外文翻譯-汽車(chē)底盤(pán)構(gòu)造

附錄Ⅱ外文資料及翻譯AutomobileThe,asyouknow,evolvedfromthehorse-drawncarriagewhichwasgraduallyreplacedtheearlypartof.Earlyautomobilesevenlookedliketheautomobileforitselfinlivesalsobecometopurchase,andmaintain.Automobileforaofmostfamily.Infactoutoffourretailgoesforanthebestbuy,aconsumerhowworkandwhatofattentiontheyneedstayingoodKnowledgeofautomobileisequallyimportantforanyoneintheautomotivechapterwillbeginstudyofautomobilewithanofitsmajor,enginechassis.ChassisTheallpartsofautomobileunderchassisformsstructureofautomobilelargeofdesignsinpressed-steelformaskeletononwhichengine,wheelsassemblies,transmission,andmembersaremountedprocessbodyboltedto.Thecomponentsofthebasicare,wheels,tires,steering,andneededtodrivecar.Inseveralothermountedtochassisassemblyoftheautomobiletoframetbyaofsprings,shockabsorbers,andlinkagesthatmakeupthecar’ssuspensionsystem.Thesuspensionthevehicleoverroughroadsinwiththeallowsthetouprelativebodyoverchuckholes.importantchassisissteeringthedrivertocontrolcartravels.The,whichdrivercontrolsisconnectedagearboxthatmultipliesthedriver’seffort.Thegearboxtofrontwheelofvehicle.Thelastchassisbrakingthe,thefunctionofwhichiseitherreducethevehicle’sspeed,bringthevehicleahalt,orkeepitstationaryifalreadydriveronpedal,hydraulicfluidoutofacylindertoeachofwheels.Theresultingpressureortosloworthecar’swheels.EngineDieselaresubstantiallyefficientenginesbyanof35-40moreperunitoffuelefficiencythedieselhasbeenbytheofturbochargerscharged-aircooling,hasinminimumfuelalsonolongerconsidereda"dirty"fuel.Fuelinjectioncontrolhaveproducedthe"smokeless"roleofenableoffuelaMotoruseofReciprocatingEngine,whichgenerallywithgas,oilsystems,systems,ignitionsystems,toenginedrivingthatcar,andensurethatdrivertheinwiththeofnormaltraffic.ClutchThemainofclutchoffofenginetothatthecarstartedthetransmissionjoint,carintheshifttheoftoofGearbetweenintheirworklargerload,canlimittransmissionoflargestfacedbytorquetopreventtheoftoeffectivelyreduceofvibration.BoxAboxaandpowerchanginginstalledatpointbetweenthewheelsofthevehicle.Itprovidesfortherationbetweenenginewheelsrpmtobestmeetparticularsituation.Thegearadevicethatistobackofsamespeed.Thisiswhytoturnthesystemisengaged.achwheelissendsfromtothedriveAnautomobileatitsatrange.axlwisforonswivelingpinsataxleextremities.Systemsarmsandarodtheforswivelingbyathekingtoofaxlesbyashaft,agearboxandasuitablelinkageisopeatedbythedriver’shandwheel.Previouslytheaxle-aonepiecebeamusedtothethrougharrangementknownindependentfronthasaxlespringarrangement.UndertheofwheelstoriseandfallverticallyindependentlyofDriveAxleForrearwheels,alikeenclosingdrivingwithforrotatingisthecenterforthefinaldriveusedforspeedbetweentheenginetheofthetromaftlineofshafttolineofaxleisbytubeThedifferentialadevicesplitstheenginetorquetwoways,allowingeachoutputdifferentspeed.Itisoncars,alsoinvehicles.Theseall-wheel-drivevehiclesneedadifferentialbetweeneachofwheels,needonefrontandthebackwheelsbecausethefrontwheelsthroughaturntherearwheels.don'thaveabetweenthefrontrearinstead,lockedsothatfronthavetoturnatthprovideditsownhalfshaftconnectedadifferentialatthecenterofaxle.ThewheelsfreetoatdifferentspeedsalthoughtheyarewithequalbythedifferentialBakeForcontrollingthemovementofthestopthem,efficientbrakingsystemaforvehicle.Brakestoeachofwheelsareofthetype,aofshoesonaplateinwithrotatingmountedonthewheelstoarrestthemotionofdrum.Intypeofpairsofpadsinacaliperthewheellinkage.Thesidesthediskonwheelaregripedbypedal,thebrakesareapplied.AhandleveractinglinkageinForthebrake,eithermechanicalorsystemsystemformechanicalhydraulicforusedForoutputshaftofthegearrearaxle,ashaftshaftused.Thisisinatubularcasingkeptexposedwithajointfittedeachforallowingthechangesintheshaftwiththeriseandfalloftherearaxletovariations.Universalbeevenifthefinaldrivetoframewiththeresultingfromflexingofthevehicleroadsurfacesbenorthepreciseofshaftbewithoutthem.Fortheofshockfromunevenroadthevehicle,springsaresupporttheInordertoallowforverticalofthewheelsrelativetoframeaswelltoallowpartsoftheshafttoatdifferentusedarrangementofmountingfinal-drivegearsthedifferentialinacasingattachedthewithindependentlytobymeansofthroughdevicescalleduniversaljoints.WheelsThewheelswhichfourinarefittedbelowthechassistotheloadofthepassengersaswellasruncar.Theyarefittedwithhollowrubbertyresfilledwithairinrubberunderforirregularitiesareabsorbedbybetweenwheelsandthevehicletheverticalmovementofinrelationtovehicle,greaterpartofunevennessoftakenof.Whenroundawheeltotraveldistanceincomparisonthebothrearatthesamespeedifareconnectedbyarotationofbothwouldinoforofthemroadsurfacewearwelltwistingloadsonwheelsofisnotso)canonlyatsamespddewitheoutsliponroad.Tyresfittedthesidesbeofstatesofwearandtyreofnominalbydifferentsamemanufacturerdifferinornotbesimilar.Duetochangeofradius(thefromtoground)thesizeofthetyremanybebydifferentinflationalso.theaboveknow,notonlyontheofautooftheperformance,aextentcomponentsofcoordinationandoveralllayout;overallofofvehicledesignquality,performanceandvitalityproductsdecisive譯文汽車(chē)底盤(pán)造現(xiàn)代的汽車(chē)是從上一個(gè)世紀(jì)早期用馬車(chē)逐漸演變過(guò)來(lái)的早期的汽車(chē)看起來(lái)更像支架汽車(chē)在我們的日常生活中占有了一席之地也變得越來(lái)越昂貴在使用和維護(hù)方面。汽車(chē)費(fèi)用現(xiàn)在占多數(shù)家庭預(yù)算的一個(gè)堅(jiān)固部分。要做最佳的購(gòu)買(mǎi)消費(fèi)者必須了解汽車(chē)工作狀態(tài)并且讓它們保持在良好工作狀態(tài)。汽車(chē)知識(shí)為考慮在汽車(chē)制造業(yè)就業(yè)的任何人都是同樣重要的。本文主要研究汽車(chē)主要組分框架、身體、引擎、傳動(dòng)和底盤(pán)等。底盤(pán)汽車(chē)底盤(pán)是指對(duì)汽車(chē)底部所有結(jié)構(gòu)的描述。現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)就是底盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)。大量的設(shè)計(jì)要求是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，輪胎，車(chē)軸組件，變速器，轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)，制動(dòng)器和懸架安裝在鋼制框架上在底盤(pán)的制造過(guò)程中主要取決于螺栓的靈活性底盤(pán)基本框架的主要組成部分是動(dòng)機(jī)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)輪胎向裝置制動(dòng)器，懸架和汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向所需要的所有部件。此外，其他幾個(gè)系統(tǒng)是也被安裝在底盤(pán)上。懸架系統(tǒng)無(wú)論是對(duì)穿越崎嶇道路的旅行車(chē)輛輪胎還是對(duì)在正確公路上行駛的汽車(chē)輪胎都有吸收道路沖擊的作用當(dāng)馬路不平引起汽車(chē)顛簸時(shí)它也能允許輪胎上下移動(dòng)。另一個(gè)重要的底盤(pán)部分是轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，它是駕駛員用來(lái)控制汽車(chē)行駛方向的系統(tǒng)駕駛員控制的方向盤(pán)被連接在變速器上使駕駛員的控制力變強(qiáng)這個(gè)變速器是被連接到車(chē)輛的前輪上。汽車(chē)底盤(pán)的另一個(gè)主要組成部分是制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是能使行駛車(chē)輛減速，使車(chē)輛停止如果車(chē)輛已停止將保持平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)當(dāng)駕駛員踩動(dòng)剎車(chē)踏板時(shí)液壓油被迫離開(kāi)主缸傳到四個(gè)輪子中液壓運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的鼓狀和盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器作用使汽車(chē)的輪胎放慢或停止。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)效率比汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的高35%-40%，生產(chǎn)更多的電力單位燃料的燃燒。效率的柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)已大大加強(qiáng)，使用渦輪增壓器和帶電空氣冷卻，從而導(dǎo)致更多的功率和性能，最低燃油消耗率。先進(jìn)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)也意味著柴油已不再被視為“骯臟”的燃料。燃油噴射和控制戰(zhàn)略已產(chǎn)生的“無(wú)煙”柴油。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的作用是使輸入汽缸的燃料燃燒而發(fā)出動(dòng)力代汽車(chē)廣泛應(yīng)用往復(fù)活塞式內(nèi)燃機(jī)，它一般有機(jī)體，配氣機(jī)構(gòu)，曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)，燃油供油系統(tǒng)，冷卻系統(tǒng)，點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)，啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等部分組成。地盤(pán)接受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力，使汽車(chē)產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)，并保證汽車(chē)按照駕駛員的操縱正常行駛。離合器離合器的主要功用是切斷和實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)傳動(dòng)系的動(dòng)力傳遞證汽車(chē)起步時(shí)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)系平順的接合確保汽車(chē)平穩(wěn)起步在換擋時(shí)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)系分離減少變速器中換擋齒輪之間的沖擊在工作中受到較大的動(dòng)載荷時(shí)能限制傳動(dòng)系所承受的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩以防止傳動(dòng)系各部分零件因過(guò)載而損壞有效地降低傳動(dòng)系中的振動(dòng)和噪音。變速器變速器是一個(gè)速力變化裝置安裝在車(chē)輛的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪之間.變速器用以改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速間的比率關(guān).以適應(yīng)每種行駛狀況傳輸裝置連接到背面的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的功率從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪這樣在一定的范圍內(nèi)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行也會(huì)處于最佳狀態(tài)。前橋前橋是用來(lái)控制與固定在車(chē)橋兩端上的部件并通過(guò)相互連接的在前車(chē)橋末端的轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)上進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)減輕整車(chē)的質(zhì)量,讓整車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊,采用膜片彈簧離合器,高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)其性能

穩(wěn)定，膜片彈簧離合器與螺旋彈簧離合器相比有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn),傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩較大而且平穩(wěn)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單緊湊，操縱輕便使用壽命長(zhǎng)。轉(zhuǎn)向器轉(zhuǎn)向器以及轉(zhuǎn)向拉桿將兩根轉(zhuǎn)向軸連接起來(lái)并通過(guò)與轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)相連的轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)向輪來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)他們轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)通過(guò)一根軸連接到了轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂的一端變速器以及一個(gè)合適的連接軸通過(guò)駕駛員的操作而被執(zhí)行前的單個(gè)橋是通過(guò)彈簧來(lái)支持汽車(chē)這里的布置還了解到采用獨(dú)立前懸已經(jīng)取代了車(chē)軸和彈簧的所一起布置形成的系統(tǒng)在采用獨(dú)立懸架內(nèi)彈簧的控制下車(chē)輪就可以獨(dú)立于其他自由的上下彈動(dòng)了。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋?yàn)榱税惭b好后邊的車(chē)輪半軸套管將半軸在輪子被使用的時(shí)候開(kāi)始通過(guò)合適的軸承來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)后橋在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪之間為了促使驅(qū)動(dòng)橋內(nèi)的驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪提供最終轉(zhuǎn)速它在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋中心的轉(zhuǎn)速不斷增大這種方向改變的驅(qū)動(dòng)放把前部和后部到排列成一條直線的傳動(dòng)軸的軸槽也是由這種部件提供的被稱(chēng)為后置驅(qū)動(dòng)橋.差速器就是一種將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出扭矩一分為二的裝置許轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)輸出兩種不同的轉(zhuǎn)速。在現(xiàn)代轎車(chē)，包括許多四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車(chē)上，都能找到差速器。這些四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)的每組車(chē)輪之間都需要差速器同樣其兩前輪和兩后輪之間也需要一個(gè)差速器是因?yàn)樵谄?chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)輪和后輪對(duì)比后輪的距離是不相同的。部分四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)前后輪之間沒(méi)有差速器相反的他們被固定聯(lián)結(jié)在一起以至于前后輪轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)能夠以同樣的平均轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。每個(gè)車(chē)輪都設(shè)有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的半軸過(guò)差速器的差速齒輪連接到一起并在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的中心匯合車(chē)輪都可以以不同的速度自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)雖然他們都靠不同的齒輪提供同樣的驅(qū)動(dòng).制動(dòng)器控制或者阻止汽車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)高效率的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是汽車(chē)所不可缺少的通過(guò)四個(gè)車(chē)輪起到剎車(chē)作用的部件有兩種類(lèi)型最起初的類(lèi)型一對(duì)剎車(chē)片被固定在一個(gè)固定的板子上被擴(kuò)大然后連接到安裝在輪子上旋轉(zhuǎn)式的制動(dòng)鼓上這樣可以控制到鼓的執(zhí)行動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)代的剎車(chē)類(lèi)型上一對(duì)或者多對(duì)的墊片被放置在一個(gè)靠在車(chē)橋或者車(chē)輪支撐連接的卡鉗上安裝在輪胎上側(cè)面的制動(dòng)盤(pán)以用來(lái)緊緊的抓住這些墊片通過(guò)在踏板施加壓力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)剎車(chē)手動(dòng)杠桿的作用是通過(guò)一個(gè)單獨(dú)的連接來(lái)鎖定定位器。在制動(dòng)器的操作方面論是機(jī)械式的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)還是液壓制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)都可以被使用械式的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)需要通過(guò)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)