英語句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí) 市賽獲獎(jiǎng)

英語句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語（predicate）：說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表語（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.（介詞短語)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容詞化的分詞）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語從句）常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感覺）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.賓語：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語補(bǔ)語Sheishappy．主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語＋賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）Exercises分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.21.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany．22.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim．23.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.25.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.26.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.27.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?28Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.29.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim?30.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞）1.你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我們談了很多。4.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。5.在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。6.這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。8.每天八時(shí)開始上課。9.這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。10.五年前我住在北京。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語）1.昨晚我寫了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?.這本書他讀過多次了。4.他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。5.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。6.那位先生能流利地說三種語言。7.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。8.Jim還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。9.我們大家都相信Jack是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。10.他不知道說什麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語）1.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2.冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。3.布朗夫人看起來很健康。4.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5.孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。6.這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。7.她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。8.他失業(yè)了。9.樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。10.這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語）1.Johnson先生去年教我們德語。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。3.Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。4.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5.他把車票給列車員看。6.這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。7.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8.RobinsonCrusoe給自己做了一只小船。9.請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語）1.我們叫她Alice.2.他的父母給他取名為John.3.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。4.他們把門推開了。5.他們把小偷釋放了。6.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。7.他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。8.我要你把真相告訴我。9.衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。10.明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。11.每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。12.痛苦使得他叫喊起來。13.我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。14.他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。15.我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。16.那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17.她正在聽人家講故事。18.男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。19.我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。20.他感到很難跟你交談。21.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22.我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。23.學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。24.我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無益的。Therebe句型1.今晚沒有會(huì)。2.這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。3.這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。4.客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。5.天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。6.燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。7.戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。8.恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。9.從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。10.公共汽車來了。11.就只剩下二十八美元了。12.在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹。13.鈴響了。14.二月份有二十八天。KEYS分析下列句子成分1.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語2.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語3.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語4.主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語5.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語6.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋形式賓語it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語7.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語8.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語9.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語10.主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語11.主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語12主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語13.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語14.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語15.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語16.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語17.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語18.主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語19.主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞20.主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞21.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語22.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語23.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語24.主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞25.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語26.主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞27.主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語28.主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語29.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語30.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Youshouldstudyhard.2.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6.Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8.Classesbeginateighteveryday.9.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語）1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdresshimself.9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語補(bǔ)語）1.Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2.Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4.Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5.Children,keepquietplease.6.ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8.Heisoutofwork.9.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語）1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.9.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?10.ShallIcallyouataxi?復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)語）1.WecallherAlice.2.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Theypushedthedooropen.5.Theyhavesetthethieffree.6.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7.Heaskedustojoininthegame.8.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10.TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.11.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12.Thepainmadehimcryout.13.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.14.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.15.I’llgetmyrecordermended.16.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17.Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18.heboyswerewatchingthe