免病學(xué)題庫（有答案）

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——免病學(xué)題庫（有答案）細(xì)菌

一、單項選擇題

1.在下述的微生物中，哪種屬于真核細(xì)胞型微生物······················（B）A.細(xì)菌C.螺旋體E.病毒

2.與細(xì)菌基本結(jié)構(gòu)無關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)是···············································（E）A.細(xì)胞膜C.細(xì)胞核E.細(xì)胞核膜

3.以下的哪項結(jié)構(gòu)與消毒滅菌關(guān)系最為密切·······························（C）A.鞭毛C.芽胞E.細(xì)胞壁

4.局部皮膚用碘酒和酒精涂擦稱為············································（B）A.防腐C.無菌E.抑菌

5.結(jié)核分枝桿菌常用的染色法是···············································（B）A.革蘭氏染色C.鍍銀染色E.美蘭單染色

6.菌群失調(diào)的主要原因是························································（A）A.長期使用廣譜抗生素C.兩種細(xì)菌重復(fù)感染E.營養(yǎng)不良

7.紫外線殺菌的原理是···························································（B）A.破壞粘肽合成C.使酶變性

B.真菌D.放線菌

B.細(xì)胞壁D.細(xì)胞質(zhì)

B.莢膜D.菌毛

B.消毒D.滅菌

B.抗酸染色D.瑞氏染色

B.多種細(xì)菌交織感染D.細(xì)菌旅居部位改變

B.干擾DNA合成D.使蛋白質(zhì)凝固

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E.以上都不是

8.以下的哪一項不屬于原核細(xì)胞型微生物··································（E）A.肺炎支原體C.斑疹傷寒立克次體E.麻疹病毒

9.青霉素抗菌作用的機(jī)理是下述的哪一項··································（C）B.結(jié)核分枝桿菌D.鉤端螺旋體

A.破壞細(xì)胞膜的通透性B.干擾蛋白質(zhì)合成C.干擾粘肽合成D.破壞核糖核酸合成

E.破壞脫氧核糖核酸合成

10.臨床上最常用的滅菌方法為················································（A.燃燒法B.燒灼法

C.間歇滅菌法D.高壓蒸汽滅菌法

E.煮沸法

11.熱原質(zhì)的成份是·······························································（A.磷壁酸B.脂多糖C.蛋白質(zhì)D.肽聚糖

E.核糖核酸

12.革蘭氏染色時，用不上的試劑是哪一種·································（A.碘液B.95%酒精C.美藍(lán)液D.稀釋復(fù)紅液

E.結(jié)晶紫液

13.下述的哪一項不是細(xì)菌生長繁殖的必需條件···························（A.營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)B.PH值C.氣體D.溫度

E.光線

14.以下各部位中，沒有正常菌群旅居的是·································（A.皮膚B.消化道C.呼吸道D.泌尿生殖道

E.血液

15.噬菌體是一類··································································（

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D）B）C）E）E）B）

A.植物的病毒C.真菌的抗體E.以上都不是

B.細(xì)菌的病毒D.細(xì)菌的抗體

16.細(xì)菌的毒力主要取決于······················································（D）A.侵入的數(shù)量B.侵襲力的強弱C.毒素的強弱D.侵襲力、毒素的強弱

E.侵入的途徑

17.可選用紫外線消毒的物體有················································（A.人體皮膚B.污染的桌面C.生理鹽水D.注射器

E.手術(shù)器械

18控制細(xì)菌性狀的遺傳物質(zhì)是.···············································（A.菌毛B.莢膜C.中介體D.核質(zhì)

E.鞭毛

19.不屬于細(xì)菌合成代謝產(chǎn)物的是·············································（A.外毒素B.熱原質(zhì)C.維生素D.抗毒素

E.CO2

20.人體中沒有正常菌群存在的部位是·······································（A.皮膚B.鼻咽部C.陰道D.胸腔

E.外耳道

21.酒精的殺菌原理是····························································（A.使菌體蛋白變性或凝固B.破壞細(xì)菌酶系統(tǒng)C.改變細(xì)胞膜通透性D.抑制細(xì)胞壁的合成

E.改變核酸的代謝

22.細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素的特點是·························································（A.主要為G+菌產(chǎn)生B.化學(xué)成分為蛋白質(zhì)C.毒性作用相像

D.抗原性強

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B）D）D）D）A）C）E.不耐熱

23.與細(xì)菌毒力有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)是···················································（D）A.核質(zhì)C.細(xì)胞漿E.細(xì)胞壁

24.G+菌細(xì)胞壁的成份是·························································（D）B.細(xì)胞膜D.莢膜

A.磷脂B.脂蛋白C.脂多糖D.粘肽

E外膜

25.高壓蒸汽滅菌法常用溫度和時間是·······································（A.121.3℃30~60分鐘B.121.3℃15~30分鐘C.125.3℃10分鐘D.150.3℃5分鐘

E.250.3℃2分鐘

26.細(xì)菌繁殖方式是·······························································（A.二分裂B.出芽C.芽胞形成D.復(fù)制

E.分枝

27.關(guān)于芽胞錯誤的是····························································（A.適合環(huán)境發(fā)芽B.抗?fàn)幜奀.新陳代謝低D.能分裂繁殖

E.芽胞內(nèi)含水量少

28.使用廣譜抗生素引起偽膜性腸炎多屬于·································（A.食物中毒B.細(xì)菌性痢疾C.菌群失調(diào)癥D.過敏性反應(yīng)

E.醫(yī)院內(nèi)感染

29.最重要的傳染源是····························································（A.帶菌者B.病人家屬C.患病病人D.恢復(fù)期病人

E.患病動物

30.革蘭氏陽性菌對青霉素敏感是由于·······································（

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B）A）D）C）A）E）

A.裂解細(xì)胞壁多糖鏈C.酶系統(tǒng)被破壞E.肽聚糖合成受阻

B.蛋白質(zhì)合成抑制D.DNA復(fù)制受阻

31.手術(shù)器械、敷料的滅菌常用················································（A）A.高壓蒸汽滅菌法B.煮沸法C.流通蒸汽法D.間歇滅菌法

E.巴氏消毒法

32.制備卡介菌，結(jié)核桿菌發(fā)生的變異是屬于······························（A.形態(tài)變異B.結(jié)構(gòu)變異C.毒力變異D.耐藥性變異

E.菌落的變異

33.外毒素的毒性作用特點是···················································（A.引起體溫升高B.引起微循環(huán)障礙C.引起膿毒血癥D.引起DIC

E.對組織有選擇性毒害

34.病原菌一時性或休止地侵入血流，在血流中不繁殖稱···············（A.菌血癥B.敗血癥C.毒血癥D.膿毒血癥

E.病毒血癥

35.屬于非細(xì)胞型微生物的是···················································（A.細(xì)菌B.病毒C.真菌D.螺旋體

E.支原體

36.紫外線殺菌原理是····························································（A.抑制菌體旦白的合成B.干擾細(xì)