2019年英語新必修三講義Unit3SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-Pre-reading

MarkTwain(pseudonym(筆名)ofSamuelLanghorneClemens),wasanAmericanwriter,journalistandhumorist,whowonaworldwideaudienceforhisstoriesofTheAdventuresofTomSawyerandTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.ClemenswasbornonNovember30,1835inFloridaofaVirginianfamily.HewasbroughtupinHannibal,Afterhisfather'sdeathin1847,hewasapprenticed(當學徒)toaprinterandwroteforhisbrother'snewspaper.HelaterworkedasaIicensed(許可)Mississippiriver-boatpilot.TheCivilWarputanendtothesteamboattrafficandClemensmovedtoVirginiawhereheeditedtheTerritorialEnterprise.OnFebruary3,1863,“MarkTwain”wasbornwhenClemenssignedahumoroustravelaccountwiththatpseudonym.In1864TwainleftforCalifornia,andworkedinSanFranciscoasareporter.HevisitedHawaiiasacorrespondent(通訊員)forTheSacramentoUnion,publishinglettersonhistripandgivinglectures.Hesetoutonaworldtour,travelinginFranceandItaly.Hisexperienceswererecordedin1869InnocentsAbroad,whichgainedhimwidepopularity.Between1876and1884hepublishedseveralmasterpieces.Duringhislongwritingcareer,Twainalsoproducedaconsiderablenumberofessays.TwaindiedonApril21,1910.Section_ⅠWarming__Up_&_Reading__—_Pre-reading[原文呈現(xiàn)][讀文清障]THEMILLIONPOUNDBANKNOTEActⅠ，Scene3NARRATOR：Itisthesummerof1903①.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet②.Oliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknote③amancouldsurvive④amonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubts⑤it.Atthismoment,they⑥seeapenniless⑦youngmanwandering⑧onthepavement⑨outsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman⑩，whoislostin?Londonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo?.RODERICK：Youngman,wouldyoustepinside?amoment,please?HENRY：Who?Me,sir?RODERICK：Yes,you.OLIVER：Throughthefrontdoor?onyourleft?.HENRY：(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks.SERVANT：Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein?Permit?metoleadtheway,sir.OLIVER：(Henryenters)Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall?.①thesummerof19031903年的夏天summer夏季，四季之一，表泛指時其前不加冠詞，但指某一年夏天時，須加定冠詞the。②makeabet打賭③with...note為介詞短語，作條件狀語。with意為“有”。④survive此處用作及物動詞，指“活過”。⑤doubt＋n./pron./whether/if懷疑……⑥seeapennilessyoungmanwandering為seesb.doingsth.結構，表示“看到某人正在做某事”。⑦penniless/'penIlIs/adj.貧困的；身無分文的⑧wander/'w?nd?/vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊⑨pavement/'peIvm?nt/n.人行道(＝〈美〉sidewalk)⑩businessman/'bIznIsm?n/n.商人?belostin在某地方迷路；沉浸于?who引導非限制性定語從句，修飾anAmericanbusinessman。?stepinside走進(＝walkin)?throughthefrontdoor通過前門。門屬于立體空間，不是平面，穿過它須用介詞through。?onone's/theleft在左邊；onone's/theright在右邊?permit/p?'mIt/vt.&vi.許可；允許；準許/'p??mIt/n.通行證；許可證；執(zhí)照?Thatwillbeall.沒你的事了。all此處為代詞，意為“一切；全部”。百萬英鎊第一幕，第3場旁白：1903年的夏天，一對年老而又富有的兄弟，羅德里克和奧利弗，打了一個賭。奧利弗認為，一個人靠一張百萬英鎊的鈔票能在倫敦生活一個月。他的兄弟羅德里克對此表示懷疑。這時，他們看見一個身無分文的年輕人正在他們房子外面的人行道上游蕩。他叫亨利·亞當斯，一個美國商人，在倫敦迷了路，不知道該做什么。羅德里克：年輕人，請你進來一會兒，好嗎？亨利：先生，你叫誰呀？是叫我嗎？羅德里克：是的，就是你。奧利弗：從你左側的前門進來。亨利：(一個仆人給他打開門)謝謝。仆人：早上好，先生，你要進來嗎？先生，請讓我來帶路吧。奧利弗：(亨利走進來)謝謝你，詹姆斯，沒你的事了。RODERICK：Howdoyoudo,Mr...er...?HENRY：Adams.HenryAdams.OLIVER：Comeandsitdown,MrAdams.HENRY：Thankyou.RODERICK：You'reanAmerican?HENRY：That'sright,fromSanRODERICK：HowwelldoyouknowLondon?HENRY：Notatall.It'smyfirsttriphere.RODERICK：Iwonder,MrAdams,ifyou'dmindusasking?afewquestions.HENRY：Notatall?.Gorightahead?.?mind(sb./one's)doingsth.介意(某人)做某事mind后跟動名詞而非動詞不定式作賓語。?notatall沒什么，沒關系，別客氣?goahead用于表示同意對方的提議或請求，在本句譯為“可以”。本義是“前行”，引申為“繼續(xù)”，有時根據語境還可譯為“說吧；做吧；干吧；吃吧”。羅德里克：你好，先生，你貴姓？亨利：亞當斯，亨利·亞當斯。奧利弗：來，請坐，亞當斯先生。亨利：謝謝。羅德里克：你是美國人？亨利：是的，從舊金山來。羅德里克：你對倫敦熟悉嗎？亨利：一點兒也不熟，這是我第一次來倫敦。羅德里克：亞當斯先生，不知你是否介意我們問幾個問題。亨利：不介意。請問吧。RODERICK：Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?HENRY：Well,Ican'tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I'mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffacteq\o(○,\s\up1(21))，IlandedinBritainbyaccidenteq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).OLIVER：Howisthatpossible?HENRY：Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))thebayeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))...(hiseyesstareateq\o(○,\s\up1(25))whatisleftofthebrothers'dinneronthetableeq\o(○,\s\up1(26)))OLIVER：Well,goon.HENRY：Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfalleq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Ifoundmyselfcarriedouteq\o(○,\s\up1(28))toseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfaulteq\o(○,\s\up1(29)).Ididn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI'djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlosteq\o(○,\s\up1(30))whenIwasspottedeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))byashipeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).OLIVER：AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEnglandeq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).HENRY：Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassageeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))byworkingaseq\o(○,\s\up1(35))anunpaideq\o(○,\s\up1(36))hand,whichaccountsforeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))myappearance.IwenttotheAmericanembassyeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))toseekeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))help,but...(Thebrotherssmileateachother.),eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))asamatteroffact(＝infact＝inreality＝actually)事實上eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))byaccident(＝bychance)偶然；無意中；不小心其反義詞組是：onpurpose“故意地；有意地”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))sailoutof駛出eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))bay/beI/n.海灣eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))stareat盯著看；凝視stare/ste?/vi.凝視；盯著看eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))whatisleft...作介詞at的賓語。此處left為形容詞，意為“剩下的”，of短語為what的后置定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))nightfall/'naItf??l/n.黃昏eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))foundmyselfcarriedout為“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))Itwasallmyfault.這都是我的錯。fault/f??lt/n.過錯；缺點；故障eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))givemyselfupforlost＝givemyselfupforbeinglost因為迷失方向而要放棄自己，引申為“感到絕望”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))spot/sp?t/vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出n.斑點；污點；地點這里spotted相當于found或discovered。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))I'djustaboutgiven...when...為haddone...when...句式，意為“剛已經做了某事這時……”。其中justabout意為“剛剛”，此處用來加強語氣。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))itwastheshipthat...為強調句型，強調主語theship。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))passage/'p?sId?/n.“船費(包括食宿)”。還可表示“通道；一段文章”。earnone'spassage掙船費eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))workas擔當……角色；做……工作eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))unpaid/??n'peId/adj.末付款的；不受報酬的anunpaidhand義工eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))account/?'ka?nt/vi.&vt.認為；說明；總計有n.說明；理由；計算；賬目accountfor是……的原因；解釋eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))embassy/'emb?sI/n.大使館；大使及其官員eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))seek/si?k/vt.&vi.(sought/s??t/,sought)尋找；探索；尋求。與lookfor,searchfor同義。羅德里克：可不可以問問，你在這個國家要干點兒什么？你的計劃又是什么呢？亨利：嗯，我談不上有什么計劃，我希望能找到工作。事實上，我在英國上岸是偶然的。奧利弗：這怎么可能呢？亨利：嗯，你看，在家的時候，我有自己的船。大約一個月前，我開船駛出了海灣……(他的眼睛盯著兄弟倆留在餐桌上的殘羹剩飯)奧利弗：往下說呀。亨利：哦，好的。嗯，將近傍晚時我發(fā)現(xiàn)我被一陣強風刮到海上去了。這都是我的錯。我不知道是否能夠活到早晨。第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。奧利弗：正是那艘船把你帶到了英國。亨利：是的。事實上我靠做義工來掙船費，這就是我衣冠不整的原因。我去美國大使館尋求幫助，但是……(兄弟倆相視而笑。)RODERICK：Well,youmustn'tworryaboutthat.It'sanadvantageeq\o(○,\s\up1(40)).HENRY：I'mafraidIdon'tquitefolloweq\o(○,\s\up1(41))you,sir.RODERICK：Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica?HENRY：Iworkedforaminingcompany.Couldyouoffermesomekindofworkhere?RODERICK：Patienceeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))，MrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave?HENRY：Well,tobehonesteq\o(○,\s\up1(43))，Ihavenone.OLIVER：(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether)HENRY：Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontraryeq\o(○,\s\up1(44))，infact.Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke,Idon'tthinkit'sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou'llexcuseme,IthinkI'llbeonmyway.eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))It'sanadvantage.這還是優(yōu)點呢。eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))follow在此處相當于understand，意為“聽懂；理解；明白”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))patience/'peI??ns/n.耐性，忍耐。此處相當于havealittlepatience“耐心點兒”。patientadj.有耐心的，能忍耐的n.病人bepatientwith對……有耐心eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))tobehonest坦白地說，說實話。在句中作插入語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))onthecontrary與此相反；正相反(用來引出對立的觀點、理由或說法)羅德里克：哦，這一點你倒不必擔心。這還是優(yōu)點呢。亨利：對不起，先生，你的話我沒有聽太懂。羅德里克：亞當斯先生，請告訴我們，你在美國是干哪個行當？亨利：我在一家礦業(yè)公司工作。你們能不能在這里給我提供一份工作呢？羅德里克：耐心點兒，亞當斯先生。如果你不介意，我能不能問問，你手頭兒有多少錢？亨利：哦，老實說，我一分錢都沒有了。奧利弗：(高興地)老兄，真走運！真有運氣！(鼓起掌來)亨利：這對你們來說可能是運氣，但對我來說可不是！事實上，正好相反。如果你們認為這是一個笑話，我不認為它很好笑。(亨利起身準備走)現(xiàn)在如果你們原諒我，我想我該上路了。RODERICK：Pleasedon'tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn'tthinkwedon'tcareabouteq\o(○,\s\up1(45))you.Oliver,givehimthelettereq\o(○,\s\up1(46)).OLIVER：Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter.HENRY：(takingitcarefully)Forme?RODERICK：Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn'topenit.Notyet.Youcan'topenituntiltwoo'clock.HENRY：Oh,thisissilly.RODERICK：Notsilly.There'smoneyinit.(callstotheservant)James?HENRY：Oh,no.Idon'twantyourcharityeq\o(○,\s\up1(47)).Ijustwantanhonestjob.RODERICK：Weknowyou'rehard-working.That'swhyeq\o(○,\s\up1(48))we'vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsouteq\o(○,\s\up1(49)).eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))careabout關心，擔心carefor喜歡；照顧eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))letter在這里首次被提及，其前應該用不定冠詞a。但對兩兄弟而言，信是他們事先已準備好的，倆人心知肚明特指那封信，故用“theletter”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))charity/'t??rItI/n.慈善(團體)；施舍eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))That'swhy...那就是……的原因。why引導表語從句，可將此作為固定句式使用，why后接表結果的句子。That'sbecause...那是因為……，because后接表原因的句子。eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))showsb.out領某人出去showsb.in帶某人進來showsb.around帶領某人參觀羅德里克：亞當斯先生，請別走。你千萬不要以為我們不在意你的感受。奧利弗，把信給他。奧利弗：是，拿信。(從桌上把信拿起來，像送禮品一樣遞給亨利)給你信。亨利：(小心翼翼地接過信)是給我的嗎？羅德里克：是給你的。(亨利要拆信)啊，別拆，你不要拆，現(xiàn)在不是時候，到兩點鐘你才能打開。亨利：噢，這真可笑。羅德里克：這不可笑，這里邊有錢呢。(叫仆人)詹姆斯？亨利：噢，不。我不想要你們的施舍，我只要一份老老實實的工作。羅德里克：我們知道你工作很賣力，這正是我們給你這封信的原因。詹姆斯，請送亞當斯先生出去。OLIVER：Goodluck,MrAdams.HENRY：Well,whydon'tyouexplainwhatthisisallabouteq\o(○,\s\up1(50))？RODERICK：You'llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalfeq\o(○,\s\up1(51)).SERVANT：Thisway,sir.RODERICK：MrAdams,notuntil2o'clockeq\o(○,\s\up1(52)).Promise?HENRY：Promise.Goodbye.eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))whatthisisallabout(這一切是怎么回事)作explain的賓語。句中all為副詞，用來加強語氣，修飾about;what為about的賓語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))inexactlyanhourandahalf確切地說是一個半小時以后“in＋時間段”有兩個含義：一是“在……時間以后”；二是“在……時間以內”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))notuntil2o'clock是youcan'topenituntil2o'clock的省略說法。奧利弗：祝你好運，亞當斯先生。亨利：嗯，怎么不給我講講，關于這一切是怎么回事呢？羅德里克：你很快就會明白的，(看著鐘)確切地說是一個半小時以后。仆人：請這邊走，先生。羅德里克：亞當斯先生，兩點鐘以前不要拆信，答應嗎？亨利：答應。再見。Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．birthplaceA．小說2．novel B．信封3．adventureC．出生地4．author D．奇遇；冒險5．sceneE．探索；尋求6．wanderF．作者；作家7．permitG．耐性；忍耐8．faultH．漫游；漫步；漂泊9．spotI．過錯；缺點；故障10．seekJ．發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出；斑點11．patienceK．許可；允許；通行證；執(zhí)照12．envelopeL．(戲劇)一場；現(xiàn)場；場面；景色答案：1～5CADFL6～10HKIJE11～12GBLead-inLookatthefollowingpicturesandanswerthequestions.1．WhoistheauthorofthenovelTheMillionPoundBankNote?Mark_Twain.2．Whichcountrywashefrom?America.3．What'sthewritingstyle(體裁)ofthispassageofthesamename?It's_a_screenplay.4．Wheredidthestoryhappenthen?In_London,_England.5．Ifyouaregivenamillionpoundbanknote,whatwouldyouliketodo?I_will_buy_my_favorite_things./I_will_help_the_poor_..._While-readingFast-readingReadthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thetextisastoryabouttwo_rich_brothersmadeabetonwhat_would_happen_to_a_personifhewasgivenamillionpoundbanknote，andtheyfoundHenry_Adams,_anAmericanbusinessmanluckily,whowas_lost_in_London.2．Howmanycharactersarethereintheplay?Whoarethey?TherearefourcharactersintheplayandtheyareHenry,_servant,_Oliver_&_Roderick.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyagainandchoosethebestanswers.1．WhatdidhappentoHenrybeforehelandedinBritain?A．Hejustsailedoutofthebayforatravel.B．HeplannedtogotoBritainbyhisownboat.C．Hisboatwasbrokenbyastrongwind.D．Hisboatwascarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.2．Whichonehasthesimilarmeaningtotheword“spot”inthetext?A．Discover.B．Apoint.C．Aplace.D．Save.3．HowdidHenryfeelwhenheheardoneofthebrotherssaying“Whatluck!Brother,whatluck！”？A．Hefelthewaslucky,too.B．Hethoughttheylaughedathim.C．Hewasabitofangryandwasreadytoleave.D．Hefeltthetwobrotherswouldhelphim.4．What'sthecharacterofHenryaccordingtothetext?A．Ayoung,kindbutsillyperson.B．Ayoung,honestandhard-workingman.C．Acareful,kindandpoorman.D．Ayoung,richandhappyman.5．WhatdidHenryaskforfromthetwobrothers?A．Ahousetostayforashortmoment.B．Aletterwithabanknoteworthmillionpoundinit.C．Anhonestjob.D．Somecharityfromthetwobrothers.答案：1～5DACBCStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]他叫亨利·亞當斯，是一個美國商人。在倫敦迷了路，不知道該做什么。2．ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]事實上我靠做義工來掙船費，這就是我衣冠不整的原因。3.Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke,Idon'tthinkit'sveryfunny.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]如果你們認為這是一個笑話，我不認為它很好笑。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhatdoTomSawyerandJumpingFrogshaveincommon?Storiesaboutbothofthemwerecreatedbyoneman:MarkTwain.TwainwasfouryearsoldwhenhisfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,locatedonthewestbankoftheMississippi.Twaingrewupthereandwasfascinatedwith(使……入迷)lifealongtheriver—thesteamboats,thegiantlumber(木頭)rafts,andthepeoplewhoworkedonthem.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountyisoneofTwain'sbestlovedshortstories,andTheAdventuresofTomSawyerisoneofhismostfamousnovels.BoththeseworksarecelebratedbyeventsheldduringNationalTomSawyerDays,whichoriginatedinthelate1950sandbecamenationalinthe1960s.ChildrenentertheirfrogsinthejumpingcontestduringNationalTomSawyerDays.There'salsoafencepaintingcontesttoseewhocanpaintthefastest.TheideaforthiscontestcomesfromasceneinTomSawyer,inwhichTomhasbeentoldtopaintthefenceinfrontofthehousehelivesin.It'sabeautifulday,andhewouldratherbedoinganythingelse.Ashisfriendswalkby,hemakesthembelievethatit'sfuntopaint,andtheyjoininthe“fun”.Bytheendoftheday,thefencehasthreecoatsofpaint!AlthoughthestoryofTomSawyerisafiction(虛構的事),it'sbasedonfacts.IfyougotoHannibal,you'llseethewhitefence,whichstillstandsatTwain'sboyhoodhome.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了馬克·吐溫的兩部作品及湯姆索亞日期間的一些活動。)1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMarkTwainisTRUE?A．HewasborninHannibal.B．HeenjoyedhislifeinHannibal.C．HespentmostofhischildhoodontheMississippi.D．Heoftenwentrafting(坐船漂流)ontheMississippiwithhisparents.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。從第一段第四句“Twaingrewupthereandwasfascinatedwithlifealongtheriver...”可知B正確。2．Whowillwinthefencepaintingcontest?A．Bob,paintingthelongest.B．Julia,paintingmostcarefully.C．Jim,paintinginthenewestway.D．John,paintingintheshortesttime.解析：選D推理判斷題。由第二段第四句“There'salsoafencepaintingcontesttoseewhocanpaintthefastest.”可推知能在最短的時間內漆完籬笆的將獲勝，故選D。3．FromthewhitefenceatTwain'sboyhoodhome,weknowthat________.A．thestoryofTomSawyerisbasedpartlyonTwain'sexperiencesB．thestoryofTomSawyerisbasedtotallyonTwain'simaginationC．Twain'soldhouseispaintedbythefencepaintingcompetitorsD．Twain'soldhouseisvisitedbypeoplefromalloverthecountry解析：選A推理判斷題。至今仍佇立在吐溫孩童時期的家外的那片白色籬笆是用來說明句首結論的——“AlthoughthestoryofTomSawyerisafiction(虛構的事),it'sbasedonfacts.”。因為從上一段可知《湯姆·索亞歷險記》中有與此相關的情節(jié)。BMarkTwain,thefamousAmericanwriter,likedtoplayjokesonothers.Butonceajokewasplayedonhim.OnedayMarkTwainwasaskedtogiveatalkinasmalltown.Atlunchhemetayoungmanheknewwhotoldhimthathehadanunclewhoneverlaughedorsmiled.TheyoungmantoldMarkTwainthatnobodyandnothingcouldpossiblymakehisunclesmileorlaugh.“Youbringyouruncletomytalktonight，”saidMarkTwain.“I'msureIcanmakehimlaugh.”Thateveningtheyoungmanandhisunclesatinthefirstrow.MarkTwainspokedirectlyattheoldman.Hetoldsomeratherinterestingstories,whichmadeeveryoneinthehalllaugh.Buttheoldmanneverevensmiled.MarkTwaintoldthemostinterestingstoriesheknew.Buttheoldman'sfacewasstillablank.AtlastMarkTwainstopped.Hefelttiredanddiscouraged.Somedayslater,MarkTwaintoldafriendofhisaboutwhathadhappened.“Oh，”saidhisfriend,“Iknowthatoldman.Hehasbeendeafforyears.”eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了幽默大師馬克·吐溫的故事。)4．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?A．MarkTwaincouldmakeeveryoneinthehalllaughexcepttheoldman.B．MarkTwainlikedtoplayjokesonothers.C．NobodyeverplayedajokeonMarkTwain.D．OnceayoungmanplayedajokeonMarkTwain.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第二句“Butonceajokewasplayedonhim.”可知C項說法有誤。5．MarkTwaintoldtheyoungman________.A．tobringhisuncletolunchB．toaskhisuncletotalktherethatnightC．hecouldmakehisunclelaughD．tositinthefirstrowwithhisuncle解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知馬克·吐溫讓年輕人帶他的叔叔來聽他的演講，到時他會讓他叔叔大笑。6．MarkTwain'sstoriesmadeeveryoneinthehalllaughexcept________.A．theoldmanB．theyoungmanC．MarkTwainhimselfD．afriendofMarkTwain's解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Buttheoldmanneverevensmiled...Buttheoldman'sfacewasstillablank.”可知馬克·吐溫沒能逗笑這位老人。CWhilealotofusmayjumptoconclusionsaboutourjobsandcareersandperhapsfeelabitdefeatedifourpresentroleisn'texactlyadreamperformance,don'tworry.There'sreasontohavehope.Anewstudysupportstheviewthatjobsaren'tsimplyalove-at-first-sightdeal.Rather,theysaythatachievingpassion(激情)foryourworkissomethingyoucandevelopovertime.Unlikethemainwayofthinkingthatyou'llonlyachievepassionforyourworkthroughfindingtherightfitwithalineofwork—whattheresearcherscall“fittheory”，theresearcherssayyoucanlearntoloveyourjobandfindmeaninginitgradually(“developtheory”)．PatriciaChen,apsychologyresearcherandhercolleaguesexaminedsomestudents'careerattitudesandexpectationsinregardtofittheoryanddeveloptheory.“Peoplecanachievesimilarlevelsofpassionatworkbyacceptingeitherthefitordeveloptheory，”Chensaid.“Thekeydifferenceliesinhowtheseresultsarereached:fittheoriststendtoself-selectintolinesofworkthatfitthemfromthestart,whiledeveloptheoristsgrowintothatfitovertime.”Fittheoriststendtovalueenjoymentatthecostofgoodpay,whiledeveloptheoristsarewillingtoletenjoymenttakeabackseattoothergoals,believingthatthey'llgrowintotheroleandfindenjoymentovertime.Theirfindingsmayofferalittleencouragementtopeoplewhoaren'tlovingtheirjobsrightnow.Everyonehasmomentslikethat,butit'simportanttokeepyourthoughtsfocusedonthebiggerpicture,yourlong-termgoals,andwhyyoutooktheroleinthefirstplace.Wecanchoosetodeveloppassiongraduallyfromthebeginning,andbejustaseffectiveinthelongrunatachievingthispopularexperience.語篇解讀：本文為說明文。我們有時會厭惡工作，這個時候，我們需要從大局考慮，慢慢地培養(yǎng)工作的激情。7．Accordingtothefittheory,apersonwill________.A．lovehisjobatfirstsightB．findhisjobmeaningfulslowlyC．learntoachievehisdreamgraduallyD．followhispassionwhenchoosingajob解析：選D推理判斷題。由第三段“Unlikethemainwayofthinkingthatyou'llonlyachievepassionforyourworkthroughfindingtherightfitwithalineofwork—whattheresearcherscall‘fittheory’”可知，篤信fittheory的人會遵循自己的激情，尋找適合自己的工作。8．Whatdoresearchersfindinthestudy?A．Fittheoristsprefergoodpaytoenjoyment.B．Fittheoristscaremoreabouttheirrolethanpassion.C．Developtheoristsexpectimmediatepleasurefromwork.D．Developtheoristshavepatiencetoexperienceenjoyment.解析：選D推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“...whiledeveloptheoristsarewillingtoletenjoymenttakeabackseattoothe