句子成分種類結構課件公開課獲獎課件

中考復習專題句子成分、種類和構造第1頁一、句子含義句子是一種語言單位，由詞按照一定語法規(guī)則構成，表達一種完整獨立意思。從形式上看：一種點就是一種句子。第2頁二、句子成分定義：構成句子各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有重要成分和次要成分；重要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語第3頁1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語第4頁

㈠主語（subject）

句子闡明人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）

（代詞）（數詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化形容詞）（句子）第5頁找出句中主語Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（代詞）（數詞）（動名詞）

（不定式）（句子）(名詞化形容詞）（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）Haveatry第6頁㈡謂語

闡明主語動作、狀態(tài)和特性簡樸謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組構成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復合謂語:由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing第7頁Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）(代詞）(數詞)(名詞化形容詞)(三)賓語

動作對象或承受者——及物動詞或介詞賓語（不定式）（動名詞）（句子）第8頁賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.第9頁（四）表語在系動詞后部分就是表語Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.寶貴悠閑，舒適第10頁（五）定語

修飾或限制名詞或代詞詞、詞組或從句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數詞)(名詞所有格)(動名詞)(目前分詞)(過去分詞)鋼鐵藥丸第11頁定語后置：假如定語是由一種單詞表達時，一般要前置。而由一種詞組或一種句子表達時，一般則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?第12頁（六）狀語

狀語功用：狀語闡明地點、時間、原因、目旳、成果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan孤兒.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspite怨恨ofhisillness.時間狀語地點狀語原因狀語成果狀語目狀語方式狀語條件狀語程度狀語伴隨狀語伴隨狀語第13頁Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）賓語補足語

有些及物動詞除了有一種直接賓語以外，還要有一種賓語補足語，闡明賓語身份和狀態(tài)，以補充賓語意義局限性，使句子意義完整。此類常用及物動詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.第14頁同位語位于名詞或代詞背面，闡明它們性質和狀況Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數詞從句第15頁句子類型陳說句疑問句一般疑問句三、句子分類和構造按功能分：祈使句感慨句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句反意疑問句第16頁句子類型簡樸句并列句復合句三、句子分類和構造按構造分：第17頁（一）簡樸句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C補)結論:簡樸句最大特點是只有一種S+V.第18頁Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice??主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語主+謂+賓+賓補(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C補)第19頁Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.觀測句子，做總結第20頁1.并列句特點是什么？

把兩個或幾種簡樸句用并列連詞或分號連接起來，則成為一種并列句。2.常用并列連詞平行:轉折：因果:

選擇:

and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….

but,while,yetfor,soor

第21頁請用合適并列連詞把每組句子合并為一種并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,so

hewenttobed.

Thedressisreallybeautiful,but

Ican’taffordit.第22頁3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,andJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.1>.He

notonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.2>.Notonly

doesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.第23頁名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句Ⅲ.復合句分類【記】復合句:主句+從句主句是一種完整句子,它可以獨立存在。從句是一種不完整句子,它必須和一種主句連用，不能獨立存在.第24頁Bythetimehearrived,

1wehadalreadyleft.2請指出該復合句主句和從句:從句主句第25頁名詞性從句1)主語從句（提醒：認識+理解）*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain確實.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

第26頁2）表語從句（提醒：認識+理解）*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplace取代her?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.第27頁3)同位語從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’te?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise（提醒：認識+理解）第28頁4)賓語從句（規(guī)定：重點復習）*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.第29頁結論所有名詞性從句，都必須有一種引導詞引導詞常見：that和疑問詞注意！引導詞that&what

*that與what都可以引導名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當句子成分（主,賓,表）。*That在句中只起連接作用，不充當成分。*that在引導名詞性從句時不可省略（賓語從句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.第30頁重點復習之一：賓語從句第31頁一、賓語從句概念賓語從句即句子作賓語，而不再是一種詞或短語作賓語。Ilikemyteacher.（名詞作賓語)Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(動名詞作賓語）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作賓語）Iknowhim.（代詞作賓語）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作賓語）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作賓語）第32頁二、賓語從句三要素連接詞時態(tài)語序第33頁（一）連接詞1.that引導2.whether/if引導3.連接代詞whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.連接副詞whenwhywherehow。第34頁（二）語序：陳說句語序

即：陳說句構造（主+謂+其他成分）將如下句子換成陳說句語序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?第35頁（三）時態(tài)(時態(tài)一致性）主句用目前時態(tài)，從句可用任何時態(tài)。主句用過去時態(tài)，從句可用對應過去時態(tài)。Iknowheisateacher.Iknowhewasateacherthreeyearsago.Iknowhehasbeenateacherfor3yearsIknowhewillbeateacheraftergraduation.IknewhewasateacherIknewhehadbeenateacherfor3years.Iknewhewouldbeateacheraftergraduation.第36頁賓語從句專題練習1時態(tài)一致性()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone

C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.

A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are

()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.

A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.

A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled

第37頁賓語從句專題練習2連接詞角度()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.

A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe

()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when

()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.

AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose

第38頁賓語從句專題練習3陳說句語序角度()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.

AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

()2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.

A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork

CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked

()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.

A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

第39頁賓語從句專題練習3.陳說句語序角度()4.Youmustremember________.

A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay

C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid

()5Didyouknow____?

A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor

C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter

()6Couldyoutellme___?

A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing

C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing第40頁復習重點之二：定語從句第41頁什么是定語從句呢？構造：先行詞+關系詞+句子用來闡明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可闡明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用句子叫作定語從句。第42頁先行詞關系詞定語從句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.關系代詞關系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when第43頁關系詞關系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關系副詞:when,where,why關系代詞：

指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/賓格)thatwhom（賓格）第44頁定語從句使用措施:當先行詞是物時,用which

或that引導.Thesearethetrees

which

wereplantedlastyear.當先行詞是人時,用who,whom,whose,that引導.第45頁who,whom,whose,that使用措施辨別.who

作定語從句主語或賓語.Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主語第46頁Whom

作定語從句賓語Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作賓語第47頁whose作定語從句定語.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定語第48頁Thisisadream.Thedreamwillneveretrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillneveretrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主語.(不能省)（作主語）第49頁which/that作賓語：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.

Istillkeeptheletters

whichshewrotetome.

Ilostthepen

whichmyfatherboughtme.()（作賓語）第50頁who/that作主語.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主語)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.Doyouknowtheman

whospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowers

ismycousin./that第51頁who/whom/that作賓語：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.

(作賓語）Theboywho(m)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.

Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.

Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.第52頁小結：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which－指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略.who－指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略,（常用whom）注:當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。第53頁只能用that,不用which,常見狀況有六種：當先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它們修飾時。Eg:That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時

Eg:Thatisthemostinterestingbook

thatIhaveeverread.

Thefirstthing

thatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.第54頁3.當先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時。Eg:That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.當主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句關系詞用that,而不用which或who.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行詞同步包括人或物時，關系詞用that.Eg:ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.第55頁

只能用which,不用that狀況

(1)

“介詞＋關系代詞”可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。"介詞＋關系代詞"構造中介詞是in,

on,

about,

from,

for,

with,

to

at,

of,

without

等,關系代詞只可用whom或

which,不可用that

。

Eg:Is

that

the

house

in

which

you

live

?

(2)像listen

to,

look

at,

take

care

of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不適宜將介詞與動詞分開。Eg:This

is

the

boy

whom

she

has

taken

care

of.第56頁