定語從句用法及重點解析

定語從句用法及重點解析

一.定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語

1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞

后面。

2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞

關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；

關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why等。

關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1,引導(dǎo)定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成

分。

選擇關(guān)系詞是要注意以下三個問題：

1.限定性定語從句還是非限定性定語從句

2.先行詞是人，還是事物，還是既有人也有物

3.關(guān)系詞定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?/p>

二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語

或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesone

million.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whom1sawthismorning?

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞(常是which/whom)引

導(dǎo)

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(3)We'11gotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

We'11gotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecare

of等

(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom,不可用who或者that；指物時用

which,不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose

(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)

(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few

等代詞或者數(shù)詞

(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

四.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

2.where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3.why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon，tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以山“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathe

wantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.

五.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句

形式上不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開

意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后意思仍完

刪除整

譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，通常翻譯成主句的并列句

關(guān)系詞的使用A.作賓語時可省略A,不可省

上B,可用thatB,不用that

C,可用詞io代替whomC,不用who代替Whom

限制性定語從句舉例：

(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.

非限制性定語從句舉例：

(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同

(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)

(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。(他只有一個哥哥)

難點分析

(一)限制性定語從句只能用that不能用which的幾種情況

1.當(dāng)先彳了詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除外)，few,all,none,

little,some等代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等

修飾時

(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4.當(dāng)形容詞被thevery,theonly,thebest修飾時

(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.

5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有物時

(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

(二)關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1.as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.

2.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句;

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”

的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon，tbelieve.

注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時;常用which

(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.

3.當(dāng)先行次受such,thesame修飾時，常用as

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意：當(dāng)先行次由thesame修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)

的定語從句意思不同

(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.

她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.

她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

(三)以theway為先行詞的定語從句通常由inwhich,that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴?/p>

(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

(四)當(dāng)先行詞是時間，地點，原因時，一定特別注意關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的句子成分。

如果是作主語或是賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞，若是作狀語，才用關(guān)系副詞。

1)ThisisthesmallvillagewhereIgrewup.

Thisisthesmallvillagethat/which//Iwillneverforget.

2)Doyouremembertheholidaythat/which//wespenttogether?

Doyouremembertheholidaywhenweplayedtogether?

3)Hetoldmethereasonwhyhewaslate.

Isthisthereasonthat/which//hegaveforhisbeinglate?

六區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句

1.定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，

是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定語從句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于從句

2.定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時可以省略；同

位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,

whether,what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定

語

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

3.同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位語

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.

1.TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren，sPalace.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

2.Doyouknowtheman?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

3.Thisisthehotellastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

4.DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

5.ThatisthedayI'11neverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

6.Thefactorywe'11visitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms,

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked

9.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

10.Thepenheiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.mwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

11.Theyarrivedeitafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

12.Theengineer_—_myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom

13.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose

14.rminterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which

15.Iwanttousethesamedictionarywasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

16.Heisn，tsuchamanheusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

18.LiMing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim

19.1don'tlikeasyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsc.suchnovelsD.samenovels

20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatc.whomD.what

21.Theletterisfrommysister,_______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatc.whomD.who

22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.

A.themB.whichc.whomD.who

23.You*retheonlypersonI'veevermetcoulddoit.

A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who

24.Ilostabook,Ican'tremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what

26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

27.Icanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywe

spenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

28.Thewayhelooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

29.Thisisthereasonhedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter

31.Thereason____hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what

32.Heisworkinghard,willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who

33.ThatisnotthewayIdoit.

A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich

34.Ihavetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

35.Iwanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

A.aswasB.whichwasaswereD.which

36.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,—_____wasverykind

ofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich

38.Heisnotsuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

40.Smoking,isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

41.---Didyouasktheguard________happened?

—Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.

A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedonthefarmwith

thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho______cars_______increasing.

A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

44.Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.

A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed

45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewasgoing

oninsidehouse.

A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that

47.IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?

A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere

48.Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.who

49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.

A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich

50.Allthatcanbeeateneatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

參考答案及解析

1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。

2.C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoke

to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。

3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。

4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

5.A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。

6.C.解析同第5題。

7.A.解析見第3題。

8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用

復(fù)述的被動語態(tài)havebeenshown?如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the,則theone

應(yīng)該視為先行詞。

9.A."談到某事物”應(yīng)說talkaboutsth.oabout是介詞,其后要用which作賓語,

不能用thato

10.A.withwhich是〃介詞+關(guān)系代詞〃結(jié)構(gòu)，常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有〃用〃的意的

介詞之后只能用which,不能用that,withwhich在定語從句中作狀語，即heiswriting

withapen.

11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句

中作狀語.

12.I),withwhom引導(dǎo)定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為：myfatherworkswiththe

engineer.

13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.

14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句，因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).

15.D.thesame.....as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在

本句話中，as作從句的主語.

16.D.such.....as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本題

中，as作表語.

17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句

中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在

主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.

18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句，withwhomIwenttotheconcert是

定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為：IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.

19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和

same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可

以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時，要用sucha...本題中suchbooks,

such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.

20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又表示物的

名詞時,其關(guān)系代詞要用that.

21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.

22.C.twothirdsofwhomHP:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.

23.D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句，第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為，whom

作從句中met的賓語，可以省略.第二個從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語,不可

省略.

24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhich

25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamous

for”以……..而聞名

26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.