化學(xué)化工專業(yè)英語元素和化合物命名

化學(xué)化工專業(yè)英語元素和化合物命名第1頁/共34頁InorganiccompoundsOxide:

CO(Carbonmonoxide)

NO

(Nitrogenoxide)NO2(Nitrogendioxide)

N2O3

(Nitrogentrioxide)N2O5

(pentoxide)

N2O(nitrousoxide)

Fe2O3

(Ferricoxide),FeO(Ferrousoxide);

MnO(Manganousoxide)Mn2O3(Manganicoxide),{H2MnO4(Manganicacid)}MnO2(Manganesedioxide),

第2頁/共34頁Halide:NH4Cl(AmmoniumChloride),CaF2(Calciumfluoride),

NaBr(Potassiumbromide),

KI(PotassiumIodide)

PCl3

(Phosphorustrichloride)

TheNameofCation+Halide第3頁/共34頁HCl

—(Hydrochloricacid);HF

—

(Hydrofluoricacid);H2S

—

(Hydrosulfuricacid);Acid:HCN

—

(Hydroacid)HBr

—(Hydroacid)（一）Non-oxygenacidHydro_______+acidExercise:第4頁/共34頁（二）Acidcontaining-oxygenH2SO4

（+6）Sulfuricacid(正)H2SO3

（+4）sulfurousacid;(亞)H2SO5Peroxysulfuric,（過）H2SO7

（+6）Pyrosulfuric,acid)(焦)H2S2O3

(Thiosulfuricacid）

e.g.Na2S2O3（硫代）-H2O-O-O--OS→O第5頁/共34頁HPO3

（偏）

(Metaphosphoric,)H3PO4(正)(Phosphoric,)H3PO3

（亞）(Phosphorous,)H3PO2

(次)(Hypo-phosphorous,)H4P2O7(焦)(Pyrophosphoric,)分子間-H2O分子內(nèi)-H2O-O-O+5+3+1

HNO3

(Nitricacid,+5);HNO2(Nitrousacid,+3)-O第6頁/共34頁H3BO3(Orthoboric,)(原);HClO

(Hypochlorousacid)(次)HClO3(Chloricacid)(正)HClO4(Perchloricacid)(高)KMnO4(Potassium_____manganate)HClO2(Chlorousacid)(亞)-O-O-O+5+7+3+1第7頁/共34頁Alkali:

Ba(OH)2

—

Bariumhydroxide

Al(OH)3

—

Aluminumhydroxide

NaOH

—SodiumhydroxideTheNameofCation+hydroxideExercise:1)NH4OH;2)Fe(OH)2;3)Fe(OH)3第8頁/共34頁Salt:NaCl

—Sodiumchloride;KBr

—Potassiumbromide;CaF2—CalciumfluorideZnS

—ZincsulfideNaCN

—SodiumcyanideCa2C—CalciumcarbideKI—

？第9頁/共34頁MgSO4

—Magnesiumsulfate;

Na2SO3

—Sodiumsulfite;

(NH4)2SO5

—ammoniumperoxysulfate;KNO3(Potassiumnitrate);NaNO2(Sodiumnitrite);Na3PO4(Sodiumphosphate);

K3PO3(Potassium

phosphite);Na2HPO4(Sodiumhydrogenphosphate);

NaH2PO4

(Sodiumbiphosphate);NaHCO3(Sodiumbicarbonate);

NaHSO3(Sodiumbisulfite);第10頁/共34頁Organiccompounds1.Hydrocarbona)SaturatedMethane

(C1);Ethane(C2);Propane(C3);Butane(C4);

Pentane(C5);Hexane(C6);Heptane(C7);Octane(C8);

Nonane(C9);Decane(C10);Undecane(C11);Dodecane(C12);

Tri+decane(C13);Tetra+decane(C14)……..Nona+decane(C19)CH4(Methane)-CH3(Methyl)C2H6(Ethane)-C2H5(Ethyl)第11頁/共34頁-C=C-C（Propenyl←

propene);C=C-C-(allyl);-C≡C(Ethynyl←

Ethyne);C=C-(Vinyl)b)Unsaturated

第12頁/共34頁2,4,5-trimethylheptane2,2-dimethylpropane4-methyl,5-isopropyloctane

or4-methyl,5-(2-methylethyl)octane第13頁/共34頁c)Aromatic

Cyclo-Octadecanecyclohexanecyclopenta-1,3-diene第14頁/共34頁第15頁/共34頁2.HalogenatedHydrocarbon第16頁/共34頁3.HydrocarbonContainingO*Asasubstitutedgroup,itiscalled“hydroxy”

e.g.Hydroxy-cellulose;7-hydroxy-choleterola)b)第17頁/共34頁*Asasubstitutedgroup,itiscalled“alkoxy

”c)第18頁/共34頁d)第19頁/共34頁e)Carboxylicacid第20頁/共34頁第21頁/共34頁f)

Carboxylicacidderivative第22頁/共34頁第23頁/共34頁第24頁/共34頁4.HydrocarbonConta