2023翻譯考試高級筆譯模擬試題及答案

第頁共頁2023翻譯考試高級筆譯模擬試題及答案2023翻譯考試高級筆譯模擬試題及答案【試題1】Numerousscientificstudiesconductedsince1939haveindicatedthatsmokingisveryharmfultohealth.Legislationisbadlyneededtobanalladvertisingoftobaccoproductsasitpersuadespeopletosmokemoreandsoisinalargepartresponsibleforpeoplewithdeterioratinghealthorthosewhodiedoflungcancer.【參考譯文】自從1939年以來，人們做了大量的科學研究確定了煙草對人體安康危害極大。急需立法來制止各種煙草產(chǎn)品的廣告宣傳。因為這種廣告總是勸人們吸更多的煙，因此在很大程度應對那些安康狀況惡化或由肺癌致死的人們負責?！驹囶}2】LifeoriginatedintheearlyseaslessthanabillionyearsaftertheEarthwasformed.Yetanotherthreebillionyearsweretopassbeforethefirstplantsandanimalsappearedonthecontinents.Life’stransitionfromtheseatothelandwasperhapsasmuchofanevolutionarychallengeaswasthegenesisoflife.WhatformsoflifewereabletomakesuchadrasticchangeinlifestyleThetraditionalviewofthefirstterrestrialorganismsisbasedonmegafossils--relativelylargespecimensofessentiallywholeplantsandanimals.Vascularplants,relatedtomodernseedplantsandferns,leftthefirstprehensivemegafossilrecord.Becauseofthis,ithasbeenmonlyassumedthatthesequenceofterrestrializationreflectedtheevolutionofmodernterrestrialecosystems.Inthisview,primitivevascularplatsfirstcolonizedthemarginsofcontinentalwaters,followedbyanimalsthatfedontheplants,andlastlybyanimalsthatpreyedontheplant-eaters.Moreover,themegafossilssuggestthatterrestriallifeappearedanddiversifiedexplosivelyneartheboundarybetweentheSilurianandtheDevonianperiods,alittlemorethan400millionyearsago.Recently,however,paleontologistshavebeentakingacloserlookatthesedimentsbelowthisSilurian-Devoniangeologicalboundary.Itturnsoutthatsomefossilscanbeextractedfromthesesedimentsbyputtingtherocksinanacidbath.Thetechniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheancientoceans-plantmicrofossilsandmicroscopicpiecesofsmallanimals.Inmanyinstancesthespecimensarelessthanone-tenthofamillimeterindiameter.Althoughtheywereentombedintherocksforhundredsofmillionsofyears,manyofthefossilsconsistoftheorganicremainsoftheorganism.Thesenewlydiscoveredfossilshavenotonlyrevealedtheexistenceofpreviouslyunknownorganisms,buthavealsopushedbackthesedatesfortheinvasionoflandbymulticellularorganisms.Ourviewsaboutthenatureoftheearlyplantandanimalmunitiesarenowbeingrevised.Andwiththoserevisionsenewspeculationsaboutthefirstterrestriallife-forms.【參考譯文】在地球形成不到十億年的時間后，生命就起于早期的海洋了。然而(按照以前通行的觀點)，要再過30億年，第一批動植物才出如今大陸上?；蛟S，正如生命的起一樣，生命從海洋向陸地的過渡，同樣在進化論上受到質疑。什么形式的`生命能使其生活方式發(fā)生如此驚人的變化?對于第一批登陸的生物，傳統(tǒng)的觀點是建立在巨化石根底上的，這些巨化石是一些根本上完好的動植物的較大標本。與現(xiàn)代種子植物和蕨類植物有種屬相關的微管植物，留下了一批巨化石記錄。因此，人們可以推測，生命登陸的次序反映了現(xiàn)代陸生系統(tǒng)的進化。按照這種觀點，維管植物首先移居到大陸水域的周邊，其次是以這種植物為食的動物，最后是吃這種食草動物的動物。而且，巨化石也說明(提示)，在四億多年前的志留紀和盆泥紀之間的期間(在志留紀和盆泥紀之間的期間，即四億多年前)，陸生生命已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，種類也急劇增加。但是最近，古生物學家一直對志留紀-盆泥紀抵抗界限以下的積淀物進展更為周密的調查。結果說明，將巖石放在一些盛有酸的容器里，一些化石就能從這些沉淀物中離析出來。這項技術從古海洋岸邊的沉積物中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)植物的微小