2021年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題

2021年月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)試真題第一套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:part,allowedminutesanessaytitledbecomingaddictedtechnology?Thestatementbelowyourreference.shouldatleastwordsmore180words.Numerousclaimaddictiontechnologyrealandhassameeffecttheasdrug【參考范文】Arepeoplebecomingaddictedtechnology?Withtechnologyadvancingdaily,hasanincreasethenumberpeoplebecomeaddictedtechnologicalinventions,ascomputerscellphones.mypointview,trendharmfullyinfluenceindividualsinmanyways.Thenegativeconsequencesoftechnologycanillustratedaspects.thing,indulgedtechnologicalisdetrimentalstudentsacademicperformance.example,universitystayall

nightplaygamesthusdrowsydistractedinclass.addition,psychologicalresearchersthatexcessiveoftechnologicalhaveadverseonindividualsmentalandinterpersonalrelationship.Forinstance,people,especiallyyoungsters,reluctantinteracttofacetheirfriendsfamiliesofindulgenceonlinesocialplatformscomputerInconclusion,isutmostimportancetakeactionstocounteractnegativementionedPerhapsstepthatshouldeducatedusetechnologicaldevicesarational【解析】本次四級(jí)作文考查的是現(xiàn)象影響類(lèi)的論說(shuō)文。題目給出的是一個(gè)負(fù)面的現(xiàn)象——人們沉迷于科技產(chǎn)品。采用三段式：開(kāi)頭段引出負(fù)面現(xiàn)象并發(fā)表自己的看法;第二段段論述該現(xiàn)象帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響;尾段給出針對(duì)性的建議。PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionA

Directions:thissection,willthreereports.theendeachreport,willtwothreequestions.Bothnewsandquestionsbespokenonce.Afterhearquestion,youchoosebestfromthechoicesmarkedB),D).ThenthecorrespondingAnswer1withsinglelinethecentre.Questionsandbasednewsreportyoujustheard.NEWS1Andfinallytonightnews,namedtoldtoinclassadecoratingarestaurantwithdrawingsthanshuttingthehabitdrawinghisschoolworkbook.Joe’sdecidedencouragehiscreativitysendingtheirtoartclass.HisteacherrecognizedJoe’stalentpostedhisonline,whichsomethingwonderful.restaurantnamedNumberinNewcastleJoe’steachersifcomeanddecorateddiningwithdrawings.day

school,dadhimrestaurant,socanhisideasonwall.Oncehe'sdone,workremaintherepermanently.Joe’ssays,areallytalentedboy.’sexcellentschool.greatfootball,drawingdefinitelyhemostpassionateabout.Q1.didparentsto1.B)Sendtoafter-schoolartclass.Q2.didrestaurant,Number4,2.Contacteddecoratedining-room.Questionsandbasednewsreportyoujustheard.NEWS2Christinea34-year-oldmumoneatearfulvideosocialWednesday,forsafeofherbelovedAftercombingthroughthesecurityoutsideglobalChristinepostedimagea

mansuspectedstealingTheimagetoamancarryinginhisChristinebelievesvideofromshopthebeingstolenamandrivingawhichbeenwaitingThefamilyoffering5,000rewardsafereturndoglaunchingsocialcampaignfindthief.dogsixayearsandwasseenwearingredcollar.Christine“Wewillthatanyonebringshome,longareresponsibledisappearance.PleaseinvestigatingincidentQ3.isChristinetrying3.Getpetback.Q4.doesnewsreportaboutMarshallfamily?4.Itofferingbigtoanyonehelps.Questionstobasednewsreportyoujustheard.

NEWS3Londoneggsbreadofferseggs,jam,andbacon,welltea,andjuice.Butendthemeal,customersdontoaboutbill.Hungrycustomerspayamountcantoatcafenothingall.OwnerWilsonhisaimsbuildcommunitythanHewantsprovidebridgepeopleconnectareahasbeenbyclasswealth,providingbreakfast.cafeopenthemorningsdaytheyear,twomembersorsupervisorsshiftday.cafedoesnvolunteers,butitstoensureconsistencyitsservice.doesn'tdonationswantbeseencharity.Wilsonsayspeopletoknowpeoplethem,realize’renotdifferentwhatevertheirfinancialbackgroundtheireducationalbackground,peoplehavesomethingincommoneachHesays’simportantcafecanhiscustomersandpermanence.Q5.doesWilsonhisaims5.B)Helpconnecteach

Q6.doesnewsreportaboutandcafe?6.Itnotvolunteers.Q7.happenspeopletoknowotheraccordingGuyWilson?7.Theywilltheysomethingcommon.SectionBDirections:thissection,willtwoconversations.Atendofconversation,willfourquestions.Boththeconversationquestionsbespokenonce.youhearquestion,mustthebestfromfourchoicesB),andThenthecorrespondingletterAnswer1withsinglethroughcentre.Questionstoareonconversationjustheard.CONVERSATIONM:SotimeyouthinkshouldpartySaturday?

W:aboutinvitingcome6:00thenwe'llhaveafternoonpreparedrinkstuffthat?M:Yes.wasthinkingaroundwouldgoodWhatfoodweprovide?W:Well,hadaboutacakesomebiscuits,andIthinkshouldsomesandwichessnacksandotherkindsfoodthatcanjustthemselvesthangettingeveryonetodowntableeatmeal.think’satooformal.betterletwalkaroundtalkeachorwherelike.M:Yes,sounds’lltosupermarketgetsomedrinks.IImightbigsupermarkettheotheroftown,theyI’vebeenbefore.Ithinkshouldbeerwineandfruitjuiceotherdrinks.youthink?W:SoundsIthinkdrinksbeenough.heardthesupermarketsomediscountsattractsogoingshouldgreatWhatshouldabout

M：MaybeshouldPualbringcomputerspeakersthatplaymusic.Heagreatcollectionofdifferentstuff.Yes.right.Q8.arespeakerstalking8.PreparationsSaturdayQ9.doeswomanitisgoodtofoodsthatcanhelpthemselvestoo?9.B)enablestoaroundchatfreely.Q10.doeswomanaboutnewsupermarket?10.Itsomediscounts.11.Bringcomputerspeakers.Questions15basedconversationjustheard.CONVERSATIONW:’mthinkingbuyingcar.wouldnneediteverybutthinkwouldveryconvenienthavefortheweekends.

M:That'sexciting.Wouldthisyourcar?W:M:IactuallycaralittlewhenlivedMiami.Yousee,America,citiesdon'tpublicSomostneedtheirtogetW:see.M:SoyougotmindsetaspecificW:notreally.heardGermanarereliable,butdecidedaspecificyet.’dlikeitsmallthateasydrivecity.M:Iafriendsellssecond-handcars.fact,thinkfamilytheHe’sareallyguyandknowsaboutIcouldyouhisnumberyouwant,couldcallandhimquestions.W:Hmm.’sniceyou,IwantfeeltoonehisM:no.’snotlikethat.’safriendminehewouldtrypressure

W:Well,trustthenguessbeokay.honest,couldsomehelpdecidingtypevehiclewouldsuitmyneeds.Speakingexpertbeaidea.M:Exactly.havetoabout.’slovelyandhe'llto12.Forconvenienceweekends.Q13.doeswomanaboutcars?13.Theyreliable.Q14.doesmanrecommendwoman14.Seekadvicehisfriend.Q15.dolearnaboutLoinbo'stheconversation?15.B)cantrusted.SectionCDirections:thissection,willthreeAtendeachyouwillthreefourquestions.Both

passagequestionsbespokenonce.Afteryouaquestion,youchoosebestfromfourchoicesmarkedB),D).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswer1withsinglelinethecentre.Questions18basedpassagehaveheard.PASSAGEPigsnotnativeNorthTheyfirstintroducedCaliforniaSpanishRussianandsettlerscenturiesInthetimes,wereallowedwanderandsearchfood.practiceallowedpigsescapefarmslivethewhichbecameproblem.Infact,onemostdamaginginvasivespeciescontinent,pigscausedmillionsdollarscropyearly.alsodozensdiseasesthreatenhumansfarmanimals.patcheswildhavefoundconsiderablyplantanimaldiversity.Inadditioneitherotherorfoodsupply,wilddamagedhabitatsreachingcrosses

rubbingtrees.activitiesalsoopportunitiesforinvasivetocolonizeareas.pigseatalmostanythingcontainingcalories.Mice,deer,snakesfrogsamongvictims.Theycanharmwildspeciesindirectcompetitionthaneatingorshrinkingtheirfoodsupply.OnoneparticularUnitedStateswildthemselvesbecameattractivesourcespeciesmainlandeagle.Eaglesbreedingislandalsofeedingaspeciesofnativefoxesalmostoutcompletely.Q16.dolearnaboutpigsNorthAmerica?16.ManyescapedfarmsbecameQ17.arewildathreathumans?17.Theycarrygreatdiseases.Q18.doespassageaboutnativeaU.S.island?18.Theyfellvictimeagles.

Questions21basedpassagehaveheard.PASSAGEApairentrepreneursplanningbuildlaunchspacecraftwouldandcoffeebeansouterThecraftuseheatre-entrycoffeebeans,theyfloatitinapressurizedtank.TheeffectberoastbeansoverproduceperfectThebusinessmenthatearth,easilybreakandburnedtheroaster.Butgravityisremoved,beansaroundinheatedreceivingdegreesevenlydistributedheatroastingnearperfection.spacecraftreachheightaroundkilometers.beansthenroastedheatgeneratedthe20minutere-entryearth'satmosphere.TemperaturesandpressurizedwillkeptarounddegreesCelsius.backearth,planetfirstspacebeansbeusedmakecoffeewouldsoldthetimeinDubai.isthe’scompanybased.isnothowmuchwouldforcup.Surprisingly,Spaceconcept-shoulditahead-willnotbefirsttocoffeeintoIn2015,Italiancompaniescollaboratedontheconstructionasimilarof

spacecraft,thecoffeemachineforinspace.Q19.areaofentrepreneursto19.B)coffeeinouterQ20.doespassageaboutbeansonearth?20.Theyeasilyburned.Q21.didtwocompanies2015?21.Theycollaboratedbuildingfirstcoffeemachine.Questions25basedpassagehaveheard.PASSAGEIncoldsnowythereavillageTakotna.haspopulationmereadults.March,tinyvillageswellsinnumbersitislocatedmiddlearacethatplaceeveryItacalled

Iditarod”.participantsTakotnaobligatory24hourLuckyforTakotnafamousdeliciouspies.Weeksthecompetitorsarrive,theresidentsTakotnapreparingwithouttheireventtheyear.Thewholechipshelp,includingkids,updevelopingbakingskillsearlyage.andracersgreeteddelightfulofkinds,suchapple,orange,orbanana.Theyconsumepiesastomachfuel.toughnesstheallowsracerseatmuchwhatevertheyThemorecalories,better.hasgainedareputationdessert-basedhospitalitysince1970s.startedoneJaneJanefromIditarodwithhusband1972openedrestaurant.Aandfillingfruitquicklytheracesandvillagegainedsomeasaresult.residentsstartedreferJaneasqueenTakotna.Q22.doaofpeopletovillageTakotnaeveryMarch?22.B)racethroughannually.

Q23.isthevillageTakotnafor?23.ItsfruitQ24.comeshelptheeventyear?24.B)entirevillage.Q25.doespassageaboutNewton?25.Shehelpedvillagebecomefamous.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:thissection,iswithblanks.Yourequiredselectwordeachfromlistchoicesinabankfollowingpassage.passagecarefullymakingyourEachchoiceintheisidentifiedaletter.markcorrespondinglettereachonAnswer2withsinglethroughthecentre.notanyofwordsbankthanonce.MostanimalsshadetemperaturesSaharato120degreesFahrenheit.Saharanantslunch,skittering

fromundergroundlairsintosun’sbrutalscavengeanimalcarcasses.IntheywerejoinedscientistsBelgianuniversities,spentswelteringtrackingantsdiggingtheirThegoal:discoverspeciestokindofthatmeltshoes.BackinBelgium,scientiststheunderelectronmicroscopefoundtheirtriangularreflectslikeaprism,ametallicglintshieldingthemtheheat.Ph.D.QuentinWillotshavedantwithtinyscalpelitunderheatitstemperatureHesaysantsmethodstayingisuniqueamonganimals.Couldthisreflectiveofprotectpeople?sayscompaniesinterestedreproducingA)adaptingE)extremeI)thickB)F)removedN)C)crawlingG)literallyK)speciesO)D)H)L)SectionB

Directions:thissection,aregoingreadpassagetenstatementsattachedtoEachstatementcontainsinformationgivenonetheIdentifyparagraphfromwhichtheinformationderived.mayaparagraphmorethanonce.paragraphismarkedletter.thequestionsbymarkingcorrespondingletteronAnswer2.Whatwhenlanguagefornumbers?Numbersexistallcultures.arenumberlesshunter-gatherersembeddeddeepAmazonia,branchesthe’srivertree.ofusingforprecisequantities,theserelyexclusivelytermsanalogous“a”or“some.Incontrast,ownlivesgovernedbynumbers.youreadyoulikelyawarewhatithowyouare,yourcheckingaccountbalance,yourweighton.exact(andexacting)wethinkimpacteverythingfromourschedulesself-esteem.But,ahistoricalnumericallypeopleliketheunusualForbulkourspeciesapproximately200,000-yearlifespan,wenomeanspreciselyrepresenting

quantities.’sthe7,000languagesexisttodaydramaticallyhowutilizenumbers.Speakersanumeric,numberless,offerwindowhowinventionnumbersthehumanexperience.newIexploredwayswhichinventednumbers,numberssubsequentlycriticalroleothermilestones,fromtheadventagriculturethegenesiswriting.Culturesnumbers,onlyoneprecisenumbers,includeMundurukuAmazonia.ResearchersalsosomeadultsNicaraguawerenevernumberWithoutnumbers,healthyhumanstrugglepreciselydifferentiaterecallquantitiesasInexperiment,researcherplacenutsacanatatime,removethembyone.personisaskedsignalallthenutsbeenremoved.Responsessuggestanumericpeoplesometroublekeepingtrackofmanynutsintheevenifareonlyorfivetotal.Thismanyotherexperimentshaveconvergedasimpleconclusion:peoplehavenumberthey

strugglemakequantitativedistinctionsprobablynaturalsomeoneyoume.Whileasmallofthe’slanguagesanumericnearlyanumeric,demonstratenumberareahumanuniversal.Itworththatanumericpeoplecognitivelynormal,well-adaptedtoenvironshavedominatedcenturies.childmissionaries,spentofyouthlivinganumericindigenousaforementionedPirah?whoalongsinuousbanksblackMaiciLikeotheroutsiders,Icontinuallybytheirunderstandingriverineecologyshared.Yetnumberlessstruggletasksrequirediscriminationquantities.thisbeunsurprising.all,counting,someonewhetherare,seveneightcoconutsintree?seeminglystraightforwarddistinctionsblurrythroughnumberlessThisconclusionechoedworkanumericchildrenindustrializedsocieties.Priorbeingnumberchildrenonlyapproximatelydiscriminatequantitiesthree.must

handedcognitiveofnumbersweconsistentlyandeasilyrecognizehigherquantities.Infact,acquiringtheexactmeaningnumberispainstakingthatchildrenyears.learnnumbersmuchtheylearnTheyrecognizenumbersareorganizedsequentially,butlittleawarenesseachindividualnumbertime,theytounderstandthatagivennumberrepresentsaquantitybyonetheprecedingnumber."successorisoffoundationournumericalcognition,butrequiresextensivepracticeunderstand.Noneus,isreallya“numbersWenotpredisposedhandlequantitativedistinctionsIntheabsenceculturaltraditionsthatinfuselivesnumbersfrominfancy,wouldstruggleevenquantitativedistinctions.NumberandnumeralsourquantitativeasarecoaxedourcognitiveexperienceourpeersschoolTheprocessseemsnormalsometimesofasnaturalgrowingbutnot.Humancomeequippedcertain

quantitativeinstinctsthatrefinedage,theseinstinctsarelimited.instance,atbirtharecapabledistinguishingtwomarkedlyquantities—instance,fromthings.Butarethespeciescapablesuchabstractions.Comparedchimpsotherournumericalinstinctsareasremarkablemanypresume.evensomebasicinstinctualquantitativereasoningdistantnonmammalianrelativesbirds.worksomeotherincludingparrots,suggeststheycanrefinequantitativeiftheyintroducedcognitivetoolscallnumbers.So,dideverinvent"unnatural"numbersthefirstplace?Theanswerliterally,yourfingertips.Thebulktheworldlanguagesbase-20base-5systems.is,smallernumbersbasislargernumbers.isbase-10decimallanguage,evidencedwords14(“four+”)31“threex“10+“one”).Wespeakdecimallanguageanancestralproto-Indo-European,decimallybased.Proto-Indo-European

wasdecimallybecause,socultures,linguisticancestorshandsasgatewayrealizationslike“fivefingersthisissamefivefingersonhand.Suchtransientthoughtsweremanifestedandpassedacrossgenerations.Thiswhytheword“fiveinmanylanguagesderivedword“hand.Mostnumberthen,theby-productkeyfactors:humancapacityforandpropensityfocusinghandsfingers.manual—indirectby-productofwalkingonlegs—hashelpedyieldnumbersmostcultures,notCulturesnumbersofferintocognitiveinfluenceparticulartraditions.ConsiderwhatitYourisruledminutesseconds,theseentitiesnotrealanyphysicalandnonexistentnumberlessMinutessecondstheandwrittenofuncommonbase-60systeminMesopotamiamillenniaTheyresideminds,numericalartifactsthatallhumansconceptually.Researchthelanguagenumbersmoremore,thatofspecieskeycharacteristicstremendous

linguisticcognitivediversity.Whilethereundoubtedlycognitivecommonalitiesacrossallpopulations,radicallyvariedculturesfosterprofoundlycognitiveexperiences.wetotrulyhowmuchcognitivediffercross-culturally,wecontinuallytheofspecieslinguisticdiversity.36.Itworththatanumericpeoplecognitively在知方面)normal,well-adaptedtothesurroundingstheydominatedcenturies.37.[H]withmammals,numericalinstinctsareasremarkablemanyassume.38.Itworththatanumericpeoplecognitively(在認(rèn)知方面)normal,well-adaptedtosurroundingstheydominatedcenturies.39.[B]inahistoricalnumber-consciouspeoplelikeustheunusual40.Researchlanguagenumbersmoremore,oneourspecieskeycharacteristicstremendouslinguistic(語(yǔ)言的)cognitivediversity.

41.Thisandotherexperimentshaveledasimpleconclusion:peoplenotnumbertheystruggletomakequantitativedistinctionsprobablynaturalsomeonelikeorme.42.Noneus,isreally“numbersWenottohandledistinctionsskillfully.43.Numbersexistallcultures.44.So,dideverinvent“unnaturalnumbersfirstTheanswerliterally,yourfingertips.45.[F]conclusionechoedwithanumericchildrenindustrializedsocieties.SectionCDirections:arepassagessection.passagefollowedsomequestionsunfinishedForeachthemarechoicesmarkedB),D).shoulddecidethechoicemarkcorrespondingAnswer2withsinglelinethecentre.PassageOne

Questions50basedfollowingEducatorsbusinesshaveincommonitmayseem.Teacherstostudentssuccessfulfuture.Technologycompanies,likeAT&T,avestedindevelopingworkforceSTEMskillsneededthecompanyadvanceindustry.theytogetherachievegoals?maytheanswer.We’veassumedfocusingSTEMskills,roboticscoding,important,realitySTEMskillsenhancedmorerelevantcombinedtraditional,binationprovingbebesttotodaychildrenmakersbuildersThatwhytechnologypartneringeducatorsbringgood,fashionSomeexamplesincludeGoogle’snewMakingScienceinitiative,TimeWarnerDayChallenge,AT&T’sImaginationFoundationInventorsChallenge.Infactexpertsthatmost21stcenturyskills’trelatedspecifictechnologiesorsubjectmatter,creativity;likeimagination,problem-findingandproblem-solving,teamwork,optimism,patienceandability

toexperimenttakeTheseskillsacquiredkidstinker.AccordingStuartfounderNationalInstituteforindustriesNASAJetPropulsionLaboratoryfoundtheiroverallsolversmastertinkerersintheirInUnited(asasnumerouscountries),schoolstotheseskillsmaycontradictthem.fact,oftento“fourthslump,”atimechildrenexpected“l(fā)earningto“readinglearn,thetimeachildcreativedecline.wefacechallenge;thefliptobenefitsdigital—anoverreliancetechnologyshiftfromold-fashionedplay.Therecognitivebenefitsdoingthewedidchildrenbuildingsomething,tearingitthenbuildingupagain.Accordingresearch,activatesachild'sbrainlikeplay.ifgivenopportunity,willtowardplaybuildsSTEMskills.Researchshowsgivenminutesofplay,andfive-year-oldswillspendofthisengagedspatial,mathematical,andarchitecturalactivities.typeplay—especiallybuildingblocks—helpschildrendiscoverdevelopprinciplesandgeometry.

Arecentintheofconcluded“childrenindividualexperiencesEuclideanobjectsblocks]forefrontisimportantSTEMeducation,professionalexpertisesciences,appliedsciencefieldsarchitectureengineering.Ifandbuildingcritical21stcenturydevelopment,reallynewstwoChildrenbornbuilders,makers,andsofosteringcenturyskillsbesimplegivingroomplay,andthingsevenasgrowandsecondpiecegoodisthattakecenturytechnologyfoster21stcenturyThisespeciallyforunder-resourcedschoolscommunities.whateverhandytinkeringthemissimpletoengageimportant“maker”skills.anyone,canit.So,caneducatorssurechildrengettingcriticalhands-on,tinkeringthatcenturyrequire?areafew1.Buildwhateverhave,Popsicletocardboard,recyclables.doesnrequire

techgetfuture3Dprintersawesomebutifyourdoesn’tone,letholdback.2.Letstudentleadway.carefuloverlyscriptactivities;childrenfillgaptheircreativity.shouldareliefparentsteachers!Sometimesbestadultsdogetofway.toGeniusHourmovementinspirationWantturboyouractivity?constraintsmakeitchallenge:paperthatinthethelongest,ahousecardssupportsweightashoe,acollectiongamescardboard,recyclablesandimaginationandkidstheirarcade!Toensurefuturesuccessourstudentsourworkforce,wemustbyunderstandingfashionedandmoderntechnologybeintricatelyconnected.Understandinghowmostadvancedtechnologiesandmachinerybyliterallytinkeringthem,themandputtingbacktogetheragain.46.B)Theypublicattentionthehealthofsugar

47.Nearlyofservepurposefunders.48.Exerciseimportantgoodthandiet.49.Itrarelyinobjective50.D)Thinkaboutnutritionfindings.PassageTwoQuestions55basedfollowingArecentrevealedsugareffortsyearsagomedicalopinionhowaffectsButtoday,ofcompaniesfundandnutritionstudies.ThatdescribesreactionAmericansweekfollowingrevelationsthat,yearstheindustryHarvardscientistsforresearchshiftedfocusfromsugarroleheart—andthespotlightsquarelyondietaryWhatsurpriseconsumersjustmanypresent-daynutritionarefundedfoodindustry.

NutritionMarionofYorkUniversityayearinformallyindustry-fundedstudieson“Roughlyofnearlystudiestheinterest,Nestleusviaemail.systematicsupportconclusions.Forinstance,fundedWelch—thebehind100%Juice—founddrinkingConcordgrapejuicemaybrainfunction.Another,fundedQuakerconcluded,aDailystoryit,“hotoatmealkeepsfulllonger.Whileexamplesinducechuckles,yearseenseveralthatraisedseriousaboutextentindustryinfluencefoodnutritionoutcomes.LastTheNewTimesrevealedCoca-Colawasfundinghigh-profilescientistsorganizationspromotingamessageintheagainstgain,peoplepaymoreattentionexerciselesstheyanddrink.theaftermathinvestigation,Coca-Colareleaseddetailingfundingseveralinstitutionsassociationsbetween20102015,theAcademyFamilyPhysicians

theAmericanofPediatrics.told,says$132.8millionscientificresearchpartnerships.Andearliersummer,AssociatedPressreleasedinvestigationlookedresearchbyNationalConfectionersAssociation,agroupmembersincludetheTootsieHersheykissesSnickersOnestudygroupconcludedkidseatcandytendweighthanwho’t.anemailherco-author,reported,ofscientiststhatwrotethefindingandclearlyNonetheless,paperpublishedinajournalFoodNutrition“It’sdefinitelyasomuchinnutritionandhealthfundedindustry,saysBonnieLiebman,directorofnutritionCenterSciencethePublicInterest,nonprofitgroup.theindustryforresearch,oftenwhatpays”Anditpaysoftenpro-industryfinding.MichaelisinvestigativejournalistwhofocusesonfoodindustryauthorexposeSugar,HowFoodHookedHesayslottimes,firms

fundingresearchthattheyknowgoingtheir—afindingcantouttheirpackagingconsumerstheirproducts.Theproblemthefindingsgetpublishedbeincomplete,highlightingpositiveoutcomeswhileleavingnegativeAndthen,arestudiessimplydesigned.Asresearcher,Moss,cantheexperimentaldesignsubtlethatleadadesired—whether’retakingfromindustryyouyourselfapassionconclusionwant”see,says.’salotresearchoutAndyet,we’vereportedbefore,thisnutritionsciencefrequentlytoutedpresswrittenupinterest,thenpickeddisseminatedjournaliststhewherewithaltheresearchmethodology.In2015,sciencejournalistBohannonexactlythisprocessout:conductedreal—butreallydesigned—studyconcludedeatingchocolatecanhelploseweight,watchedmediaoutletswithstudy.WhileBohannonstudyadeliberatedesignedexposeflawsnutritionjournalism,similarlybad

studiesre