Unit 1 Reading Extended reading 知識點學(xué)案 高二上學(xué)期英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第二冊

Unit1Readingwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾主語thefire↑1.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語該句主語為thefire，謂語為spreadbethoughttohavedone…被認(rèn)為做了……強(qiáng)調(diào)事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生。該結(jié)構(gòu)也可使用bethoughttodoorbedoingsth.…的形式。e.g.Gutenbergisthoughttohaveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks.人們認(rèn)為古騰堡印刷了一些較小的書籍。Fraudisthoughttobecostingsoftwarecompaniesmillionsofdollarsayear.據(jù)悉，欺詐行為每年給軟件公司造成數(shù)百萬美元的損失。Classicalmusicisoftenthoughttobedifficultandinaccessible.古典音樂通常被認(rèn)為是困難和難以接近的。2.Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.extendv.1)tocontinueforaparticulardistanceoroveraparticulararea延伸;伸展e.g.ThecompanyextendeditsoperationsinEurope.這家公司擴(kuò)大了在歐洲的業(yè)務(wù)。2)tocontinueforalongerperiodoftime,ortomakesomethinglastlonger持續(xù);延長e.g.Herpoliticalcareerextendedoveraperiodof50years.她的政治生涯長達(dá)50年?！菊Z境應(yīng)用】漢譯英。1.炎熱天氣將一直持續(xù)到十月。2.這個公園一直延伸到河邊。3.我們把會議延長了十五分鐘。3.Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：Thereisconcern.第一個that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明concern。第二個that引導(dǎo)定語從句，限定theconstructioncompany4.Ilookedoutsideandthesmokewaschokingme.chokev.1)tobeunabletobreatheproperly(使)窒息，呼吸困難e.g.Hechokedonapieceofbread.Thesmokewaschokingme.2)tobeunabletotalkclearlybecauseyouarefeelingastrongemotion(因情緒激動)說不出話，(使)哽咽e.g.Iwastoochokedwithemotiontospeak.Hervoicewaschokedwithrage.5.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.investigatev.totrytofindoutthetruthaboutorthecauseofsomethingsuchasacrime,accident,orscientificproblem查明;調(diào)查;偵查e.g.Policeareinvestigatingthecauseofthefire.警方正在調(diào)查火災(zāi)原因。Iheardanoiseandwentdownstairstoinvestigate.我聽到有聲音，就下樓去查看?！菊Z境應(yīng)用】翻譯句子。1)Don’ttakeinformationonauthorityuntilyou’veinvestigatedityourself.2)Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaurs(魚龍)adaptedtotheproblemofdecompression(減壓)overthe150millionyears.investigatetotrytofindoutthetruthaboutsomethingsuchasacrime,accident,orscientificproblemlookintosth.(everydayEnglish)tofindoutmoreaboutaproblem,especiallyaftersomeonehasaskedyoutodothisexploretoconsiderordiscusssomething,inordertohelpyoudecidewhatyoushoulddo6.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?comeabout:tohappenorstarttohappen發(fā)生e.g.Howdiditcomeaboutthatthemanisdismissed？那個人被解雇了，怎么回事？comeout出來；出版；開花

comeacross(無意中)碰到，找到，想到cometo總共，涉及到comeon(表示鼓勵、催促等)快，走吧comeup走過來；走近comeupwith提出【語境應(yīng)用】單項選擇。1.Thebookisbeingprintedanditwillsoon_____.A.turnout

B.comeout

C.startout

D.goout2.—Haveyou_____somenewideas?—Yeah.I’lltellyoulater.A.comeabout

B.comeinto

C.comeupwith

D.comedownfrom3.It’salready10o’clock.Iwonderhowit_____thatshewaslateagain.

A.cameover

B.cameout

C.cameabout

D.cameup

4.—I’mdeadtired.Ican’tmoveanyfarther.—_____,Mary.Youcandoit!

A.Noproblem

B.Nohurry

C.Comeon

D.That’sOK5.Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat,butknowingsuchthingsisn’tmuchhelpwhenit_____shoppingandeating.A.refersto

B.speaksof

C.focuseson

D.comesto

7…theymaycontradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails.contradictvt.todisagreewithsomething,especiallybysayingthattheoppositeistrue反駁，駁斥；相矛盾e.g.Thewitnessstatementscontradicteachotherandthefactsremainunclear.目擊者的說法互相矛盾，真相依然未明。contradictoneself自相矛盾【同根詞】contradictionn.矛盾，不一致contradictoryadj.矛盾的，抵觸的8…thenumbersofdeathsdifferinthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.differvi.tobedifferentfromsomethinginsomeway不同于，不一樣，有區(qū)別e.g.AmericanEnglishdiffersfromBritishEnglishinseveralways.不同于Thetwosistersdifferintheirinterests.在……方面不同Thethreebrothersdifferabout/on/overpolitics.在某事上有分歧However,Idifferwiththemanwhoisspeaking.與某人有分歧【同根詞】differentadj.有差異的；與眾不同的；分別的differencen.差別，差異；意見分歧，不和【語境應(yīng)用】根據(jù)漢語意思，完成下列句子。1.

甚至同一棵樹的葉子也彼此不同。Eventheleavesofthesametree____________________.2.

關(guān)于撫養(yǎng)孩子的最佳方法人們看法不一。Opinions___________________thebestwayto__________________.3.

這兩組人的主要區(qū)別是年齡。The_____________________thetwogroupswasage.9Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句conclusionn.somethingyoudecideafterconsideringalltheinformationyouhave結(jié)論rushto/draw/reach/arriveattheconclusione.g.Wefinallydrewtheconclusionthatshewaslying.我們最終得出了她在說謊的結(jié)論。【同根詞】concludev.得出結(jié)論10Newsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofaneventcouldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfactsarebroughttolight.bring…tolight:tobecomeknown揭露，披露，揭發(fā)，常用于被動語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于cometolighte.g.Thisevidencedidnotcometolightuntilafterthetrial.這個證據(jù)直到審判后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。Themistakewasonlybroughttolightsomeyearslater.這個錯誤直到幾年后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。11.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelynewsmitv.1)tosaythatsbwilldefinitelydosthormustdosth使承擔(dān)義務(wù)，作出保證2)todosth.wrongorillegal犯(錯誤或罪行)3)todecidetousemoney,time,peopleetcforaparticularpurpose投入(錢、時間、人力等)becommittedto致力于commitoneself承擔(dān)義務(wù)；做出承諾；說出肯定的意見e.g.Meetingthemdoesn’tcommitustoanything.和他們會面并不表示我們會承諾什么。Theheadmasterhascommittedhimselftoimprovingtheschoolfacilities.校長承諾要改善學(xué)校設(shè)施。Hewassenttoprisonforacrimethathedidn’tcommit.他蒙冤入獄?！菊Z境應(yīng)用】根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成下面句子（每空一詞）。1.Whentakentothepolicestationforquestioning,themansaid,“Ihavenever________________________(犯任何罪).”2.Shehas________________________________________________________(答應(yīng)去診所)atonce.

ExtendedreadingInotherwords,ittriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice.persuadevt.tomakesomeonedecidetodosomething,bygivingthemreasonswhytheyshoulddoit;tomakesomeonebelievesomethingorfeelsureaboutsomething說服，使信服persuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.說服某人做某事persuadesb.outofdoingsth./nottodosth.說服某人不做某事persuadesb.that…使某人相信persuadesb.ofsth.讓某人相信某事persuasionn.說服，勸說；信仰egCanyoupersuade

Alice

outofherfoolishplan?ItriedtopersuadeRobinnottobuy/outofbuyingthatMP4,butfailed.Theypersuadedmethatthismedicinewasexcellentforcolds.Theytriedtopersuadeusofthetruthofthereport.Ifinallypersuadedhimtoenterthecompetition.=Ifinallypersuadedhimintoenteringthecompetition.Weneedasocietywhichwelcomespeople

of

all

persuasions.【語境應(yīng)用】使句子的意思相同或相近。1)Ipersuadedhimtogiveupplayingcomputergames.→I_________him________toplaycomputergamesanymore.→I__________him________________playingcomputergames.2)Icouldn’tpersuadedmyselfthathewashonest.→Icouldn’tpersuadedmyself________________________.2.IfanadvertisementisplacedonapopularwebsiteoronTVatpeaktimes,ahugenumberofpeoplewillknowabouttheproductorserviceitisadvertising.peakadj.usedtotalkaboutthebest,highest,orgreatestleveloramountofsomething最高度的，高峰時期的n.thesharplypointedtopofamountain;apartthatformsapointaboveasurfaceoratthetopofsomething山峰，高峰；尖端vi.toreachthehighestpointorlevel達(dá)到高峰，達(dá)到最高值egImightneedsomehelpinghandsduringthepeakseason.Heispasthispeakasaboxer.Thetrafficreachesapeakbetween5and6pm.Thecompany’sstockhitapeakofabout$23.Itisoneofthemostdifficult

peaks

toclimb.advertisevi.&vt.totellthepublicaboutaproductorserviceinordertopersuadethemtobuyit;tomakeanannouncementthatajobisavailable,aneventisgoingtohappenetc.;

toletpeopleknowsomethingaboutsomeoneorsomething做廣告，登廣告；公布，征聘；展現(xiàn)，宣傳advertisementn.廣告，啟事；廣告宣傳egTheynolongeradvertisealcoholatsportingevents.Wearecurrentlyadvertisingforanewsalesmanager.Fionaworks

in

advertising.ShesawanadvertisementforaskivacationinShenyang.3.Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreateadesiretobuy,thusboostingbusiness.awareof:younoticeit,especiallybecauseyoucansee,hear,feelorsmellit意識到；知道becomeawareof對……知道,明白;意識到beawarethat…察覺到、意識到makesb.awareofsth.使某人明白某事so/asfarasI’maware據(jù)我所知awarenessn.認(rèn)識，意識raiseone’sawareness提高某人的意識【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Thelittlegirl_________________havingdonewrong.這個小女孩兒沒有意識到自己做錯了事。2)Theysuddenly__________________peoplelookingatthem.他們突然意識到人們在看著他們。3)Officialshavetriedto

______________

abouthistory.官員們努力提高人們對歷史的認(rèn)識。4)你有沒有意識到已經(jīng)出了問題？(翻譯)Wereyouawarethatsomethingwaswrong?boostvt.

toincreaseorimprovesomethingandmakeitmoresuccessful使增長，使興旺n.somethingthatgivessomeonemoreconfidence,orthathelpssomethingincrease,improve,orbecomesuccessful增長，提高；幫助，激勵egWinningtheprizeboostedhisconfidence.Thenewresortareahasboostedtourism.Thewinboostedtheteam’sconfidence.辨析:apartfrom,inadditionto/besides,exceptapartfrom:除了……還：包括在內(nèi)時=besides；不包括在內(nèi)時=except(for)Apartfromtheending,it’sreallyagoodfilm.inadditionto/besides:除了……之外：強(qiáng)調(diào)還包括其他SheunderstandsFrenchbesides/inadditiontoEnglish.except:除了……之外：從整體中除去一部分，排除在外HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday.4.Basedonthepsychologybehindcreatingadesiretobuy,advertisershavedevelopedwaysofpersuadingpeopleintopurchasingtheirproductsorservices.purchasevt.tobuysomething買，購買n.somethingyoubuy,ortheactofbuyingit購買，采購；購買的東西、項目egTicketsmustbepurchasedtwoweeksinadvance.Wepurchasedthishousefromanelderlycouplelastmonth.Themiddle-agedmanspentmuchmoneyforthepurchaseofthenewhouse.【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Theyknowhowtosearchforworksofartandwhat___________(purchase).2)Thereareactionsyoutakebeforeandafter__________(purchase)theticket.3)Shepaidforherpurchasesandleft.(翻譯)5.Andwhatmessagedoesittrytogetacrossgetacross:tobeclearlyexpressedtoandunderstoodbysomeone被傳達(dá)，被理解；把……講清楚egIhadcreatedawaytogetmymessageacrosswhileusingasfewwordsaspossible.Heisnotverygoodatgettinghisideasacross.【拓展】get短語：geton/along相處融洽；進(jìn)展getdown寫下，記下getover克服；恢復(fù)，痊愈getawayfrom擺脫

getridof除掉，擺脫getthrough通過，到達(dá)，完成，接通電話getinto上（車），陷入（困境），習(xí)慣于getoutof離開，逃避，規(guī)避，拋棄（習(xí)慣）【語境應(yīng)用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。1)Itisnotaseriousillness,andshewillsoonget________it.2)Doyouget________wellwithyournewclassmates?3)Hewasfollowedbyagroupofreporterstryingtoget________everywordhesaid.4)Ihavetriedtogetmypoint________.5)IwillbewithyouassoonasIget________thiswork.6.Somefilmsarenowsponsoredbyleadingbrands…sponsorvt.贊助；主辦；為慈善活動捐款；資助n.apersonorcompanythatpaysforashow,eventetc.especiallyinexchangefortherighttoadvertiseatthatevent;someonewhogivesomeoneelsemoneyfora

charity贊助商；為慈善活動捐資的人egEvasaidshewasdoingaten-milewalkforcharityandaskedifI’dsponsorherfor$1amile.Allthemajortheatresnowhavesponsors,especiallyforhigh-costproductions.I’mcollectingsponsorsfornextweek’scharityrun.【語境應(yīng)用】翻譯句子。1)比賽的組織者在設(shè)法吸引贊助商。2)她找到一家愿意資助她讀完大學(xué)的公司。3)這些體育賽事是由同一家公司贊助的。Weabsorbthesemarketingmessageswithoutthinkin