原子物理學(xué)(褚圣麟)完整答案

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！原子物理學(xué)習(xí)題解答劉富義編臨沂師范學(xué)院物理系理論物理教研室第一章原子的基本狀況C'放射的，其動(dòng)能為7.68106Z79150bMvK2cot4b4b222ZeZe020Zectg79(1.6010)ctg21921502b3.9710152米K(48.8510)(7.681010)126190KMv2是12的12Ze21r(m)(1)4Mvsin202rmrm12Ze12r)()4Mvsinm220479(1.6010)1)sin75192910(197.68101.60106193.021014米118012ZeZe22MvKr24r4Kpmin0min0p79(1.6010)1929101.141013米9101.6010619r1.14101.5971071071.93210公斤/米903的4。ndndnNnN/mN/A0dndnnNtd'而散射角大于9002dn'Ntdn2cossinN1222t(()2d0)218090A4Mu23Au02cosdsin22Id2190故90sinsin3322dnN12Ze2'2t()()022nA4Au08.5108.51064001.59710米/秒的9078.51040。015）粒受。v,v',0,v'eMvMvmv''em1vvv'v''eMe1121'222'22em）vvv'e222'M2v2v(vv)2''vv2vv022''1（vv)0'2'vv0即。1.0510公斤/米22米處放一窗口面積為6.010米25。t'ot度'tt/sin60'dd與°ndn,Nnto而d圖1zed2d()(2)2）Mv2sin402dnn1zed2Nt()(2)2）Mv2sin402dds/L,tt/sin60t/3,2002'0''為單位面上的原子數(shù)，Nt/m(A/N)1N'0mAN0n2N1zed2()(2)20A432sin40210106900解12Mv2Ze/R3.7810焦耳2.3610電子伏特2230106F2Ze/RF2Zer/R322200F2Ze/R220D1MvK22v2K/M，所以，t/vDM/KtFdtppMv000ttFdt2Ze/Rdt2Ze/R而22220000Zet/RMv220v2Zet/RM220vtg2Zet/RMv2ZeD/RMvv22222002.4103tg2.4108.2。1903‘09000第二章原子的能級(jí)和輻射hpn2vnhhamama212116.5810赫茲va/ma6秒11wv/rv/a9.04610米/秒222221EEEE/n2i1n11ERhc()1iH2EV13.60iei11334ERhc()13.6010.20124iH22EV10.201e1解：把氫原子有基態(tài)激發(fā)到你11EhcR()hcR13.61nHH221E13.6(1)10.22112E13.6(1)12.13122E13.6(1)12.8432EEE123n4n3111R()R/3623HH2216565A111134R()R12HH2221215A21118R()R139H22H31025A3HLeihn2Z22ra,n1,2,30mZe122h220.52917710米，是氫原子的玻爾第一軌道半徑；a0me12Z,Z,Z；對(duì)于LiZ；rrrZ1Z13因此，玻爾第一軌道半徑之比是,HLiHZ2rZHHHLiemeZZ2242EE,n1,2,3(4)nhn212220me24E13.6電子伏特，是氫原子的基態(tài)能量。)h1220EZ024,0EZ2HHZ0E29Z20EHH22222EEEE21212114EE222221HEEH2113232EEEE212112129EE22221HEEH1211211~{1n1,2,3vZR()2n(n1),(n2)nn，2112221me24R(4)h230111R()H121H22111v12HeR()212122He1113R()Li212122Li11191,14HH11LiHeLiHe11vhcR()hcR12hv27R1/Mhv16R1/MMM,1/M1/M所以，HHeeHR1.096775810米R(shí)1.097074210米7171。HD111R()36/R，23HHH22H111R()36/R，23DDD22D3611()5RRHDHD1.79AA？111R()R12133Rm48221m81米2430AR310973731n時(shí)nnn111~vR[nn1)]n22nc11n1vRc[]Rcnn1)nnn2222nnn/n2/n2243當(dāng)v2Rc/n3n。nfnnvmvrP2Rcfnr2mr2mrn223vfnnnnLiRR~v。已知鋰原子電離成Li(10.5951)n0.0401)22LipLiRE(1(1122LiLiE3Z2EZR2R。23LiLiLiLiE設(shè)2EEEE213ZZBZBZFZZB0ZBZ0的BZ10LL為312原子的速度v5102d0.002LLv'21v。tgvL1S1S()）=2BLmZvZZfBvat,a,tL/vmmZBL1vZ1mZvBLLSLtgZ12mZv22ddBLLS'Z1222mZv2把SdBLLBL2Z12Z12mZvmZv22BLd(LL)1ZmZv21220.9310焦耳/特Zv10米/秒3毫米其共振光譜線強(qiáng)度減少到ABIIAN01NtABB。2IIANANNA1022NI1N1/3.32，2IN0NNe,tS/vAt，212NNe1/3.322At211vA(ln3.32ln1)ln3.32ts1s1.5103tAln3.3210ln3.3231.2510秒6第三章量子力學(xué)初步1A的Xh6.6310p6.6310千克米秒12410E/6.631010/101.98610焦耳。8?/meVm9.1110e1.6010庫侖h12.2512.25AA0.1225AV10000m1.6710e1.6010庫侖1034A32271912.25AV12.25(10.48910)A6VV/pKpKKmcpc22022KeVV)2pmeV220pmeV)/c220h1/pmeVeV10mc20eV/mc20heVh(1)(10.48910)6mcmeVmeV200012.25Ah/2meVVV012.25(10.48910)A6Vpdqnhpp2rpdmvrnhhSrnn,n1,2,3mvpnhpnhrrpmr,p2r(ppd)nh,nnnrr2(pdrp)mrdrmrd)而rdrdmrdtmrdt)2dtdt2mvdtmvdshdsdshrdsn為1x6米，動(dòng)量相對(duì)偏差為p/。hh根據(jù)測(cè)不準(zhǔn)原理，有pxp22xppph52xV0iAe(prEt)h）h2H2）m）hi2prEt)[(]2hmhddd2222iA((pxpp)E2hxyzmdx222p2Emp2EmpE0xV0{x0,xVV0EVE0d22(EV0）()dx2h()()2d22VE)22dx220(x)Ae,A是一任意常數(shù)x。1d22E22dx22(x)sin(x),B,是任意常數(shù)。2d22VE)22dx220(x)De,D是任意常數(shù)。x31d1d1d,ctg(x),,312dxdxdx123{(L)tg(L)212Lntg(/)1）nLtg()22Ltgn偶數(shù)，包括零{2Lctgn奇數(shù)2LL(Lctg2LL(Ltg2令Lu,Luvutg）2uvutg）2uv2uv2VL/h）2202m,abVV0V0,0xa;xV0,0yb;yV0,0zc;zV,xxaxV,yybyV,zzcz(x,y,z)2m222[EVVV)]02222222xyz(x,y,z)X(x(y(z)(x(y(z)1dXm1dYm1dZmm222(V)(V)(V)EXdx2hY2hZ2h2xyz2221dXmm2VEXdx2h22xx1dYmm2VEY2hhyy221dZmm2VEZ2h22zzEEEE,E,E,E皆為常數(shù)。xyzxyzdXm2(EV)X0）dx2hxx2(0)l)02nXsinxxaanh22En,n1,2,32x2xxn2Ysinyybbnh222En,n1,2,32ybyy2nZsinzzccnh22En,n1,2,32z2zzny8nxnz(x,y,z)sinsinsinyxzabcabcn2hn2n222E()yx2zmabc22abcny8nxnz(x,y,z)hsinsinsinyxzaaaa322En,nnnn222x2y2zma2第四章堿金屬原子67073519ALiVV1ceVh1hcV1.850伏特e1cceVhhhc11V(e)伏特。NaAA，AA，主線系的系限波長為,,,,pdfp5893A,p8193A,18459A,2413Adfp1~Tv4.14410米61SP11T2.44710米613PPp1TT1.22710米613D3pd1TT0.68510米614F3DfAAKK。,sp~7665A,2858,Tv1/pp4sPPRT4sR/T由設(shè)(4s)2Sk4S11RRs2.229,TK4PPPp4R/T1.7644PLiLi把nlnlEEn,l)ll1PS;3S2P;2PSPS。SSPPPSPSSPnSSS能2P1S22SPRhcZ)RhcaZ)13)n224E(22n3jZ)Z)1cE(2P)E(1S)h223/21/21hcE(2P)ES)1223/21/2cE(2P)E(1S)h221/21/22hcE(2P)E(1S)2221/21/221[E(2P)E(1S)]223/21/2[E(2P)ES)][E(2P)E(1S)]22223/21/21/21/216a2E(2P)Rhc2643/216a2E(2P)Rhc2641/24a2ES)Rhc241/221644811a48aR226464642R(4811a)(48a)225.3910米5.3910A3Na項(xiàng)的項(xiàng)值T1.227410米613DT1.227410米,R1.097410米16173DRn2.9901*T3DZ/n**RaZ2所以有：T米1nll1)3gNNe(E)/KT0NEEg0000原子數(shù)，ggK08943.5A,8521.1AII31212g2,g4。1212E/;E/1122ININNgg23EEe1211212I22gEEe1223g1TEETK122gKln2g1第五章多電子原子He12l1,l2,ss，1212Sssss;1212Lll,llll,121212S0,1;L3,2,1L1,S0,P11L1,S1,P30,1,2L2,S0,D12L2,S1,D31,2,3L3,S0,F13L3,S1,F32,3,4HD和3，epp1pp2s12D3L2,S1,l1,l212hpll1)2111pll1)6222PL(L1)6LPpp2pp222L1212L1(Ppp)/pp2L212223Ll1210646'L）12ss123ppss1)hh212PS1)hhS而Ppp2pp222Ss12s12s13(Ppp)/pp2S2s122ss127032'S鋅原子（121ll0,ss時(shí)，21212L0,S0,1SJL0,單重態(tài)S10S;J1,三重態(tài)S3155S4P,5S4P;1133011025S4P;5S4P333311014P4S11151，l0,l1,ss21212L1,S0,1SJL1,單重態(tài)P11S;J2,1,0,三重態(tài)P32,1,04P4S11，10l2l312.證SL5,4,3,2,1,S;JL5個(gè)L5個(gè)J即5S;JL1,L,LLLP;D;F;G;H333330,1,21,2,343,4,54,5,65375或22jlsjls;j或;j2212Jjj,jj,...jj121212jj1J257jjJ6,5,4,3,2,1221237jjJ5,4,3,2221255jjJ5,4,3,2,1,0221235jjJ4,3,2,1221257(,)37,(,)225535;(,)22;(,)22222,15,4,3,25,4,3,2,1,02,1所以，對(duì)于相同的組態(tài)無論是ml11m值是,22smmmm.為lslsMmLLliMDMLLM0D1M2M1,0,1,2SLLM0MSLM1,M0M0,M0LSLSDP13以M的LmmmmsiSL12ii1/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1-1-1-1-10-1*mMmmmmmmsiSliL2123ii1/21/21/21/21/21/2-1-13/23/2010*3/23/23/23/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/21/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1-1-1-1-1M0,M0SLSDPS1、3和1PP3S3pp3P02p2p2pmmslDPS2、2和44S。3/2l0,l1,ssS0,1;L11212S0,JL1S1,J2,1,052P1S2P2SP11P32，1，0111110102P2S2P2S2P2S3333330111213S3P3P3P1S3S101201CaJvvvvvv,vvv210110221v2。v1Ca4ssCas。向4ps41和P312,1,0S433P2,1,0vvv,vvv110221v1v2,v1J。2v2121Pb6p7sPbjj6p7s。112l1,l0;s,s21212jlsls3112j或;j221231jjJ2,1.221211jjJ02212Pb31311111（，，，）。222222222110J73）L3,S2）L3,SL3,S）22JLS,LSLSJ共1111111J6,5,4,3,2,1,7。22222221111J3,2,1,。2222第六章磁場(chǎng)中的原子4F3/2FJ3/23/232J121424egJP）mJ15P(J2J(J1)L(L1)S1)2(J62155g1按2e155m2155JBBPS1110~/v11'~vmgmg)2211PM1,0,1SLJ1；，112SM0S0,L0,J0.g1g，。10112~v/mc~v//。mcB0.4671.00特斯拉。eLi(3D2P)223/21/2133D2l2,S,j,223/23113M,,,2222j(jllss4g12j(j52112Pl2,S,j,2221/2112M,,g22312622222226v,,,,,)L303030303030~3D2P223/21/2M2D2P0.40AB是在。11~~v,v()/又2~v/L2L/mc4.140510米4140.5A7LA(1sdDs2pP)1及1217065.1A(1ssSs2pP)1310DL2,S0,J2,Mg11）。222PLS0,JMg11111~v1,0,1)L6678.1S能級(jí)：L0,S1,J1,M1,0,g231220PL1,S1,J0,M0,gMg0，對(duì)3001111~v(L7065.1Na3P3SA221/21/2A？111233P能級(jí)：LS,J,M,g22221/2221113S能級(jí)：L0,S,J,M,g222221/2114224~v(,,,)L33334~1v/L~2v()/2，34L0.54A235896.54Amax最短的波長5895.46A3P3S2PP3/21/213314P能級(jí)：ls,j,M,,g;2222233/21112P能級(jí)：l1,s,j,M,g;232221/2heEMgBmP,P,S,E,E,EPS,PS,2產(chǎn)設(shè)2222223/21/21/22103/21/21/21/22P,5889.96A,5895.93A。2121P,P,E,EEEEE發(fā)生分裂，223/22212211。ehBEEEEMgMg)m21121122(EE)EE)eBMgMg)2112hcmc112211MgMg)eBmc112221mc111()eMgMgB1122211Mg,Mg2311229Jv10米/秒3L0.03米L米12dB103。dy現(xiàn)3egPgJ(JJmJB(J25而3L2,S2,gD對(duì)5356.2110安米22JBfdBvat,a,tL/vymmdy1dBLvy1mdyvvAtg,mvN0vdBLLMgdBLL'LtgL1212yBvmdyvmdyv2222S'1.799103米L11LS=()12dBmdyvBM1,0M4時(shí)，偏離最大。把M4NdBL43S()0122Adyv2BS2.793dSS')9.1832P1/2112LS,J,g2P1/2223B由得Bv/hBv1.910秒1。98.4109gBg2B1s,jlsls2j(j1)llss1)2j(j1)g1又將gljsj(j1)(jsjs1)ss1)g122j(j1)js)js021當(dāng)s21j,j121211當(dāng)sj,j12234j,j,j2341jj2111jl22l0S212）的基態(tài)為SS2012SD032egPgJ(J1)JmJBSL0,S0,J0氬原子的基態(tài)為1：0J11SL0,S,J,g02：221J2134DL2,S,J,g02：2253J2465FSD6和9JZMgZBM和磁場(chǎng)方向相反，當(dāng)MZZJgJJZBF4F4。Jg:(J1)L(L1)S1)2g12(J1)5323255ZBBBS6:S6。ZBBD5:D9。Jg:(J1)L(L1)S1)3g12(J1)2342ZBBB第七章原子的殼層結(jié)構(gòu)次n2l1)。212210）2(201)222122(213）個(gè)Pdn,l,m,mlsnll,mm1,2,....,l;共有l(wèi)1m,mllls1212或l2l）2l2NaDs1.35,p0.86,0.01DRZ)2Z2明Na/*2。nn*n。ZZn)3119.1831.35S3119.630.86P3111030.01D(1)n,l,m;(2)n,l;(3)。112）n,l,mmm,m2sss2）n,ln,lml1mls相同的最大電子數(shù)為l1)nlnn）1Nl1)n20開d而填sd而不填s3D4S122與和4S3DEhcT224S3Dd而填s的224S3D3D4S2222d而不填s和ss2p226+2P+s3p23；s3p6。+2第八章X射線某XXXVe105ch而c6.63103108h0.124A101.60105Xn是，ndsinsinn22d和2)n。2nLddcos()dsinsin22Lndsinsinn22當(dāng)和sin;sin22222n;22)n即2X0Xdsinsinn2220',20'2)n2d由此，得：;)5.05An2KA1550'X的d。1.542A1550'ndsind2.825A2sinAX5KXch2.48103電KKRhcEZ)22Kn1,0,Z13E13Rhc13Rhc22K1691.097106.6310310782.3010電子伏特30.7A和的X米/米/公斤2.710公斤/米3和22和38.9310公斤/米3板作擋板，要0.7A3的X0.7A()米/公斤；()米/公斤，222.710公斤/米8.9310公斤/米3333I1I1000IIex0XIIex0I1exI10001xln100米/公斤2米/公斤2.710公斤/米1.3510米233311xln1003.4110米3米/公斤2米/公斤8.9310公斤/米4.46510米233411xln10010米4XKLMXXXXXRZ)RZ)n3224T()K4nn24nlJK殼1,n1,l0,J,K2113n2l0,J),(l1,J),(l1,J)L222n3LM,,11335l0,J),(l1,J),(l1,J),(l2,J),(l2,J)22222MNXXLLL）Lp2sIspnLIpspsL、XIIn3spL的IILIILXIIIXX8第九章分子結(jié)構(gòu)和光譜~HBv16.94厘米HB1rrHB和和。r~2vB2B）B/Ic2而）hhIr3.302米247~vc22Imm1(I)1.42米Hmm2H2925.78,2906.25,2865.09,2843.56,2821.49厘米－１。H和~v0和2906.252865.09和~v0~~v,vRP分R2R1~~~vvv。PPP3R~~vvBJ','1,2,R0P~~vvBJ','1,2,P0:~~vB）v)R10~~vvB）P10~~vvBP1R1:4~~vvB）)20~~vvB）20:~~vv10.2910.28B2B，210.28582h:I米472Bc2、(1~=~~~~vvvvv)2885.17厘米288517米11402R1P12ClHHClHClv0:~~vuvu11221K~mvCvfm~11112vCvf2m1K221m2mmHCl37mm1.002H3735mmHmmH35vhvEE21:1EE~v21hc11111uaub]uaub]}hc2222uuuuuuxx/a,/f/c;f是固有振動(dòng)頻率。1u)b22~~vuuu,u1,2,,3v,3~u1v，~vf而f/c））ggNE，NNei(E)/KTiii00NEg,gT00i0Ni2670A3430A和。v'v"v'vv;v"vv;0101vv01v'vvv111c11v'vv")()1.2410Hz22'''1Kv1而，mmmK(2v)m(2v)HF221mm1HFAA(2v)HF/米22N(AA)10HF第十章原子核H和nC111和061=MeV/2.E(Nmm)931.5MeVHAEAE01EZENmm)931.5MeVMeVAHnASie0.000548,H2.014102,n1.0086652110Si29.973786,H1.00782511E1E(m)931.58.520AA01H11n0Th1克粒RThTh1.410.NNet:0dtdN則衰變率dNdtN/成:dNdtNNet0t:）N0dNdNdtNdt'e4100,t1秒;N克,tNA00N6.0210,A232克,故'6.0210N126102320e）26102610Th1.410ee14112610/秒ln2T0.438秒1.4年Th1.410.,C,.設(shè)tCCC和,和,C0ln(/):tTCT為.0ln2(C)C推證:C;N(C)0;現(xiàn)(C)C(C)N(Ce:0t(C):;(C)N(C)CC,0所(C)0t0::tln01tlnln(/)T00ln210ZZ子間的庫侖排斥勢(shì)能將正比于2,e2ERRffREE6e2fR5R216e2f公斤.:5R20.Li(p,a)He算出7342的反應(yīng)能.有關(guān)同位素的質(zhì)量如,1.007825;He,4.002603;Li,7.015999.:114273:LipHeHe73114422Q[(mm)mm)]c20123[(7.01599913.007825