedandstayedawayfromRatner’sshops.Salesfellandsixmonthsafterhisspeech,Ratner’ssharepricehadfallenby42%.Thefollowingyear,thingsgotworseandGeraldRatnerwasforcedtoresign.Bytheendof1992,helosthiscompany,hiscareerandhishouse.Evenworse,25,000ofhisemployeeshadlosttheirjobs.Ithadbeenaveryexpensivejoke.1.WhataretheBritishnotedforaccordingtothepassage?A.Theirjewelryshops.B.Theirloveforjewelry.C.Theirjokesaboutthemselves.D.Theirharmlesshumor.2.HowdidRatnerachievesuccessinhisbusiness?A.Hecutdownhislaborcost.B.Headoptedaneffectivebusinessmodel.C.Heemployedalotofnewstaff.D.HedevelopedgreatrelationswithbusinessVIPs.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“insulted”?A.Offended.B.Amazed.C.Abused.D.Attracted.4.WhatdoesthestoryofGeraldRatnersuggest?A.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.B.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Amanmaydighisgravewithhisteeth.【文章粗心】本文為記述文。敘述的是英國零售商GeraldRatner因?yàn)樽猿皶r(shí)說錯(cuò)話而導(dǎo)致失敗的故事。2.B【分析】推理判斷題。依據(jù)第二段第一句話中的“heintroducedaveryclearcompany5policy.”和第二句話Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.可知他采納了一種有效的商業(yè)模式——以最廉價(jià)銷售產(chǎn)品，應(yīng)選B。3.A【分析】詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第二段最后兩句話可知人們感覺遇到了欺侮沖犯，都不去他的商鋪了，由此可知該詞與offended一致，應(yīng)選A。D(2017·安徽六校高三素質(zhì)測(cè)試)TheAfricanelephant,thelargestlandanimalremainingonearth,isofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem.Unlikeotheranimals,theAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundingsinwhichitlives,thereforesetting_the_termsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat.Itistheelephant’sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunder-bushes,andpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.Taketherainforestsforexample.Intheirnaturalstate,thespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplants,elephantsmakeopenspaces,allowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangered6species.Iftheelephantdisappears,scientistssay,manyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavanna,greatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。非洲象對(duì)非洲叢林和大草原的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)十分重要，它們的覓食對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境有很大影響。此刻，令科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂的是，非洲象正瀕臨滅絕，這也就意味著整個(gè)非洲的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)正在遭到威迫。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“settingtheterms”mostprobablymean?A．Improvingthequality.B．Worseningthestate.C．Fixingthetime.D．Decidingtheconditions.D分析：詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，非洲象對(duì)非洲的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)十分重要，它們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬鲜巧鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的創(chuàng)建者，它們塑造了非洲的叢林和大草原的環(huán)境。由此可推斷出，非洲象決定了在它們的棲息地上生活的其余動(dòng)物的生計(jì)條件。所以，“settingtheterms”的意思應(yīng)為“決定了條件”。應(yīng)選D。2．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby________．A．showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB．givingexamplesC．pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesD．describingthechangesintimeorderA分析：寫作手法題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，第一段內(nèi)容主要介紹了非洲象對(duì)整個(gè)非洲生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要影響，接下來的三段話主要解說了為何它們會(huì)有這么大的影響。所以全文應(yīng)是依照先給出結(jié)果、再說明原由的方式睜開的。應(yīng)選A。3．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.B．TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.C．DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.D．TheeffectofAfricanelephants’searchforfood.D分析：要旨粗心題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可判斷出，本文主要敘述了非洲象對(duì)非洲叢林和大草原的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性，它們的覓食對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境有很大影響。應(yīng)選D。4．Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A．Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.B．Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.C．Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.7D．TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段最后一句Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.可知，那些寬闊的地方對(duì)各樣食草動(dòng)物很具吸引力。應(yīng)選C。Ⅱ七選五(2017·臨沂市模擬)TheDosandDon’tsofLearningaNewLanguagePeopledecidetolearnanotherlanguageformanydifferentreasons.SomelearnanotherlanguagebecausetheywouldliketoliveinanotherSomepeoplehavetostudyalanguageatschoolandothersmightdecidetolearnalanguagejustforfun!I’vebeenlearningFrenchforjustovertwoyears.IdecidedtolearnitbecauseIwantedtolearnsomethingnewandIloveFrenchculture.LearningFrenchhasbeenafunandexcitingjourneybutit’salsobeenchallenging.I’velearntalotaboutthechallengeswhilelearninganewlanguageandhaveputtogethersome“dos”and“don’ts”tohelpotherlanguagelearners.2.________Learninganewlanguagecanbeahardprocessthatrequiresalotofmotivation.Trydifferentactivitiestomakeyourlanguagelearningmoreenjoyable.WhynottrywatchingyourfavouriteTVseriesinthatlanguageorlisteningtomusicinthatlanguage?Dowritedownyourmistakes3．________IliketowritethemistakesthatImakeinasmallpocketbook.Don’tsetunrealisticexpectationsIfyouhaverecentlystartedlearninganotherlanguage,itmaybeunrealistictoexpecttobefluentwithinacoupleofmonths.Beawarethatitcouldtakeawhile.4.________It’sverydifficulttohaveanativeaccent.Themostimportantthingisthatyou’reclearandpeoplecanunderstandyou.·Don’tbescared5．________Iworriedaboutmyaccent,pronunciation,grammaranddidn’tmakethemostofspeakingopportunities.Lookingback,itseemssillyandnowI’mmorethanhappytospeakFrench.Don’tbeafraidoroverthinkit,justbeconfidentandspeak.A．Beconfident8B．DoenjoyitC．Thesamethinggoesforaccents.D．Othersdecidetolearnalanguagebecauseoftheirjob.E．Iwasn’tconfidentwhenIfirststartedspeakingFrench.F．Takeyourtimeandcelebratetheprogressthatyou’vemadesofar.G．Apersoncorrectingyouisagoodthinganditwillhelpyouimprove.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。作者經(jīng)過自己的語言學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，敘述了語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中需要注意的有關(guān)事項(xiàng)。1．D分析：上文提到一些人學(xué)其余語言是因?yàn)橄朐谀莻€(gè)國家居?。幌挛奶岬揭恍┤瞬坏貌辉趯W(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)其余語言，而有些人則是為了風(fēng)趣。故空格處也是學(xué)習(xí)其余語言的原由。D項(xiàng)“其余人決定學(xué)一門語言是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ鳌笨梢月?lián)系上下文，切合語境。應(yīng)選D。2．B分析：依據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)習(xí)語言需要踴躍性，試試不一樣的活動(dòng)讓語言學(xué)習(xí)成為一種享受，比方看這類語言的電視劇或聽這類語言的音樂。B項(xiàng)“必定享受它”可以歸納本段內(nèi)容，合適作本段小標(biāo)題。應(yīng)選B。3．G分析：依據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Dowritedownyourmistakes”可知，該段敘述的是要把你的錯(cuò)誤寫下來。G項(xiàng)“有人為你糾錯(cuò)是好事，它會(huì)幫助你提升”切合語境。應(yīng)選G。4．C分析：依據(jù)空格后的“It’sverydifficulttohaveanativeaccent.”可知，要想達(dá)到地道的口音很難。C項(xiàng)“(學(xué)習(xí)一門語言都會(huì)碰到)同一個(gè)問題，就是口音問題”可以聯(lián)系下文，切合語境。應(yīng)選C。5．E分析：下文提到作者擔(dān)憂自己的語音、語調(diào)等問題。由此可推知，E項(xiàng)“我剛開始講法語時(shí)，很不自信”可以引出下文，切合語境。應(yīng)選E。Ⅲ、七選五Areyouhavingtroubleconcentratingwhenyou'rereadingabookorlisteningtoalecture？Thislistofactivitiesmighthelptoimproveyourstudyhabits.Makealist.Weoftenhavetroublepayingattentiontoonethingbecauseourbrainwantstothinkaboutsomethingelse.1Youdon'tworryaboutwhateverelseyoushould