第一部分語法知識第十八章主謂一致

第十八章主謂一致一、考點解讀本章要求考生掌握并列句和從句中的主謂一致,主要闡述了謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)的方面與主語保持一致。這是歷年高職高考里最?？嫉闹R之一,主要考試形式有語法選擇題、詞組翻譯和完形填空題。二、知識結(jié)構(gòu)主謂一致是指英語句子中,主語和它所支配的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)的變化上要保持一致。即主語用單數(shù),謂語動詞則用單數(shù);主語用復數(shù),謂語動詞則用復數(shù)。主謂一致主要有三大原則,即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則。(一)語法一致原則

語法一致是指謂語動詞形式的變化要和主語的單、復數(shù)形式保持一致。1.單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞或主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyourhealth.Todomorningexercisesisgoodforus.RiceisgrowninthispartofChina.2.either,neither,somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,none,something,anything,nothing等不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Everythingisready.Somebodyiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Everyoneishere.3.each,either,neither,no等詞用作形容詞修飾主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Neitherofthemhasbeenabroad.Nooneknowsthenews.Eachofthestudentslikesplayingfootball.4.manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作為主語,意思為“許多”,語法中有a/one,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Morethanonepersongoestoworkbycar.Manyachildlikesreading“HarryPotter”.5.and連接兩個或兩個以上主語前如果有each,every,no等修飾語時(后面的一個有時也可省略),謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyand(each)girlhopestogetpresentswhenthenewyearcomes.Eachmanand(each)ladyhasgotaticket.Notheoldand(no)theyounghasinjuredinthisaccident.6.在強調(diào)句中,被強調(diào)的部分作為主語時,從句中的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與被強調(diào)部分的數(shù)保持一致。ItisTomandMarythatisgoodatEnglish.7.在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等作主語時,其謂語動詞應與先行詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。但是oneof+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句,從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;如果one前面有theonly,thevery,thefirst修飾時,定語從句的謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。Iknowtheladywhoistalkingwithmymother.Jackisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbyourteacheryesterday.Jackistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbyourteacheryesterday.8.主語不管是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),如后面跟著alongwith,with,aswellas,togetherwith,like,besides,except,but,including,inadditionto等起連接作用的詞語,謂語的數(shù)形式不受它們影響,與主語的單復數(shù)形式保持一致。Noonebutweknowsanythingaboutit.Theteacherwith50studentswasplayingbasketballontheplayground.Nothingbutabedisintheroom.EveryoneexceptTomandJohnwastherewhenthemeetingbegan.Airaswellaswaterisveryimportanttomen.【例題詳析】(

)例1.Readingbooks

onewise.

A.make B.makes C.made D.get【答案】B【解析】動名詞作主語,表示單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(

)例2.Eitherofthem

togo.

A.are B.is C.have D.will【答案】B【解析】either修飾主語them,為單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(

)例3.Nothinginthebox

mine.

A.is B.are C.have D.has【答案】A【解析】nothing為不定代詞,作主語,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(

)例4.Morethanoneperson

absent.

A.was B.were C.have D.has【答案】A【解析】morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語時,表示許多,但是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(

)例5.Mybrother,aswellasmyparents,

akeytotheoffice.

A.be B.have C.are D.is【答案】D【解析】主語mybrother后面跟有aswellas是作為一種插入語成分,謂語動詞要和前面的主語保持一致。(

)例6.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat

publishedthisyear.

A.is B.are C.were D.was【答案】B【解析】oneof+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句,則從句中的謂語動詞用復數(shù);但如果one前面有theonly,thevery,thefirst修飾時,定語從句的謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式?！倦S堂精練】(

)1.Wheretolive

notbeendecided.

A.is B.have C.has D.are(

)2.Thechildwithoutparents

goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.

A.istaken B.aretaken C.take D.takes(

)3.ItisIwho

inchargeoftheexperiment.

A.be B.am C.is D.areCAB(

)4.Nothingbutcars

intheshop.

A.issold B.aresold C.weresold D.aregoingtosell(

)5.Manyastudent

goingtobeexaminedinthehospital.

A.be B.are C.will D.is(

)6.Thosewho

togotherepleasesigntheirnameshere.

A.wants B.wanted C.want D.willwantADC(二)意義一致原則意義一致是指謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與主語意義上的單復數(shù)一致。1.以-s結(jié)尾的學科名詞,表示國家、機構(gòu)名稱的專有名詞,書報名稱及一些形式上是復數(shù)而意義上是單數(shù)的名詞,如politics(政治學),physics(物理學),mathematics(數(shù)學),UnitedStates(美國),news(新聞),means(方法)等名詞或名詞詞組用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.Politicsisoneofmyfavoritesubjects.Everymeanshasbeentried.2.表示成對的名詞,如trousers(褲子),glasses(眼鏡),scissors(剪刀),shoes(鞋子),gloves(手套),stockings(襪子)等詞作為主語時,謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式;但是如果這些詞前面有pair等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式則與量詞pair等詞的單復數(shù)來保持一致。Apairofscissorsisausefultoolforadressmaker.Therearefivepairsofglovesinthebox.TheseshoesaremadeinAmerica.3.表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞作為主語時,形式上是復數(shù),但是意義上是一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Eightyearshaspassedsincewelivedhere.Twentythousanddollarsisalargesumofmoneytous.Seventymilesislongforme.4.the+國籍民族的形容詞或the+形容詞表示一類人作為主語時,或the+姓氏的復數(shù)形式表示一家人作為主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Thedisabledhavebeengivenmuchhelpfromthesociety.TheGreensareallfondofpopmusic.5.and連接兩個并列主語時,如果表示同一個人或物,或者并列主語被修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,其標志是后面那個名詞不帶the或a。Theworkerandwriterhaswrittenanewnovel.TheartistandthepoetaregoingtoAustralianextweek.6.集體名詞,如family(家庭),class(班級),team(隊),government(政府),group(組),club(俱樂部),enemy(敵人)等詞作為主語時,如果指代整體時為單數(shù),謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式;如果指其中的成員時為復數(shù),謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。Myfamilyarealllookingforwardtomeetingyou.Myfamilyisnotalargeone.Thereareonlythreepeopleinit.Theteamismadeupofelevenpeople.Theteamarepracticinghardeverydayforthecomingmatch.7.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞”及alotof,lotsof,plentyof,partof+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作為主語時,謂語動詞的形式要與短語of后面的名詞保持一致。Three-fifthsofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingareartists.ThirtypercentofthewheathasbeensenttoAfrica.Lotsoftheorangeshavebeensold.8.表示不定數(shù)量的詞,如all,none,any,some,most,half,therest等詞作為主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式根據(jù)名詞及其含義來確定。Allthestudentslistentotheteachercarefully.AllIknowaboutheristhatherfatherisadoctor.Therestofthehomeworkhasbeenfinished.Mostofthetrainticketshavebeenbooked.9.Chinese(中國人),Japanese(日本人),fish,sheep,deer,means等詞的單復數(shù)同形,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式根據(jù)含義來決定。TheonlymeanstoimproveouroralEnglishistospeakingmore.Allmeanshavebeentried.10.詞組“anumberof(大量的)+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式;但是“thenumberof(……的數(shù)量)+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofyoungpeoplehavetakenpartinthebasketballmatch.Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisfifty.【例題詳析】(

)例7.Thesingeranddancer

oureveningparty.

A.istoattend B.istojoin C.aretoattend D.aretojoin【答案】A【解析】and連接并列兩個名詞作主語表示同一個人或物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。其標志為后面那個名詞不帶the或a。再結(jié)合題意,表示參加、出席晚會,則用attendeveningparty。(

)例8.

alreadybeeninterviewed.

A.Anumberofapplicantshave B.Anumberofapplicantshas C.Thenumberofapplicantshave D.Thenumberofapplicantshas【答案】A【解析】本題表示許多求職者已經(jīng)被面試;主語anumberofapplicants“很多求職者”表示復數(shù),所以在現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞用have。(

)例9.Allthatcanbeeaten

eatenup.

A.havebeen B.hadbeen C.hasbeen D.arebeing【答案】C【解析】不定數(shù)量的詞all作為主語時,表示一個整體概念,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與其含義一致,則用單數(shù)形式。(

)例10.Thepolice

aprisoner.

A.aresearchedfor B.issearching C.aresearchingfor D.issearchingfor【答案】C【解析】police表示“警察”,是指每一位成員,表示復數(shù)概念,所以謂語動詞be用復數(shù)形式are。(

)例11.Two-fifthsofthestudentsinourclass

frombigcities.

A.is B.have C.are D.has【答案】C【解析】two-fifthsofthestudents表示五分之二的學生,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與短語of后面的名詞students保持一致?！倦S堂精練】(

)7.Physics

hisfavoritesubject.

A.are B.am C.is D.be(

)8.Thirtypercentoftheland

mountains.

A.is B.have C.are D.has(

)9.Thewounded

goodcareofherenow.

A.istaking B.aretaking C.arebeingtaken D.istakenCAC(

)10.Thispairofshoes

wornout.

A.hadbeen B.havebeen C.were D.was(

)11.Deer

fasterthandogs.

A.willrun B.run C.runs D.arerunning(

)12.Theprofessorandwriter

invitedtoourschooltogivetalks.

A.is B.are C./ D.wereDBA(三)就近原則就近原則是指在句中出現(xiàn)并列主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式按照就近一致的原則,與靠近它的主語保持一致。1.在倒裝句、here句型和therebe句型中,如有兩個或兩個以上的名詞或名詞短語作主語,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式通常和最鄰近的那個主語保持一致。Theregoesthebell.HerearetwobooksandanEnglishdictionaryforyou.Thereisabedandtwochairsintheroom.2.由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso,...or...等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與靠近謂語動詞的主語一致。NeitherherparentsnorLilyisathome.NotonlymysonbutalsoIamfondoftheWorldCup.【例題詳析】(

)例12.

Chinese

JapaneseareAsians.

A.Both;and B.Neither;nor C.Neither;or D.Either;or【答案】A【解析】主語由both...and連接時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;由并列結(jié)構(gòu)either...or,neither...nor連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與靠近的那個名詞或代詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。(

)例13.EitherheorI

goingthere.

A.are B.is C.am D.be【答案】C【解析】主語由either...or連接時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與靠近的那個名詞或代詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。(

)例14.There

pricelessjewelryondisplayattheexhibitionhall.

A.are B.have C.is D.has【答案】C【解析】在therebe句型中,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與靠近的那個名詞或代詞的單復數(shù)保持一致,由于jewelry(珠寶)為不可數(shù)名詞,所以答案選擇C。(

)例15.Here

apresentforyou.

A.are B.is C.have D.has【答案】B【解析】在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與靠近的那個名詞或代詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。【隨堂精練】(

)13.There

inthisroom.

A.aretoomanyfurnitures B.aretoomuchfurniture C.aretoomuchfurnitures D.istoomuchfurniture(

)14.NeitherhenorI

fortheplan.

A.were B.is C.am D.are(

)15.NotIbutmybrother

takenthebookaway.

A.is B.are C.has D.have(

)16.Eitheryouorhe

wrong.

A.were B.was C.are D.isDCAD(

)17.Oneorthreefriends

comingtoseeyou.

A.is B.are C.has D.have(

)18.Here

yourparcels.

A.has B.have C.are D.is(

)19.Bothmyfatherandmymother

fondofdrawingwhentheywereyoung.

A.were B.are C.was D.is(

)20.NotonlyMarybutalsohersister

theparty.

A.aregoingto B.isgoingto C.goingto D.isgoingBCAB三、強化訓練(一)語法選擇(

)1.Thefootballteam

tomeetthisSaturdayafternoon.

A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了集體名詞作為主語的主謂一致。根據(jù)意義一致原則,句中team意思為隊,屬于集體名詞,強調(diào)一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),故選擇答案A.is。(

)2.Thenumberofpeopleinvited

sixty,butanumberofthem

absentfordifferentreasons.

A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了thenumberof和anumberof加名詞或代詞作為主語時的主謂一致。根據(jù)語法一致的原則,thenumberof表示“……的數(shù)量”,后面接的名詞用作后置定語,主語是thenumber,所以謂語動詞只能用單數(shù);而anumberof后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),表示許多,相當于many,修飾其后面的名詞,謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。(

)3.

goingtoJapanforholidays.

A.Whiteare B.Whitesare C.TheWhitesare D.TheWhiteis【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了the+姓氏的復數(shù)形式表示某人一家,作為主語的主謂一致,根據(jù)意義一致原則,謂語動詞為復數(shù)形式。(

)4.Thelittleboywantstodonothingbut

.

A.toplay B.play C.playing D.plays【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了主語后面跟有but表示“除……以外”的意思的主謂一致,句中主語不是并列主語,而是作為一種插入成分,根據(jù)語法一致原則,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要和前面的主語保持一致。(

)5.Eightydollars

enoughfortheskirt.

A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了表示金錢的詞語作為主語的主謂一致,句中主語eightydollars形式上是復數(shù)形式,但是意義上是表示一個整體,根據(jù)語法一致原則,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。(

)6.Eachboyandeachgirl

anE-mail.

A.havegone B.hasgone C.havegot D.hasgot【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了and連接的兩個或兩個以上主語前有each作為修飾語的主謂一致,and后面的each可省略,根據(jù)意義一致原則,句中的主語為eachboyandeachgirl,表示一個整體概念,謂語動詞為單數(shù)形式,結(jié)合句子的意思,故答案為D.hasgot。(

)7.There

oneortwomistakesintheseanswers.

A.is B.are C.was D.willbe【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了therebe句型的主謂一致,根據(jù)就近原則,句中therebe句型中有兩個或兩個以上的名詞oneortwomistakes作主語,謂語動詞和最鄰近的那個主語one保持一致,故本題謂語動詞為單數(shù)形式,答案為A.is。(

)8.Aforkandknife

onthetable.

A.is B.are C.hasbeen D.havebeen【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了主語為兩個名詞用and連接表示一個整體概念的主謂一致,且and后面的名詞沒有冠詞,句中的主語aforkandknife表示一套刀叉,屬于一個整體概念,根據(jù)意義一致原則,謂語動詞用單數(shù),結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),故選答案A.is。(

)9.ReadingEnglishnovels

agoodwaytoimproveyourEnglish.

A.are B.be C.were D.is【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了動名詞短語作為主語的主謂一致。句中的主語為動名詞短語readingEnglishnovels,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(

)10.Seventypercentoftheearth

coveredbywater.

A.has B.have C.is D.are【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了百分數(shù)作主語的主謂一致。百分數(shù)+of+theearth構(gòu)成的數(shù)詞短語用作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與of后面的名詞theearth一致,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,再結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),所以答案選C.is。(

)11.BothLily’sparentsandshe

toAmerica.

A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.is D.were【答案】B

【解析】本題主要考查了連詞并列主語的主謂一致。both...and...連接名詞Lily’sparents和代詞she作并列主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,結(jié)合時態(tài),故本題選擇答案B.havebeen。(

)12.NeitherTomnorHenryandJack

howtosolvethisproblem.

A.know B.knew C.knows D.knowing【答案】A

【解析】本題主要考查連詞并列主語的主謂一致。neither...nor...連接并列主語Tom,HenryandJack,根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與靠近謂語動詞的主語HenryandJack一致,故謂語動詞為復數(shù)形式,再結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),所以答案選A.know。(

)13.EitherBilloryou

ondutyyesterdaymorning.

A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】D

【解析】本題主要考查連詞并列主語的主謂一致,句子中通過either...or...連接并列主語Bill,you,根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與靠近謂語動詞的主語you一致,故謂語動詞為復數(shù)形式,再結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),所以答案選D.were。(

)14.Mathematics

oneofmyfavoritesubjects.

A.are B.is C.were D.was【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了一些學科名詞,形式上是復數(shù),而實際上表示單數(shù)概念的主謂一致。主語mathematics意思為數(shù)學,作為主語,根據(jù)意義一致原則,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,再結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),所以答案選B.is。(

)15.Theold

lookedafterwellinAustralia.

A.was B.were C.is D.are【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了the+形容詞old表示一類人作為主語的主謂一致。根據(jù)意義一致的原則,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,再結(jié)合本題的時態(tài),所以答案選D。(二)完成句子根據(jù)漢語提示,完成下列句子。16.Listen!Someone

(在唱歌)inthenextroom.

【答案】issinging

【解析】本題考查了不定代詞作主語的主謂一致。不定代詞someone作主語,根據(jù)語法一致的用法原則,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。17.Airaswellaswater

(很重要)topeople.

【答案】isveryimportant

【解析】本題考查了主語后面跟有插入語的主謂一致。在主語air后面跟有aswellas連接名詞water作為插入成分,根據(jù)語法一致原則,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。18.Mostofhersparetime

(已經(jīng)花費)inplayingcomputergames.

【答案】has