初中定語(yǔ)從句歸納11

初中定語(yǔ)從句歸納注意：1.要弄清楚概念:定語(yǔ)，從句，定語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧?/p>

2.掌握定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是模仿造句,會(huì)用之后再講語(yǔ)法就會(huì)容易明白。因此,本文中例句均要求每句至少仿寫三個(gè)句子。(一)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有who、whom、whose、that、which、as等;關(guān)系副詞有when、where、why等。它們具有三個(gè)功能:關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的作用：接主句和從句;

2.指代先行詞;3.

在從句中充當(dāng)一種成分。如:"ThisisthebookthatIwanttobuy."

"that"連接主句"Thisisthebook"和從句"Iwanttobuy",指代先行詞"book",并在從句中作"buy"的賓語(yǔ)。一、關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的選用:第一,取決于它指代的是人還是物,指代人時(shí)可用who、whom、that或as,指代物時(shí)用that、which或as;第二,取決于它在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?關(guān)系代詞在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如:1,who,whom,that詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，who作主語(yǔ)指人，whom作賓語(yǔ)指人，that既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在從句中所起作用如下：(1)Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）(2)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）（3）ThemanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher你剛剛說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師2,Whose用來(lái)指人或物(只用作定語(yǔ),若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換，指人的時(shí)候也可以用ofwhom代替）(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。(2)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecolor(thecolorofwhich)isgreen.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。(3)Themanwhosesonisadoctorisourprofessor.那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。3,which,that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，例如：(1)Prosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）(2)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）注意：代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。試比較：Themanwho/thatisstandingatthedoorismyEnglishteacher.站在門口的那個(gè)人是我的英語(yǔ)老師。(who/that在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))Themenwho/thatarestandingatthedooraremyteachers.站在門口的那些人是我的老師。二、"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間;當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用whom,其余用which,這時(shí)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略;有時(shí)為了使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞,也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面,這時(shí)的which可用that替換。當(dāng)介詞放在從句有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面時(shí),關(guān)系代詞which,that,whom在口語(yǔ)中和非正式文體中經(jīng)常省略。如:Thisistheroominwhichheusedtolive.=Thisistheroom(which/that)heusedtolivein.這是他過(guò)去居住過(guò)的房間。Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’stheman(that/whom)youjustshookhandswith?剛才你與他握手的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?但含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。如:Thisisthebook(which/that)I’mlookingfor.這就是我在找的那本書。在這類定語(yǔ)從句中,介詞的選擇一般根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的需要,如上述幾例,或者根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)決定。如:Thereisamountainofwhichthetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.有一座山頂總是覆蓋著雪的山。三、關(guān)于使用關(guān)系代詞的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明:1.指物的關(guān)系代詞that和which常可互換,但下列情況下通常用關(guān)系代詞that:1)當(dāng)先行詞是:all,none,much,little,everything,everybody,everyone,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。如:All(that)hesaidatthemeetingencouragedusgreatly.他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的一切,使我們受到很大的鼓舞。2)當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及thelast,thesame,theonly,thevery等修飾時(shí)。如:Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.這是我所看過(guò)影片中最好的一部。Thefirstarticle(that)LucywroteinChinesewasgood.露西用漢語(yǔ)寫的第一篇文章很好。3)先行詞中既含有"人"也含有"物"時(shí)。如:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)hehadvisited.他談起他所訪問(wèn)過(guò)的老師和學(xué)校。4)若含有疑問(wèn)代詞:who,which,what等時(shí),應(yīng)避免使用關(guān)系代詞who,which,而應(yīng)用that。如:Whothatknowshimwillbelievehim.認(rèn)識(shí)他的人會(huì)相信他。Whichofthetwocows(that)youkeepproducesmoremilk?你養(yǎng)的兩頭奶牛,哪頭產(chǎn)奶多?Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那女孩是誰(shuí)?

5)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。6）關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不用who,而用that。如:Heisnotthemanthathewas.他不是從前的他了。(從句中that是was的表語(yǔ))2.關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況:a.先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:

Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。(二)關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)四要素when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是定語(yǔ)從句重要內(nèi)容,也是高考重要考點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)這些定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):一、掌握when、where、why基本用法when、where、why是關(guān)系副詞,其基本用法如下表。關(guān)系副詞屬性在句中作用例句when表時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)IrememberthedayswhenIstayedthere.where表地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThisistheroomwhereIlostmypen.why表原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.二、熟悉易誤用when,where,why的場(chǎng)合若先行詞雖表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因,但在定語(yǔ)從句中不作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)而作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),屬于關(guān)系代詞范疇（應(yīng)認(rèn)真理解此話，不懂就問(wèn)?。?應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which,而不能用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例:Iregretthedays(that/which)Iwastedinthewoods.我后悔在森林里虛度的日子。(先行詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ))I’llneverforgettheyear1976which/thatwasfullofsadness.我不會(huì)忘記充滿悲哀的1976年。(先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ))Thatisthefactorythat/whichproducescars.那是生產(chǎn)小汽車的工廠。(先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ))Thatisthefactory(that/which)hevisitedyesterday.那是他昨天參觀的工廠。(先行詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ))練習(xí)（一）

I.單項(xiàng)填空。

1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.

A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom

2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone

3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it

4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?

A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.

A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.

A.thatB.itC.whichD.who

7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate

A.who’sB.whoseC.thatwhich.

8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.

A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was

9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who

10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.

A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein

Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,when,why,where填空。

1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.

2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.

3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.

4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.

5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?stillrememberthedayIfirstcametotheschool.7.Thetimewegottogetherfinallycame.tellmethereasonyoumissedtheplane.9.Idon’tknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.reasonherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,theyearhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.12.Anyonespitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.parentswillusealltheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.練習(xí)（二）

一．單項(xiàng)選擇定語(yǔ)從句的用法1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.which C.who D.whom5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.that C.which D./6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.That B.Who C.Theonewho D.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.was B.were C.is D.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.he13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoor B.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoor D.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who15.Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.A./,to B.that,/ C.where,to D.which,there16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.what B.which C.as D../17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthat B.when C.where D.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.where B.inthat C.that D.which19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.when B.where C.that D.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that B.when C.what D.onthat21.Thetime_____westudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.22.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.when B.that C.where D.inwhich23.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.which B.when C.where D.inwhich24.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.which B.where C.inwhich D.what25.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?A.that B.which C.where D.theone26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.what B.which C.that D.where二．在下列定語(yǔ)從句中，填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1.Thepencil________whichhewrotewasbroken.2.Hebuiltatelescope________whichhecouldstudytheskies.3.Thewoman,________whomIlearnedthenews,isanurse.4.Thewolf________whichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.5.Shehasthreechildren,all_______whomareatschool.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,________whichstandsourteacher.7.Myglasses,_______whichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’taperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.9.Iwassurprisedattheway________whichhetreatedtheoldman.10.Theage_______whichchildrencangotoschoolisseven.11.Hisbike________whichhewenttoworkwasstolenlastnight.12.Doyouknowthebuilding________whichisflyingaredflag?13.Oursisabeautifulschool,________whichweareproud.14.Thedesk________whichJackisleaningisJohn’s.15.Heboughtabookyesterday,theauthor________whichisateacher.

答案：CBCACABCCBThat,which,which,who,whom.關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1,who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，who作主語(yǔ)指人，whom作賓語(yǔ)指人，that既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在從句中所起作用如下：(1)Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）(2)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）（3）ThemanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher你剛剛說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師2,Whose用來(lái)指人或物(只用作定語(yǔ),若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換，指人的時(shí)候也可以用ofwhom代替）(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。(2)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecolor(thecolorofwhich)isgreen.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。(3)Themanwhosesonisadoctorisourprofessor.那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。3,which,that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，例如：(1)Prosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）(2)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）4,asas可以做主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不省略，指人或者物。常與suchas,thesameas等短語(yǔ)連用。5，as與which的區(qū)別①as可以放在句首，而which不行②as表示主觀，which表示客觀事實(shí)③as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame