2019人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修三課文翻譯

UNIT1FESTIVALANDCELEBRATIONSListeningandSpeaking錄音原文Conversation1Interviewer:Miss,congratulationsonbecominganadult!Youlookamazinginyourkimono.Thebrightcoloursareterrific!Girl：Really?That’skindofyoutosayso.Thankyou.Interviewer:You’rewelcome,Didittakeyoumuchtimetogetreadytoday?Girl:Yes,actually.Ispenthoursdoingmyhairandmake-up,andgettingdressed.Butitwasworthit,becauseIwantedtolookmybestattheComing-of-ageceremony.Interviewer:Oh,youlookgreat!Nowthattheceremonyisover,areyougoingtocelebratethedaywithyourfamilyorfriends?Girl:Yes.I’mgoingtomeetmyfamilysoon,andwerehavingapartytonight.Interviewer:Sowhatdoes“beinganadult”meantoyou?Girl:Well,Ithinkitmeansbeingself-supportingandresponsibleforyouractionsandecisions,and./Fadeout/Conversation2LiMei:I’mreadyforCarnival,Carla.Shallwegoandjointheparadenow?Carla:Youmustbejoking,LiMei!Thatdressistoothick.Doyourealisethatit’s35℃outthere?Also,we’regoingtomarchalongthestreetsforhoursanddanceuntilmidnight.Youneedtochange.LiMei:OK.WhatshouldIwear?Carla:Wearsomethinglightandcool.Ialsothinkyouneedowearmorecomfortableshoes.It’llbetootiringtowalkordanceforalongtimeinthoseshoes.LiMei:Hmm.,.You’rerightCanyouwaitforme?I’llchangerightaway.Carla:Sure.(Afterafewseconds.)LiMei:Carla,howdoIlooknow?Carla:Fantastic!Nowlet’sgoandenjoythisfestival!It’sgoingtobesoexciting!Conversation3Guide:Now,everyone,whenweturnthisnextcorner,you’llallhavearealtreatfortheeyes.Man1:Wow!Theselanternsareamazing!Woman:Excuseme,MissLin.Canyoutellmewhat’swrittenonthepiecesofpaper?Aretheywishes?Guide:Notexactly.They’reriddlesforpeopletoguess.Ifyouguesscorrectly,youcangetanicegift.Woman:Ohwhataniceidea!Man2:WhatelsecanChinesepeopledoduringthisfestival?Guide:Oh,theycandomanythings.Theycanwatchthedragonandliondances,andalsoeatyuanxiaowiththeirfamily.Yuanxiaoisakindofsweetdumpling.TheChineseword“yuan”means”familyunityandhappiness.ReadingandThinkingWHYDOWECELEBRATEFESTIVALS我們?yōu)槭裁磻c祝節(jié)日？Festivalsarecelebratedallaroundtheworld.Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,religions,famousfigures,andimportantevents.Everyfestivalhasitsdifferentcustomsanduniquecharms.However,nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem,allovertheworld,thespiritofsharingjoy,gratitude,love,orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals.世界各地都慶祝各種節(jié)日。節(jié)日的由來(lái)五花八門，比如時(shí)節(jié)、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。每個(gè)節(jié)日都有其不同的習(xí)俗和獨(dú)特的魅力。然而，無(wú)論它們多么迥異，在世界各地，分享快樂(lè)、感恩、友愛(ài)或和平的精神存在于所有節(jié)日之中。Ofallthetraditionalfestivals,theharvestfestivalcanbefoundinalmosteveryculture.Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.Peoplecelebratetoshowthattheyaregratefulfortheyear’ssupplyoffood.InancientEgypt,theharvestfestivalwascelebratedduringthespringtime—theEgyptianharvestseason.Itfeaturedaparadeandagreatfeastwithmusic,dancing,andsports.Today,insomeEuropeancountries,peopledecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andgettogethertocelebrateoverameal.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.在所有的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中，豐收節(jié)幾乎可見(jiàn)于每一種文化之中。這一重大的農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)日在所有農(nóng)作物收成后來(lái)臨。人們舉行慶祝活動(dòng)，對(duì)這一年收獲的食物表達(dá)感恩。在古埃及，人們于春季慶祝豐收節(jié)——即埃及的豐收季。慶?；顒?dòng)主要是游行和豐盛的筵席，載歌載舞，并伴有體育活動(dòng)。如今，在一些歐洲國(guó)家，人們用鮮花和水果來(lái)裝飾教堂和市政廳，聚在一起共享大餐，以示慶祝。在中國(guó)的中秋節(jié)，家家戶戶歡聚一堂，觀賞明月，品嘗美味的月餅。Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.Withthedevelopmentofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmayfadeawayandothersmaybeestablished.OneexampleisthetypicalChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.Nowadays,manybigcitieshavegivenupthiscustominordertoavoidairpollution.AnotherexampleisHalloween,whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.風(fēng)俗在節(jié)日中扮演重要角色，但有時(shí)也隨時(shí)間而變化。隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展和新思想的傳播，有些傳統(tǒng)會(huì)漸漸消失，而另一些傳統(tǒng)則得以建立。中國(guó)春節(jié)燃放鞭炮以驅(qū)鬼神、賀新年這一典型風(fēng)俗就是一個(gè)例子。如今，為了避免空氣污染，許多大城市已經(jīng)摒棄了這一風(fēng)俗。另一個(gè)例子是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，雖然起源于宗教，萬(wàn)圣節(jié)漸漸成了孩子們縱情玩樂(lè)的一個(gè)節(jié)日。Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmorecommercial,withbusinesstakingadvantageofthecelebrationsOnlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.Althoughsomebelievefestivalsshouldnotbecommercialised,othersbelievetheincreaseinspendingisgoodfortheeconomyandpublichappiness.節(jié)日正變得越來(lái)越商業(yè)化，商家會(huì)利用這些慶?；顒?dòng)(進(jìn)行促銷)。購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站和社交媒體應(yīng)用程序極大地方便了人們?yōu)橹劣H至愛(ài)花更多錢購(gòu)買禮物。盡管有人認(rèn)為節(jié)日不應(yīng)該被商業(yè)化，但是也有人認(rèn)為消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)有利于(提高)經(jīng)濟(jì)和公眾幸福感。Festivalsareanimportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudestowardslife.Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylife,andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.Theyhelpusunderstandwherewecamefrom,whoweare,andwhattoappreciate.Andifyoustudyfestivalscarefully,youmaybesurprisedtofindthatdifferentculturesactuallyhavealotincommonafterall.節(jié)日是社會(huì)的一個(gè)重要組成部分。節(jié)日反映了人類的愿望、信仰、信念以及對(duì)生活的態(tài)度。節(jié)日是讓我們放松心情、享受生活、暫時(shí)忘卻工作的時(shí)刻。節(jié)日讓我們了解我們來(lái)自何方、我們是誰(shuí)、我們應(yīng)該感恩什么。此外，如果你仔細(xì)研究各種節(jié)日，你會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的文化實(shí)際上有很多共同之處。ListeningandTalking錄音原文SongLin:Hi,Max.Howwasyourholiday?Max:Hi,SongLin.Itwasfantastic,thanks.SongLin:SoyouwentbacktoCanadatocelebrateChristmaswithyourfamily,right?Max:Yes.Ihadn’tseenmyfamilyforawholeyear.Soitwasgreattoseethemagain.SongLin:Goodforyou!Sowhatdidyoudowhenyouarrivedhome?Max:Well,firstIhelpeddecoratetheChristmastreeandputpresentsunderit.ThenIhelpedmymumprepareforthefamilydinneronChristmasEve.SongLin:Howwonderful!Yourmummusthavebeenveryhappy.Iguessitwasareallybigmeal.Max:Oh.forsure!Wecookedsomuchdeliciousfood,likeroastturkey,mashedpotatoes,andChristmaspudding.Sheeventaughtmehowtomakeapplepie,whichismyfavourite.songLin:That’samazing.Ididn’tknowyoucouldcookMax:Haha!Ididn’tknoweither.Anyway,itwasgreattobewithmyfamily.Duringdinner,wesharedstoriesandtoldjokes.Wealsoplayedgameswiththekidsafterwards.Itwasgreatfun!Thebestpart,though,wasopeningourpresentsonChristmasmorning.SongLin:Oh,thatsoundsterrific,Max.I’mreallyhappythatyouwereabletoenjoyChristmaswithyourfamily.Festivalsaregreat,aren’tthey?Justrelaxwithyourfamilyandrememberwhat’strulyimportantinlife.ReadingforWritingMYAMAZINGNAADAMEXPERIENCE我的那達(dá)慕大會(huì)奇妙經(jīng)歷IexperiencedtheNaadamFestivalinChina’sInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionforthefirsttimethisyear.Thefestivalfallsonthefourthdayofthesixmonthofthelunarcalendar,usuallylastingforthreedays.Naadammeans“games”inMongolian,anditisrepresentedbythreeevents:horseracing,wresting,andarchery,whichareallsoexcitingtowatch!今年，我第一次體驗(yàn)了中國(guó)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的那達(dá)慕大會(huì)。該節(jié)日于每年農(nóng)歷六月初四開(kāi)始的，通常為期3天?！澳沁_(dá)慕”在蒙古語(yǔ)中的意思是“游戲”，主要表現(xiàn)為三大賽事：賽馬、摔跤和射箭，每項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)都動(dòng)人心魄！Onthefirstday,IsetofftothegamesearlywithmyfriendBurin.IsawalotofpeoplewearingfancyMongolianrobes.Someotherswerechattingortakingphotographs.BurintoldmethatMongolianstraveleveryyearfromnearandfartoattendthefestival,justastheirancestorshaddoneforcenturies.(那達(dá)慕大會(huì)的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出發(fā)來(lái)到了會(huì)場(chǎng)。我看到很多人穿著華麗的蒙古袍。有的在喂馬，有的在練習(xí)射箭，其他人則在聊天或拍照。布林告訴我說(shuō)，與他們數(shù)百年前的祖先一樣，蒙古人每年都會(huì)從四面八方趕來(lái)參加這一節(jié)日。Aftertheopeningceremonyandsomeamazingperformances,thewrestlingcompetitionbegan.MongolianwrestlingisdifferentfromthewrestlingintheOlympicGames.Therearenorounds,andwrestlersarenotseparatedbyweight.Thewrestlerslosesifanypartofhisbodyabovehiskneetouchestheground.Aftersingingsomesongs,thecompetitorsdancedontothegreenfield,wavingtheirarmsintheairasiftheywereeagles.Iwasquitemovedbytheirshowofstrengthandgrace.在開(kāi)幕式和幾項(xiàng)精彩的表演之后，摔跤比賽開(kāi)始了。蒙古式摔跤與奧運(yùn)會(huì)的摔跤比賽有所不同：比賽不分回合，摔跤手不分體重。如果摔跤手膝蓋以上任何部位著地即被判輸。幾首歌唱畢，選手們開(kāi)始在草地上翩翩起舞，他們]揮動(dòng)著雙臂，宛如雄鷹。這剛與柔的展示深深地打動(dòng)了我。Iabsolutelyenjoyedthearchery,too,butthehorseracesweremyfavouritepart.However,Iwassurprisedtoseethattheriderswereboysandgirls!Ihearditisbecausechildrenarelighterandthehorsescanrunfasterandfarther.Atfirst,Iwasalittleworriedaboutthechildren’ssafety,butBurinsaid,“Don’tworry.They’vebeenridinghorsesalltheirlives.They’llbejustfine.”ThatwasthemomentIstartedtounderstandwhypeoplesay“HorsesareattheheartofMongolianculture”....射箭同樣令我嘆為觀止，但賽馬才是我最喜愛(ài)的部分。然而，看到賽馬選手們都是男孩和女孩，我十分驚訝！聽(tīng)說(shuō)這是因?yàn)閮和w重更輕，馬兒才能跑得更快、更遠(yuǎn)。剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心這些孩子的安全，但布林卻說(shuō)：“別擔(dān)心，他們是在馬背上長(zhǎng)大的，不會(huì)有事的?！蔽翌D時(shí)明白了為什么人們說(shuō)“馬是蒙古文化的核心”了?！璉’mfinallybackhomenow,feelingreallytired,butcelebratingNaadamwithmyfriendwastotallyworthit.HeinvitedmebackforthewintertostayinatraditionalMongoliantentandeathotpot.Ican’twait!我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但能和我的朋友一起慶祝那達(dá)慕，再累也是值得的。他邀請(qǐng)我冬天時(shí)再去住傳統(tǒng)的蒙古包，吃火鍋。我已經(jīng)迫不及待了！VideoTime視頻原文TheLanternFestivalThefiredragondancetakesplaceinPuzhaiTowninGuangdongProvinceeveryyear.Peoplebelievethedragoncandriveawayevilandbringfavourableweatherforfarming.Thistraditionismorethan300yearsold.TheLanternFestivalfallsonthefifteenthdayofthefirstmonthofthelunaryearanditisthefirstsignificantfestivalafterChineseNewYear.ItalsomarksthefinaldayoftheChineseNewYearcelebrations.ThemainactivityduringtheLanternFestivalislookingatlanterns.Onthedayofthefestival,nomatterwhereyougo—thestreets,markets,shops,parks,andhomes—youcanseebeautifullanterns.Childrenliketoplayoutsidewiththeirlanterns.Intheevening,mostcitieswillorganiselanternshowswhichaddtothefestiveatmosphere.Theshowshavelanternsofdifferentshapes,includinganimals,flowers,people,buildings,andmore.Riddlesareusuallywrittenonthelanterns.Peoplecrowdaroundtotrytoguesstheriddles.Thisisoneofthemostpopularactivitiessincethebeginningofthefestival.YuanxiaoisthespecialfoodoftheLanternFestival.Differentfillingsarestuffedintoballsofstickyriceflour.Theyarethenboiledandenjoyedbyallfamiliesonthenightofthefestival.Theroundshapeofyuanxiaosymbolisesreunion,harmony,andhappiness.Interestingly,theLanternFestivalwasknownasChineseValentinesDay’sinthepast.Intheolddays,younggirlswereusuallynotallowedtoleavetheirhouses,exceptduringtheLanternFestivalwhentheycouldjointhecrowds.Therefore,thefestivalbecamearareopportunitythatonlyhappenedonceayearforsinglepeopletofindlovewhilelookingatlanterns.Anditwasalsoagooddayforloverstomeet.ManyancientChinesepoetshavewrittenpoemsabouttheLanternFestivalwhichdescribehappymomentsandalsothestoriesofyounglovers.However,inmostpartsofChinatoday,thefestivalhaslosttheseoriginalmeanings.Withahistoryofover2,000yearsasatraditionalChinesefestival,theLanternFestivaliscelebratedbothinChinaandabroad.Chinesepeoplelivinginanypartoftheworldcanexperienceandsharethisexcitingfestival.UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESListeningandSpeaking錄音原文Luke:HiJane!Whatareyoureading?Jane:Oh,hey,Luke!I’mreadingaveryinterestingmagazinearticleaboutmoraldilemmas.Luke:Moraldilemma?Whatdoyoumean?Jane:Youknow,it'swhenyouhavetwochoices,andyouhavetochooseone,butformoralreasonssometimesitcouldbereallydifficulttodecide.Luke:Oh,situationslikethatdon’thappenveryoften,dothey?Jane:Actually,Ithinkpeoplefacemoraldilemmasallthetime,evenusstudents.Luke:Really?Likewhat?Jane:Well,forexample,itmentionsagirlwhowastakingtheentranceexamforamedicaluniversityinBeijing.Duringtheexam,thestudentnexttoherfainted.Thegirlhadachoice.Shouldshefinishtheexamorshouldshestopandhelpthestudent?Luke:Surelytheteacherswouldlookafterthestudentwhofainted!Jane:Well,that’swhatIthought—butnotthisgirl.Shestoppedtohelpthestudent,thinkingthatitwasbettertoputtheneedsoftheotherpersonfirst.Luke:Sowhathappenedtoherexam?Jane:Sheneverfinishedit.Instead,shecarriedthestudenttoasafeplaceandlookedafterher.Thenshewenttothehospitalwiththestudentandcalledhersister.Luke:Ican’tbelieveshewouldgiveupherchancetogetintomedicaluniversity!Whowoulddosuchathing?Jane:Well,thatgirlwasLinQiaozhi.ShelaterDIDgetintomedicaluniversityandthenshebecameagreatdoctor.Shebecamefamousforcaringfortensofthousandsofwomenandtheirbabies.Luke:Oh,wow!Soshebecameadoctoreventhoughsheleftherexamthatday!Jane:Yes.Herlifewasfullofhardchoices,butshedidn’tletthemstopherfromtakingcareofpeoplewhowereinneed.Shealwayscaredforothersmorethanforherself.ReadingandThinkingMOTHEROFTENTHOUSANDBABIES萬(wàn)嬰之母“Lifeisprecious....Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife,andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife,howcouldIrefusethattrust,sayingI’mcold,hungry,ortired?”ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman,andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.“生命誠(chéng)可貴。……對(duì)一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，生命是最寶貴的，而現(xiàn)在這個(gè)人對(duì)你說(shuō)，我把生命交給你，那么你還說(shuō)什么呢？你冷？你餓？你困？”從林巧稚醫(yī)生的這番話，我們可以看到這位偉大女性的內(nèi)心世界，以及到底是什么支撐著她走過(guò)充滿艱難抉擇的一生。Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwasdeeplyaffectedbyhermother’sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!”林巧稚五歲時(shí)母親病故，這對(duì)她影響極大。十八歲時(shí)，她沒(méi)有像大多數(shù)的女孩那樣走上婚姻這一傳統(tǒng)道路，而是選擇了學(xué)醫(yī)。”女孩子讀那么多書(shū)干嘛？找個(gè)好丈夫才是她們的歸宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)就這么抱怨。她回答：”我寧愿一輩子不嫁人，也要學(xué)醫(yī)！”Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)withtheWehaiScholarship,thehighestprizegiventograduates.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Withinsixmonths,shewasnamedachiefresidentphysician,apositionthatusuallytookfouryearstoachieve.Afterworkingforafewyears,shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthen,in1939,intheUS.ShegreatlyimpressedherAmericancolleagues,whoinvitedhertostay.DrLin,however,rejectedtheoffer.Shewantedtoservethewomenandchildrenathome.八年后，林巧稚畢業(yè)于北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院，并獲得了該校畢業(yè)生的最高榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)——”文?！豹?jiǎng)學(xué)金。她隨即成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院婦產(chǎn)科有史以來(lái)第一位被聘為住院醫(yī)師的女性。不到六個(gè)月，她就成了住院主任醫(yī)師，而升任這一職位通常需要四年時(shí)間。工作了幾年之后，她被派往歐洲學(xué)習(xí)，之后于1939年又赴美學(xué)習(xí)。美國(guó)同行對(duì)她印象極佳，邀請(qǐng)她留下。但是，林醫(yī)生謝絕了邀請(qǐng)。她希望服務(wù)祖國(guó)的婦女和兒童。In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital,butjustafewmonthslater,thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.1941年，林醫(yī)生成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科的首位中國(guó)籍女主任，但是僅僅數(shù)月之后，婦產(chǎn)科就因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)而關(guān)閉。想到還有那么多人需要幫助，林醫(yī)生開(kāi)辦了一間私人診所。她向病人收取的治療費(fèi)用極低，而且經(jīng)常為窮苦病人減免費(fèi)用。有時(shí)，人們甚至?xí)吹剿T著毛驢去偏遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村給人看病。ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.In1954,shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople’sCongressand,overthenextseveraldecades,sheheldmanyimportantpositions.Herheart,however,waselsewhere.Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients,publishingmedicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,andtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors.“TheOB-GYNdepartmentcaresfortwolives,”Shetoldnewstaffinherdepartment.“Asdoctors,weshouldberesponsibleforthepatientsandtreatthemasoursisters.”中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，林巧稚醫(yī)生發(fā)揮了更大的作用。1954年，她當(dāng)選第一屆全國(guó)人大代表；在隨后的幾十年間，她擔(dān)任許多重要職位。然而，她的心卻在別處。她更感興趣的是治病救人、發(fā)表婦幼護(hù)理醫(yī)學(xué)研究成果、培養(yǎng)下一代的醫(yī)生?！眿D產(chǎn)科救治的是母嬰兩條生命,”她對(duì)科室的新入職的醫(yī)務(wù)人員說(shuō)道，”作為醫(yī)生，我們必須對(duì)患者負(fù)責(zé)，視她們?nèi)缃忝谩！盩houghLinQiaozhinevermarried,shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied,22April1983.Sinceshehadnochildrenofherown,shelefthersavingstoakindergartenandafundfornewdoctors.Andevenasshelaydying,herfinalthoughtswereforothers:“I’mreadytogo,”shesaid.“Don’ttrytorescuemeanymore.Don’twastethemedicineanymore.”雖然林巧稚終身未婚，但是她被稱為”萬(wàn)嬰之母”，她一生中親手接生的嬰兒有五萬(wàn)多名。林醫(yī)生堅(jiān)守在崗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。由于自己沒(méi)有孩子，她把積蓄捐給了一家幼兒園和一項(xiàng)新醫(yī)生基金。臨終時(shí)，她仍在為別人著想。”我要走了，”她說(shuō)，”不要再搶救了，不要再浪費(fèi)藥品了?！盠isteningandTalking錄音原文Host:HelloandwelcometotheRushHourShow,theradioshowforyourwayhome.OurguesttodayisKevinMiller,withthePayItForwardFoundation.Welcome,Kevin,sowhatis“payingitforward”?Kevin:Hi,there.So“payingitforward”meansthatifyoureceivekindnessfromsomeone,youdon’ttrytopaythemback.Instead,yougooutandshowkindnesstosomeoneelse.Host:Oh,soit'slikehelpingastranger.Canyougiveusanexampleofhowitworks?Kevin:Well,I’msureyou’veheardthefamouscountrysong,“TheChainofLove”.Thesongstartswithamanwhohelpsaladywhosecarhasbrokendown.Theladywantstopayhim,buthewon'tacceptpayment,insteadtellingthewomantojustshowkindnesstoanotherperson.Later,whentheladystopsatacafe,shenoticesherwaitressispregnantandtired.Whentheladyfinisheseating,shepaysforhermealwithahundred-dollarbill.Thentheladywalksout,leavingthechangeandanoteforthewaitress.Hernotetellsthewaitresstocontinuethechainofkindness.Thesonghasasurpriseending.Thewaitressgoeshometoherhusband,happybecauseofthekindnesstheladyshowedher.Thenwefindoutthathe’sthemanwhofirststartedthechainofkindness!Host:Whatagreatstory!Sodoesthishappeninreallife?Kevin:Yes,actually.Onewoman,afterpayingforhercoffee,thenquietlypaidforthecoffeeofthecustomerbehindher.Whenthatcustomerdiscoveredhiscoffeehadbeenpaidfor,hepaidforthecustomerbehindhim.Thechainofkindnesscontinuedforhours.Nearly400peoplepaidforthecoffeeofthepersonbehindthem!Host:Wow,that’samazing.Sowhatcanourlistenersdotohelp?Kevin:Well,jointhechainofkindnesstodayandjointhemillionsofpeoplewhoare“payingitforward”!Weneverknowwhatlightwemightsparkinothersbyourkindness.ReadingforWritingTHESTONEINTHEROAD擋道的石頭Onceuponatimetherewasakingwhooftenthought,“Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.”O(jiān)neday,hehadanidea.從前有個(gè)國(guó)王，他經(jīng)常思考：”如果一個(gè)國(guó)家的人民只會(huì)抱怨，而且總是期待別人來(lái)解決他們的問(wèn)題，那么這個(gè)國(guó)家就不會(huì)有什么好事?！庇幸惶欤氲揭粋€(gè)辦法。Earlyonemorning,thekingdisguisedhimselfandwenttoalocalvillage.Heplacedalargestoneinthemiddleofthemainstreetandhidgoldcoinsunderthestone.Thenhehidbehindahugemapletreeandwatched.一天清晨，國(guó)王喬裝打扮一番后，來(lái)到了當(dāng)?shù)氐囊蛔迩f。他在主路中間放了一塊大石頭，并且在石頭下面藏了幾枚金幣。然后，他就躲在一棵大楓樹(shù)后觀察。Thefirstpersondownthestreetwasamilkmanwithhiscart.Hecrashedintothestone,pillingthemilkeverywhere,“Whatfoolputthisstonehere?”heshouted.Hepickedhimselfupandangrilywentaway.路上走來(lái)的第一個(gè)人是推著車子的送奶工。他撞到石頭上，把牛奶潑得到處都是，他大喊：”哪個(gè)傻瓜把石頭放在這兒了？”他從地上爬起來(lái)，氣呼呼地走了。Afterawhile,agroupofwomencamealong,eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead.Onewomantrippedoverthestoneandherwaterpotwentcrashingtotheground.Shepickedherselfupandlimpedawayintears.Neithershenorherfriendsthoughtaboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，一群婦女走了過(guò)來(lái)，她們每個(gè)人頭上都頂著一罐水。其中一個(gè)女人被石頭絆倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她從地上爬起來(lái)，噙著淚一瘸一拐地走了。無(wú)論是她自己，還是她的同伴，都沒(méi)有想到把石頭從路中間挪開(kāi)。Thekingwatchedalldayasmanypeoplecomplainedaboutthestone,buthefoundnobodymakinganattempttomoveit.Thekingwasindespair.“Istherenooneinthisvillagewhofeelsanyresponsibilitytokeeptheirneighboursfromharm?”國(guó)王觀察了一整天，看到許多人都在埋怨這塊石頭，卻沒(méi)人試著把它挪開(kāi)。國(guó)王絕望了?！彪y道整個(gè)村子都沒(méi)有一個(gè)人覺(jué)得有責(zé)任讓鄰居免遭不測(cè)嗎？”Justthen,thekingsawayounggirlcomingalong.Shewasthedaughterofalocalfarmer.Shehadbeenworkingalldayandwasverytired.Butwhenshesawthestone,shesaidtoherself,“Thisstoneisadangertoanyonewhocomesdownthestreetafterdark.I’llmoveitoutoftheway.”就在這時(shí)，國(guó)王看見(jiàn)一個(gè)年輕的姑娘迎面走來(lái)。小姑娘是當(dāng)?shù)匾晃晦r(nóng)民的女兒。忙活了一天，她疲憊不堪。然而，當(dāng)她看到那塊石頭，她自言自語(yǔ)道：”對(duì)于天黑以后走在這條路上的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這塊石頭很危險(xiǎn)，我得把它從這條路上挪開(kāi)?！盩hegirlpushedthestonewithallhermight.Afteragreatdealofeffort,shefinallysucceededinmovingittothesideofthestreet.Imaginehersurprisewhenshesawthegoldcoinswherethestonehadbeen!女孩使出了全身力氣去推石頭。費(fèi)了好大一番工夫，她終于成功地把石頭推到了路邊。想象一下，當(dāng)她看到原先石頭所在之處的金幣時(shí)有多么驚訝！Justthen,thekingsteppedoutfrombehindthetree.“Ohsir,”thegirlsaid,“doesthisgoldbelongtoyou?Ifnot,wesurelymustfindtheowner,forhewillcertainlymissit.”此時(shí)，國(guó)王從樹(shù)后走了出來(lái)?！迸?，先生，”女孩說(shuō)道，”這些金幣是您的嗎？如果不是的話，我們得找到失主，他一定十分著急?！盩hekingsaid,“Mydear,thegoldismine.Iputitintheroadandmovedthestoneoverit.Nowthegoldisyours,becauseyouaretheonlypersonwhohaslearntthelessonIwantedtoteachmypeople.”國(guó)王答道：”親愛(ài)的，金幣是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石頭壓在上面?，F(xiàn)在，金幣歸你了，因?yàn)槲蚁虢探o我的子民的道理，只有你一人學(xué)會(huì)了?！盫ideoTime視頻原文ConfuciusandRenNarrator:Formorethan2,000years,theteachingsofConfuciushavebeenanimportantpartofChineseculture.ScholarsinancientChinawereexpectedtobewell-educatedinthephilosophyandmoralvaluesofConfucius.Eventoday,ConfucianthoughtisstillgreatlyvaluedineducationandinsocietybothinChinaandinotherEastAsiancountries.Question:Whydoyouthinktoday’sstudentsshouldshadytheteachingsofConfucius?ProfessorGuan:TheteachingsofConfuciusareallaboutthemostbasicvaluesoflife.Confuciustalksaboutthingslikehowtobecomeabetterperson,howtogetalongwithotherpeople,howtoliveahappy,meaningfullifeIfourstudentsreallyunderstandtheseideas,itcouldchangetheirlife.Narrator:WhenyoureadthewritingsofConfucius,youwillseeaconstantlyrecurringword,aChinesecharacterthatrepresentstheheartofConfucianthought:thecharacterren.Whatisren?Ifyoulookcloselyatthewrittencharacter,youcanunderstandwhatitmeans.Theleft-handelementofthecharacterrepresentsaperson,ahumanbeing,theelementontherightstandsforthenumbertwo.Thetwoelements,whenjoined,indicaterelationshipsbetweenindividualsorwithallofsocietyConfuciustaughtthatrenwasthehighestmoralprinciple,thestandardbywhichallothermoralsweremeasured.InEnglish,manydifferentwordshavebeenusedtotranslateren:benevolence,love,kindheartedness,goodness,andhumanity,tonameafew.Question:Wheredoesrencomefrom?ProfessorLei:Confuciussaidthatthiskindoflove,ren,beginswiththelovetoone’sownparents.Confuciusbelievedthatifsomeonecannotlovehisownparents,healsocannotloveotherpeople.Ifwecanshowthislovetoourownfamily,wecanalsoshowthislovetootherpeoplearoundus,tothecountry,andtothewholeworld.Narrator:OneofthegreatestscholarswhostudiedConfucianthinking,amannamedMencius,explainedrenlikethis:“l(fā)ovingone’sparents,lovingpeople,lovingeverythingintheworld.”Zigongasked.“Isthereonesingleconceptthatwecantakeasaguideforallactionsinourlives?“Confuciussaid,Whatabout‘fairness’?Whateveryoudon’tlikedonetoyourself.don’tdoittoothers.”Thiskindofloveshoulddirecteverythingwedo.Itleadsthewaytoallothervirtuesinlife.“Donotdotoothersanythingthatyouwouldnotwantdonetoyou.“ThistruthfromthetimeofConfuciusstillholdstruetoday.UNIT3DIVERSECULTURESListeningandSpeaking錄音原文Interviewer:TodayourguestisSteveFox.He’sheretotalkaboutculturalinfluencesonAmericanfood.Welcome,Steve!Steve:Thankyou.It’snicetobehere.Interviewer:WhenitcomestoAmericanfood,somesaynofoodwaseverinventedinAmerica.Whatdoyouthink?Steve:Hmm.,.That’snotreallytrue.Forexample,somesaythehamburgercomesfromHamburginGermany,butthey’rewrong.TherecipeforthemeatinahamburgermayhavecomefromGermany,butthefinalhamburgerweknowtodaywasdefinitelycreatedbyAmericans.Interviewer:Youmeantherewasamixingofcultures?FoodfromoverseaschangedwhenitarrivedintheStates.Steve:Right.Andtherearemanymoreexamplesofmixed-culturedishes.Likenachos,forexample.Interviewer:Oh,Ijustlovenachos!Mexicancornchipscoveredincheese!Steve:Yes,they’redelicious,butthey’renottraditionalMexicanfood.TherecipewasactuallyinventedbyaMexicancookforhisAmericancustomers.Thentherearefortunecookies.….Interviewer:Whatdoyoumean?Steve:They’renotChinese.Interviewer:You’rekidding!ButeveryChineserestaurantinAmericahasthem!Steve:Yes,butthey’reunknowninChina.About100yearsago,someoneinSanFranciscoputapieceofpaperwithafortuneonitinsideaJapanese-stylecookie,andthefortunecookiewasborn!Interviewer:Wow!That/sinteresting!Sothey’relikeamixoftheChinese,American,andJapanesecultures.Steve:Yougotit.Andthenwehavegumbo,thespicystew.ItwasinventedinNewOrleansover200yearsago,andmixesFrench,African,NativeAmerican,andSpanishcooking.Interviewer:Soit’sthefoodofmanydifferentcultures,allinonedish?Steve:Exactly.Americancookingoftenmixesthingsfromaroundtheworldtomakesomethingcompletelynew.ReadingandThinkingWednesday,21June6月21日，星期三TodaywasmyfirstdaybackinSanFranciscoaftercampingintheRedwoodForestandvisitingthewinecountryofNapaValley.Ihavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.Andwhatacity—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethatoccurredin1906.Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills,offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.在紅杉林露營(yíng)并參觀了納帕谷酒鄉(xiāng)后，今天是我回到舊金山的第一天。我得承認(rèn)，再次回到城里的感覺(jué)實(shí)在是太棒了。多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。這里有眾多美麗的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巔，城市、大海和金門大橋美景盡收眼底。Myhotelisneardowntown,intheMissionDistrict,oneoftheoldestpartsofthecity.ManyofthepeoplelivingherearefromMexicoorCentralAmerica.Thisdistrictusedtobeapoorareaoftown,butisnowacentreforart,music,andfood.Infact,anartmovementcalledthe“MissionSchool”startedhere.It’sinfluencedbygraffitiartandcomicart.Iwalkedaroundlookingatthestreetartforafewhours.Itwasquitemodernandlively.Afterwards,I