2015年考研英語二真題及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)Inourcontemporaryculturetheprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat-astrangerisvirtuallyunbearableEveryonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones，evenwithouta1undergroundItsasadreality-ourdesiretoavoid ctingwithotherhumanbeings-theres2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldntknowit，3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4：PleasedontapproachWhatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourOneanswerisfear,accordingto Wortmann,executivementalcoachWefearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6ascreep,WefearweIIbe7WefearweIIbedisruptiveStrangersareinherently8tous，sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintancesToavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.Phones eoursecurityblanket，Wortmannsays.Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup，itdoesnt12sobad.Inone2011experiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidntexpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,nota reportedhavingbeen18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.Itsthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D][A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D][A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D][A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D][A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D][A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D][A]fired[B]judged[C]reced[D][A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D][A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D][A]attend[B]point[C]take[D][A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D][A]hurt[B]resis[C]bend[D][A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D][A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D][A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D][A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D][A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]put[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]In[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D][A]funny[B]simple[C]Iogical[D]SectionⅡReadingPartATextAnewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeoplescor lol.Whichisitatstressmarker.Whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaceofrefuge.Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamaske,Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.itismennotwomen.Whoreportbeingbappicrathomethanatwork,Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewith andwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypcoplcwhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesntmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestillngworkwhentheyreathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareyingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,itsnotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butitsnotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhattheyresupposedtobeng:working,makingmoney,ngthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawan e.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,oriftheyreteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,theyreyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soitsnotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthatwasanunrealisticceforgeneratedmorestressthantheworkce[C]wasanidealceforstressmeasurement[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkceAccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestatWorkingmothers[C]Childlesswives[D]Working23Theblurringofworkingwomensrolesreferstothefactthay[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewivestheirhomeisalsoaceforkickingback[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheirofficeThewordmoola(Line4，4)mostprobablyThehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkceinthat[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating[D]familylaborisoftenadequayrewardedTextForyears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreatedadoxinthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhastoreproduceandwiden,ratherthancloseachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaper inginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegreeTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learntherulesofthegame，andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,theywriteAndthis esmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimproveRecruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas[A]reducedtheirdropoutratesnarrowedtheachievementmisseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudentsTheauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause[A]theproblemissolvable[qtherecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtoThestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[qareinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapcanhaveapotentialinfluenceonothermaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastgraphthatuniversitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionEvenintraditionaloffices，thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago，saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples.IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals，therewerestrategies，thereweretives，butwedidnttalkaboutenergy；wedidnttalkaboutKoehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisteam-oriented-andnotbycoincidence.LetsnotforgetsDorts-inmale-corporateAmerica，itsstillabigdeal.Itsnotexplicitlyconscious；itstheideathatImacoach，andyouremyteam，andwereinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompaniesbutmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and，asKhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm.Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations：Termslikevision，values，passion，andpurpose，saidKhuranaThisnewfocuson alfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThemommywarsofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcanthaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandbergsLeanIn，whosetitlehas eabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyourpassion,youIIbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbedspeakEveryoneitbutmanageloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，Youcangetpeopletothinkitsnonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.Inaworkcethatsfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouareAccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehas [A]moreemotionalmoretive[C]lessenergetic[E]lessstrategicteam-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto[A]historicals[B]genderdifference[C]sportscultureKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto[A]revivehistoricalterms [C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn[A]voicesforworkingwomen[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployeesWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]RegularpeoplemockitbutacceptitText4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporledforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemploymenttaketo6Jpercent.atgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargelyovedookcd.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000（4,4percent）aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexiningtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeoplelus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheanswerisyes.theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyelassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheylthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymrswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandWhichpartofthejobspicturewasTheprospectofathrivingjobTheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timeThepossibilityoffullTheaccelerationofjobManypeopleworkpart-timebecausepreferpart-timejobstofull-timefeelthatisenoughtomakeendscannotgettheirhandsonfull-timehaventseentheweaknessoftheInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentintheishardertoacquirethanoneyearshowsageneraltendencyofsatisfiestherealneedoftheislowerthanbeforetheItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetemploymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetitisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilyfull-timeemploymentisstillessentialforThetextmainlyemploymentinthepart-timerinsurancethroughObamacaresSomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercorneToucghUefortunay,lifeisnotabedofroses,Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,arontanticrelatlonshlpofahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldremrthattheywontlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventallymoveastowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsIvelearnedalongtheway.Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunay,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.Myfavoriteactorwillsmithoncesaid,Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.Idocompleyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.Ifyouareby.Sometimesitiscasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcominingaboutsomething.Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysremrthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople,Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives.Trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandcncouragement.45Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingtivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourofownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethatsveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsitseasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedonthavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecantremrthejourneywellbecausewedidntpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter.PartSupposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticetobrieflyintroducethecampactivities,callforYoushouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBWriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,yourshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWER.C.DCACABDBDAABDCDAwentCinBsince20BsimpleText1答案DofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkBchildlessAtheyarebothbreadwinnersandCBdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cutText2答案CmissitsoriginalAtheproblemisCareinneedoffinancialDareinexperiencedinhandlingissuesatDcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3答案AmoreCsportsDstrengthenemployeeAvoicesforworkingCcompaniesfindittobefundamentalBtheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timeCcannotgettheirhandsonfull-timeBshowsageneraltendencyofBempolymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsureance41.DMostofyourfearsareEThinkaboutthe[resentGTherearemanythingstobegratefulAYouarenotCPaveyourownuniquePARTInordertoenrichhighschoolstudents’lifeinsummerholidayandexpandthereputationofouruniversity,theStudentsUnionaregoingtohosta