主語從句與賓語從句-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

主語從句一、

定義

在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句即為主語從句。eg.Herbeautyimpressedmedeeply.

Whatimpressedmemostwasherbeauty.二、

主語從句的連接詞及句法功能（接下表）連接詞詞義在句中所作成分連接代詞who,whom,which,whose,what原疑問代詞的意義，“what”常表示“所...的東西”主賓表定whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whosever無論...主賓表定連接副詞when,where,why,how原疑問副詞的意義狀語whenever,wherever,無論...狀語從屬連詞that,whethertha無意義，whether為“是否”不作成分例句Thathewillsucceediscertain.Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.Whowillbesenttherehasnotbeendecided.Whatweneedismorewater.Whomyouwilllookafterisnotknown.Whosehouseitisstillremainsamystery.Whichchoiceisthebestisunknown.Whoeverdiditshouldbepunished.Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.Whoseverbookisoverduewillbefined.(不常見)WhereIspendmysummerisnoneofyourbusiness.Whenwewillsetoffhasn’tbeendecided.Whydinosaursdiedoutremainsapuzzle.Howheearnrdhislifebeforeisnotcleartous.Wheneveryoucomeiswelcomed.三、

主語從句中it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)為了保持句子平衡常把主語從后置，而用形式主語it替代。常見句型如下；句型說明Itis+adj.+that從句形容詞有：obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,(un)likely,certain,important,necessary,wrong,strangeItis+n.+that從句名詞有：nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,a/nosurprise,afact,aquestion,anidea,ashameItis+過去分詞+that從句過去分詞有：said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,known,proved,suggested,estimatedIt+特殊動詞+that從句動詞有：（不及物）appear,happen,seem,occur,doesn’tmatter；

（及物）worry,shock1.ItispossiblethathehasbeentoBeijing.2.It’sapitythatyoudidn’tattendthemeeting.3.Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.4.Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.5.Ithappenedthattheywereoutthatday.6.Itshockedmethatshefailedintheexam.四、

注意事項(xiàng)1.從句的語序要用陳述語序。eg.Whatweneedismorewater.2.從句作主語時(shí)主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。eg.Whatypusaidjustnowisquiteright.3.從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般取決于主句的時(shí)態(tài)。eg.Whatimpressedmemostwasherbeauty.賓語從句一、定義

在主從復(fù)合句中作動詞或介詞賓語的從句叫作賓語從句。二、連接詞類別例詞說明從屬連詞that,whether/if都不作成分，that無意義，whether/if表“是否”之意。連接代詞who,whose,what,which(ever)在從句中作主、賓、表、定等成分連接副詞when,why,where,how,在從句中作狀語例句呈現(xiàn)ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOshouldknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhichphoneyouwillbuy?Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?Doyouknowwhosebookitis?Thisprizebelongstowhoeverwins.Thegirlisinterestedinwhatevershesees.Canyoutellmewherethewashroomis?Hedidn’ttellmewhentheclassbegin.CouldyoutellmehowcouldIgetadictionary.Thisstoryisabouthowhebecomeahero.<注>that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that引導(dǎo)賓語從句沒有意義，不充當(dāng)成分。其省略情況如下：eg.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandyouwereaskednottocareaboutit.Iknownothingabouthimexcept/but/besidethatheisfromthesouth.Hetoldme(that)hewouldacceptmyinvitation.省略情況能省略動詞或形容詞的賓從中的that；有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓從時(shí)，第一個從句中的that不能省略介詞的賓從中的that；有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓從時(shí)，后面從句中的that(2)whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓從情況whetherif從句置于句首時(shí)√從句作介詞的賓語時(shí)（位于介詞后面）√從句作discuss，doubt等動詞的賓語時(shí)√與or/ornot/todo連用時(shí)√eg.WhetherhewillcomeIdon’tcare.Idon’tcareofwhetherheishandsome.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwecangetthechance.I’mwonderingwhethertostayforanotherday.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.三、時(shí)態(tài)1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，從句不限時(shí)態(tài)。（主現(xiàn)在從任意）eg.Idon’tknowwhenhewillcome.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.Hetellsmethathissisiterishavinglunch.2.主過從也過（一般過去式，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)）eg.Thechilddidnitknowwhohewas.Heaskedhisfatherhowithadhappened.Shesaidtheywouldhaveaschooltripthenextweekend.<注>主句盡管是過去時(shí)，從句為客觀事實(shí)或真理，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.四、人稱變化一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。（直接引語變間接引語）五、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移在含有賓從的復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主語的主語是第一