國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)與商務(wù)英語(yǔ)b2004試題答案

東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)2004年招收入學(xué)考試初試B把單與合在一起的合同形式 匯票在提示時(shí)，如付款人付款或承兌，持票人為行使其追索權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)疆?dāng)?shù)鼗驒C(jī)構(gòu)做出 利擔(dān)保賣(mài)方按時(shí)、按質(zhì)、按量供應(yīng)符合合同規(guī)定的貨物，在合同有效期內(nèi)不發(fā) 項(xiàng)下 兩種

對(duì)些單位值不高商品經(jīng)采用按計(jì)量的方法即以毛作為計(jì)價(jià)格基礎(chǔ)，這方法也稱(chēng) 。 DAF是屬 17國(guó)際貿(mào)易中真正可以稱(chēng)為到岸價(jià)的價(jià)格術(shù)語(yǔ) CIF貨人的倉(cāng)庫(kù)的條款。在業(yè)務(wù)，進(jìn)口人收貨后發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符，在任何時(shí)候都可向出口。某公司出口電冰箱共1000臺(tái)，合同和信用證都規(guī)定分批裝運(yùn)時(shí)有305%的增減。據(jù)此，輕工公司發(fā)貨時(shí)，可以裝運(yùn)970。在出口憑樣品業(yè)務(wù)中，為了爭(zhēng)取國(guó)外客戶(hù)，便于達(dá)易，出口企業(yè)應(yīng)盡量按FOBCFRCIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷以后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)即告轉(zhuǎn)移巨浪等自然引起的部分損失。三、案例分析題（535）500由于不可抗力影響履行合同，按慣例可免除一定的責(zé)任。1976年7月我國(guó)發(fā)生，在此之前某外貿(mào)企業(yè)與日商訂有三份煤炭出口合同，合同的商品名稱(chēng)分別為：3．1990年，我國(guó)某外貿(mào)公司派遣貿(mào)易小組赴美設(shè)備，雙方在紐約已就設(shè)備規(guī)格、同規(guī)定B方向A方提供生產(chǎn)手表表殼的成套設(shè)備，設(shè)備作價(jià)36萬(wàn)。A方以該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出的表殼為補(bǔ)償產(chǎn)品。約定每只表殼的返銷(xiāo)價(jià)格為2，每年返銷(xiāo)9萬(wàn)只，兩年補(bǔ)償完備價(jià)款。之后3年，B方每年包銷(xiāo)A方5萬(wàn)只表殼，價(jià)格仍為每只2。合同附件中詳細(xì)方法只作了一般性規(guī)定。合同簽訂后，應(yīng)B方要求，A方請(qǐng)求銀行向B方開(kāi)出了以B方為受益人，總額為36萬(wàn)的不可撤銷(xiāo)的擔(dān)保函。同年6月，設(shè)備運(yùn)到，經(jīng)安裝調(diào)試，驗(yàn)收合格。8月，A方生產(chǎn)出樣品，經(jīng)B方派員驗(yàn)收，口頭通知A方合格。9月，A方生產(chǎn)出第一批l萬(wàn)只表殼，再經(jīng)B方驗(yàn)收時(shí)，B方提出已接管B方全部財(cái)產(chǎn)，要求A方在3個(gè)月內(nèi)返還，否則，將以A行的擔(dān)保函，向A行追索36萬(wàn)。試分折此案例，中方應(yīng)如何對(duì)待？我方A公司向舊金山B公司發(fā)盤(pán)某商品l00公噸，每公噸2400CIF舊金B(yǎng)公司回電稱(chēng)接受你發(fā)盤(pán)，立即裝運(yùn)A公司未作答復(fù)，又過(guò)了兩天B公司由舊金山花20%，A“約港，但卻增加了1500的運(yùn)費(fèi)請(qǐng)問(wèn)，這筆運(yùn)費(fèi)應(yīng)由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)？為什么？lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequality,ofsuchgoodsbyexperience.High-techproductsrefertonomorethanproductsthatareproducedwithFirmsdependmanlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysa. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthisislow-browesteem.a. b.illi c. d.Productionb. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofa. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbuma. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifula.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainsta. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchfunctionalorganizationalstructureformalcustomerforwardverticalinnovationbundledtechnology10.contractmanufacturingGiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-contextYourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-sHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences------Masculinityvs.Femininity.(exampleKotler’sdefinitionofproductintermsofthe5levelYourownunderstandingofthedevelopmentinbusinessmanagement東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)2004年招收入學(xué)考試初試B一、填空題（每空1分，共20分把單與合在一起的合同形式叫聯(lián)合憑證匯票在提示時(shí)，如付款人付款或承兌，持票人為行使其追索權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)疆?dāng)?shù)鼗驒C(jī)構(gòu)做出。擔(dān)保賣(mài)方按時(shí)、按質(zhì)、按量供應(yīng)符合合同規(guī)定的貨物，在合同有效期內(nèi)不發(fā)二、判斷題（每題1分，共20分，正確劃√,錯(cuò)誤劃CIF貨人的倉(cāng)庫(kù)的條款。在業(yè)務(wù)，進(jìn)口人收貨后發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符，在任何時(shí)候都可向出口。某公司出口電冰箱共1000臺(tái)，合同和信用證都規(guī)定分批裝運(yùn)時(shí)有30證總金額，交貨數(shù)量允許有5%的增減。據(jù)此，輕工公司發(fā)貨時(shí)，可以裝運(yùn)970臺(tái)。。在出口憑樣品業(yè)務(wù)中，為了爭(zhēng)取國(guó)外客戶(hù)，便于達(dá)易，出口企業(yè)應(yīng)盡量按FOBCFRCIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷以后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)即告轉(zhuǎn)移巨浪等自然引起的部分損失。×2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.8. 9.10.×8.19.×三、案例分析題（每題5分，共35分我國(guó)對(duì)澳大利亞出口1000公噸大豆，國(guó)外開(kāi)來(lái)信用證規(guī)定：不允許分批裝運(yùn)。結(jié)500根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定單據(jù)表面上注明貨物是使用同一工具裝運(yùn)并經(jīng)同一路線(xiàn)的，即使每套單據(jù)注明的裝運(yùn)日期不同及/或裝運(yùn)港、接受地由于不可抗力影響履行合同，按慣例可免除一定的責(zé)任。1976年7月我國(guó)能履行或不能如期履行合同，發(fā)生意外的一方可以免除履行合同的責(zé)任或推遲履行合3．1990年，我國(guó)某外貿(mào)公司派遣貿(mào)易小組赴美設(shè)備，雙方在紐約已就設(shè)備規(guī)格、4．19833我國(guó)某手表廠(chǎng)A與國(guó)外某鐘表公司B簽訂了—份補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易合同。合同規(guī)定B方向A方提供生產(chǎn)手表表殼的成套設(shè)備，設(shè)備作價(jià)36萬(wàn)。A方以該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出備價(jià)款。之后3年，B方每年包銷(xiāo)A方5萬(wàn)只表殼，價(jià)格仍為每只2。合同附件中詳列明了B方提供設(shè)備的型號(hào)、規(guī)格及質(zhì)量要求，但對(duì)補(bǔ)償產(chǎn)品表殼的質(zhì)量、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及驗(yàn)收方法只作了一般性規(guī)定。合同簽訂后B方要求，A方請(qǐng)求銀行向B方開(kāi)出了以B方為受益人，總額為36萬(wàn)的不可撤銷(xiāo)的擔(dān)保函。同年6月，設(shè)備運(yùn)到，經(jīng)安裝調(diào)試，驗(yàn)收合格。8月，A方生產(chǎn)出樣品，經(jīng)B方派員驗(yàn)收，口頭通知A方合格。9月，A產(chǎn)出第一批l萬(wàn)只表殼，再經(jīng)B收時(shí)，B方提出有質(zhì)量問(wèn)題接受，為此雙方發(fā)生糾紛。10月A方接到該外國(guó)一人來(lái)函，稱(chēng)其BA3AA銀行追索36萬(wàn)。試分折此案例，中方應(yīng)如何對(duì)待？10月A方接到人的來(lái)函稱(chēng)已接管B方全部財(cái)產(chǎn)要求A方在3個(gè)月內(nèi)返還。但是B方提供給A方的用于補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易的設(shè)備已經(jīng)不是B方的財(cái)產(chǎn)，而A方按照合同規(guī)定生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品才屬于B方財(cái)產(chǎn)所以該人無(wú)權(quán)要求A方返還設(shè)備而對(duì)于補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易商品，A方無(wú)法在3個(gè)月內(nèi)交付，此時(shí)應(yīng)和人商議，是否仍然按原來(lái)合同規(guī)定，由A方提品而人銷(xiāo)售，還是另行規(guī)定補(bǔ)償辦法。我方A公司向舊金山B公司發(fā)盤(pán)某品l00公噸，每公噸2400CIF舊B公司回電稱(chēng)AB20%A公司BB，A即沒(méi)有做出還盤(pán)或接受，故合同不成立。B，ABAB的發(fā)盤(pán)作出接受，合同成立，這時(shí)，A青島某出口公司向出口一批蘋(píng)果合及來(lái)證均寫(xiě)的是三級(jí)品但到發(fā)貨時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)三級(jí)蘋(píng)果庫(kù)存告罄于是該出口公司改以二級(jí)交貨并在上加注“二級(jí)蘋(píng)果同意的話(huà)，我方必須想辦法用三級(jí)蘋(píng)果交貨，不然會(huì)因合同造成糾紛。國(guó)內(nèi)某公司以CIF紐約的價(jià)格條件向出口一批商品，由我方投保一切險(xiǎn)及約港，但卻增加了1500的運(yùn)費(fèi)。請(qǐng)問(wèn)，這筆運(yùn)費(fèi)應(yīng)由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)？為什么？(75分lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.（T）Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.（T）InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.（F）BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequalityofsuchgoodsbyexperience.（F）FirmsdependmainlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.（T）InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.（T）NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.（F）AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.（T）Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.（F）Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.（d）a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.（d）a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysresulted.（b）a. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthislow-browesteem.a. b. c. d.Peopleoflow-contextcultureresentintrusions.a. b. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.（a）a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofconsumers.a. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbumsales.a. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifulwilderness.a.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainstU.S.a. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchgoods:Goodswhosequalitycanbedetectedbyobservingbeforebuyingthem.Incontrast,experiencegoodsarethosewhosequalitycanonlybeknownbyusingthem.functionalorganizationalstructure:Themostwidelyusedorganizationalstructureintheworldtoday,withseniormanagementatthetop,middleandlowermanagersspreadoutdirectlybelow,andworkersatthebottom.Functionalstructurespromotespecializationofskillsandresources,enhancescareerdevelopmentwithinthespecialty,reducesduplicationofservices,whileontheotherhand,ittendtopromoteroutinetaskswithalimitedorientation.outsourcing:Theconceptoftakinginternal functionsandpayinganoutsidefirmtohandlethem.Outsourcingisdonetosavemoney,improvequality,or resourcesforotheractivities.Outsourcingwasfirstdoneinthedata-processingindustryandhasspreadtoareas,includingemessagingandcallcenters.Outsourcingisthewaveofthefuture.formalsystem:Theofficialwayasystemworksasdescribedination.Aformalsystemrestsonacceptedandfixeddefinitionsofdataandproceduresforcollecting,storing,processing,disseminating,andusingthesedata.Theformalsystemsarestructured,thatis,theyoperateinconformitywithpredefinedrulesthatarerelativelyfixedandnoteasilychanged.customerculture:Aculturethatincorporatescustomersatisfactionasanintegralpartofthecorporatemission,andutilizesanunderstandingofcustomerbehaviorasinputtoallofitsmarketingnsanddecisions.brand:Anameorsymbolusedtoidentifythesourceofgoodsorservices,andtodifferentiatethemfromthoseofothers.Brandingprotectsaseller'sproductsagainstthosemarketedbycompetitorsandimitatorsandhelpsconsumersidentifythequality,consistency,andimageryofapreferredsource.forwardverticalFDI:AformofverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatsellstheoutputsofafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.ForwardverticalFDIismuchlesscommonthanbackwardverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatprovidesinputsforafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.innovationcompatibility:Thisistheextenttowhichaproductisconsistentwithexistingvaluesandpastexperiencesofadopters.Thehistoryofproductfailuresininternationalmarketingisrepletewithexamplesthatwerecausedbythelackofcompatibilityofthenewproductsinthetargetmarket.bundledtechnology:Itreferstocontrolledtechnologythattheowneriswilltotransferonlyaspartofapackage,generallyincludinganownershipinterestintheforeignaffiliateusingthetechnology.Incontrast,unbundledtechnologyismadeavailableindependentoftechnologyr’stotalpackageofresources.contractmanufacturing:Manufacturingonthebasisofacontract.Customassemblypercustomer’srequirements.GiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-context【Answer】EdwardT.Hallhassuggestedtheconceptofhighandlowcontextasawayofunderstandingdifferentculturalorientation.Inlow-contextculture,messagesareexplicit;wordscarrymostoftheinformationincommunication.Inahigh-contextculture,lessinformationiscontainedintheverbalpartofamessage,sincemuchmoreinformationisinthecontextofcommunication,whichincludesthebackground,associations,andbasicvaluesoftheIngeneral,high-contextculturesgetalongwithmuchlesslegalpaperworkthanisdeemedessentialinlow-contextcultures.Inahigh-contextculture,a ’swordishisorherbond.Thereislessneedtoanticipatecontingenciesandprovideforexternallegalsanctionsinaculturethatemphasizesobligationsandtrustasimportantvalues.Inthesecultures,sharedfeelingsofobligationandhonortaketheceofimallegalsanctions—thustheimportanceoflongandprotractednegotiationsthatneverseemtogettothepoint.Partofthepurposeofnegotiatingfora ahigh-contextcultureistogettoknowthepotentialpartner.Yourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-handspreferred).【Answer】Theconsequencesofglobalizationarefar-reaching.Manyofthechangesbyglobalizationarepresentinguswithnewformsofrisk(manufacturedrisks,environmentalrisks,andhealthrisks).In1992,thedistanceintermsofwealthbetweentheworld'srichestandtheworld'spoorestcountrywasapproximay72to1.In1820,itwasabout3to1.Globalizationseemstobeexacerbatingthesetrendsbyfurtherconcentrating e,wealth,andresourceswithinasmallcoreofcountries.Globalizationisfundamentallyunderminingtheroleofnationalernmentsandproducingaworldorderinwhichtheyarelesscentral.TheWorldTradeOrganizationersarguedthattradeandeconomicglobalizationfurtherconcentratewealthinthehandsofafewwhileincreasingpovertyforthemajorityoftheworld'spopulation.Accordingtotheers,globaltradepavesthewayforlargetransnationalcorporationstoexploitlaborersandthenaturalresourcesinthedevelocountries.Manyareconvincedthattradewillweakentheeconomicpositionofpoorsocietiesbyallowingtransnationalcorporationstooperatewithfewornosafetyandenvironmentalregulations.Commercialinterests,theyclaim,areincreasinglytakingprecedenceoverconcernforhumanwell-Hofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferencesMasculinityvs.Femininity.【Answer】InHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences,the dimensionismasculinityversusfemininity.AccordingtoHofstede,somesocietiesallowbothmenandwomentotakemanydifferentroles.Othersinsistthatpeoplebehaveaccordingtorigidroles.Whensocietiesmakeasharpdivisionbetweenmaleandfemaleactivities,Hofstedeclaims“thedistributionisalwayssuchthatmentakemoreassertiveanddominantrolesandwomenthemoreservice-orientedandcaringroles”.Underthecategorymasculinityheputssocietiesthatemphasizeassertivenessandtheacquisitionofmoneyandmaterialthings,whiledeemphasizingcaringforothers.Incontrast,underthecategoryfemininityheputssocietiesthatemphasizerelationships,membersputhumanrelationshipsbeforemoneyandareconcernedwiththequalityoflife,preservingtheenvironment,andhelothers.HofstedefoundJapantobethemostmasculinecountry.InJapan,almostallwomenareexpectedtostayhomeandtakecareofchildren.Attheotherextreme,hefoundtheNordiccountriesandtheNetherlandstobethemostfeminine.Thereit’scommontoseemenstayinghomeashousehusbandswhiletheirwiveswork;andworkingmenareofferedpate