全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(二)真題及解析

2019年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）真題及解析

（江南博哥）

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答L20題

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweight

fluctuations.^,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomy

overallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking

onlyofj￡thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.Thatconflictedwith

howIneededtotrainto_5_mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6_ofthehardwork

andprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthto

noticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.The

most8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese9_,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme

to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve

and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining

program.

Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmy

trainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisis

a16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,

fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceIno

longercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,

notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothes

fitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1、［單選題］第（1）題選

A.Therefore

B.Otherwise

C.However

0.Besides

正確答案：C

參考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期稱重是一種了解體重波動(dòng)的好方法。空格

所在句指出：如果太頻繁，這種習(xí)慣的壞處要比好處多。前文wonderful

way（好方法）與后文hurt（損害）形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填入however（然而）。其他選

項(xiàng)：therefore（因此），otherwise（否則）和besides（此外）放在此處皆不符合語(yǔ)

境，故選C。

2、［單選題］第（2）題選

A.cares

B.warns

C.reduces

D.helps

正確答案：D

參考解析：空格所在句指出"thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethan

it."（這種習(xí)慣的壞處要比——多），應(yīng)該是helps（有幫助，有好處），

與前文hurt（損害）形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其他選項(xiàng)：cares（關(guān)心），warns（警告）,

（減少，致使）均不能與形成呼應(yīng)，故選

reduceshurtDo

3、［單選題］第（3）題選

A.solely

B.occasionally

C.formally

0.initially

正確答案：A

參考解析：空格所在句指出：至于我，每天稱自己的重量讓我把注意力從保持

健康和充足的體力轉(zhuǎn)移到_____體重秤上。填入solely（僅僅）,語(yǔ)義通順。另

外本句foeusingsolelyonthescale中的solely（僅僅）與本段后文thinking

的形成了同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選

onlyofthenumberonthescaleonlyAo

4、［單選題］第（4）題選

A.lowering

B.explaining

C.accepting

0.recording

正確答案：A

參考解析：空格所在句指出：我曾經(jīng)為了增加肌肉含量而增重，但后來(lái)只考慮

體重秤上的數(shù)字，我改變了我的訓(xùn)練方案。填入lowering（減少或降低）,

語(yǔ)義通順。另外，該句中有but,說(shuō)明前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。lower與前文gain

weight（增重）形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)，其他選項(xiàng)：explaining（解釋），accepting（接受）,

recording（記錄）均不符合文意，故選A。

5、［單選題］第（5）題選

A.set

B.review

C.reach

0.modify

正確答案：C

參考解析：空格所在句指出：這與我需要如何訓(xùn)練以目標(biāo)相沖突。此處

填入reach（達(dá)到）與goal（目標(biāo)）形成動(dòng)賓搭配，且語(yǔ)義通順。其他選項(xiàng)：set（設(shè)

定），modify（修改）雖然可以與goal搭配，但與文意不符；review（評(píng)論,溫

習(xí)）和不能形成搭配，故選

goalCo

6、［單選題］第（6）題選

A.depiction

B.distribution

C.prediction

□.definition

正確答案：A

參考解析：分析空格處所在句的句意：我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天稱體重并不能為我在健

身房所做的努力以及取得的進(jìn)步提供精確的o空格處所需的名詞需要

使句子完整通順。A項(xiàng)depiction（描寫，敘述）符合語(yǔ)義要求；B項(xiàng)

distribution（分布,分配）,C項(xiàng)prediction（預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè)）,D項(xiàng)definition（定

義）代入空格后，語(yǔ)義不通順，均排除，故選A。

7、［單選題］第（7）題選

A.regardlessof

B.asidefrom

C.alongwith

D.dueto

正確答案：D

參考解析：空格所在句的句意：需要大約三周到一個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)體重的顯

著變化改變了你的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃?？崭裉幩钊氲亩陶Z(yǔ)需要和前面句子構(gòu)成

因果的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,只有D項(xiàng)duet。（由于）符合要求;A項(xiàng)regardlessof（不管，

不顧）,B項(xiàng)asidefrom（除……以外;尚有...），C項(xiàng)alongwith（與一起,

連同）代入后，語(yǔ)義皆不通順，故選D。

8、［單選題］第（8）題選

A.rigid

B.precise

C.immediate

0.orderly

正確答案：C

參考解析：分析空格處所在句的句意：最的改變將會(huì)體現(xiàn)在技能水平、

力量和身高降低上。空格處所需的形容詞要和后面的changes構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義搭配，

并且符合語(yǔ)境。C項(xiàng)immediate（立即的，直接的）符合語(yǔ)義要求；A項(xiàng)rigid（嚴(yán)

格的），B項(xiàng)precise（精確的），D項(xiàng)orderly（有秩序的）代入空格后，語(yǔ)義不通順，

均排除，故選

co

9、［單選題］第（9）題選

A.judgments

B.reasons

C.methods

0.claims

正確答案：B

參考解析：空格所在句指出：由于這些_____（these指代上文提到的缺點(diǎn)），

我停止每天稱體重。"停止每天稱體重"與上面兩段的描述構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故只

有B項(xiàng)reasons（原因）符合要求；A項(xiàng)judgments（判斷），C項(xiàng)methods（方

法，方式），項(xiàng)（要求，索賠）代入后，語(yǔ)義不通順，故選

DclaimsBo

10、［單選題］第（10）題選

A.though

B.again

C.indeed

0.instead

正確答案：D

參考解析：空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因，我停止每天稱體重。

后半句話句意：轉(zhuǎn)而改為兩個(gè)月稱一次體重。switchedto"轉(zhuǎn)而……"與D項(xiàng)

instead對(duì)應(yīng)。D項(xiàng)instead代替反而）符合語(yǔ)義要求其他選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)though（雖

然，盡管），B項(xiàng)again（又，再一次），C項(xiàng)indeed（的確，實(shí)在）代入空格后，語(yǔ)

義不通順，均排除，故選

Do

11、［單選題］第（11）題選

A.track

B.overlook

C.conceal

0.report

正確答案：A

參考解析：空格所在句提到：Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal（因?yàn)闇p重不

是我的目的）,itislessimportantformetomyweighteachweek（對(duì)

我來(lái)說(shuō)，每周_____一我的體重不太重要）。空格處所填入的動(dòng)詞需要和后面的

賓語(yǔ)mvweight構(gòu)成通順的動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)義搭配。除此之外，本段的主題是稱重，因

此需要觀察、監(jiān)測(cè)或跟蹤體重的變化，只有A項(xiàng)track符合語(yǔ)義與主題要求，故

選A。

12、［單選題］第（12）題選

A.approveof

B.holdonto

C.accountfor

D.dependon

正確答案：C

參考解析：空格所在句提到：Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmeto

observeandanysignificantweightchanges（每隔一周稱次體重使我

能夠觀察及任何明顯的體重變化），空格處所填入的動(dòng)詞須和后面的賓語(yǔ)

weightchanges構(gòu)成通順的動(dòng)賓搭配;同時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞還和observe構(gòu)成并列關(guān)

系，并列的動(dòng)詞會(huì)存在動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生的特點(diǎn)（先觀察到體重變化.，再來(lái)了解或

解釋體重變化的原因），因此只有C項(xiàng)accountfor（解釋，了解）最恰當(dāng)。

13、［單選題］第（13）題選

A.share

B.adjust

C.confirm

0.prepare

正確答案：B

參考解析：空格所在處提到：ThattellsmewhetherIneedtomy

trainingprogram（那告訴我，我是否需要_____我的訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目）?？崭裉幩顒?dòng)

詞需要和后面的賓語(yǔ)trainingprogram構(gòu)成通順的動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)義搭配;除此之外，

that指代上文中"觀察并解釋體重變化"，此處應(yīng)該表明，"觀察并解釋體重變

化能讓我知道是否需要調(diào)整訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目"。因此B項(xiàng)adjust符合句意要求。

14、［單選題］第（14）題選

A.features

B.rules

C.tests

0.results

正確答案：D

參考解析：空格處所在句提到：Iusemybimonthlyweigh一intoget

infomationaboutmynutritionaswell.（我根據(jù)兩個(gè)月稱重一次的來(lái)

獲得關(guān)于我的營(yíng)養(yǎng)方面的信息），空格處所填名詞須和bimonthlyweigh—in構(gòu)

成通順的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，空格處上文提到“兩個(gè)月稱重一次可以觀察并解釋任何明顯

的體重變化"，因此空格處應(yīng)該表示"稱重結(jié)果"，D項(xiàng)results最符合句意要

求，故選D。

15、［單選題］第（15）題選

A.anxious

B.hungry

C.sick

D.bored

正確答案：B

參考解析：空格處提到：amconstantlyanddroppingweight,

thisisathatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.（如果我

持續(xù)以及體重下降，那么這是一個(gè)表明我需要增加日?？防飻z

入），根據(jù)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中主句的條件與結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系，空格處填入"hungry（饑

餓）"更符合語(yǔ)義要求,故選

Bo

16、［單選題］第（16）題選

A.secret

B.belief

C.sign

0.principle

正確答案：C

參考解析：空格之前的"this"指代前面if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句"如果我運(yùn)動(dòng)

量保持不變，但總是覺(jué)得餓并且體重下降"，空格后面that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句

"我需要增加每天卡路里的攝入"，根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)義，此空填sign"信號(hào)"最合理，

故選C。

17、［單選題］第（17）題選

A.necessity

B.decision

C.wish

0.request

正確答案：B

參考解析：空格后動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)"tostopweighingmyselfeveryday"

作空格處名詞的同位語(yǔ)，"停止每天稱體重這個(gè)"。分析選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)

necessity（必要性）,B項(xiàng)decision（決定）,C項(xiàng)wish（愿望）,D項(xiàng)request（要求）。

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義，此處填decision（決定）最合理，故選B。

18、［單選題］第（18）題選

A.surprising

B.restricting

C.consuming

□.disappointing

正確答案：D

參考解析：此空在of介詞短語(yǔ)中，修飾名詞"burden（負(fù)擔(dān)）"，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義色

彩，此處應(yīng)該填貶義詞。分析選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)surprising（令人驚喜的），B項(xiàng)

restricting（約束）,C項(xiàng)consumingC肖耗）。因此只有disappointing（令人失望

的）最合理，故選

Do

19、［單選題］第（19）題選

A.because

B.unless

C.until

D.if

正確答案：A

參考解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特征，看出本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，前半句話"I'vealso

experiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals"（我已

經(jīng)更成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了健身目標(biāo)）后半句"I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,

notthenumbersonascale."俄根據(jù)那些目標(biāo)來(lái)訓(xùn)練，而不是體重?cái)?shù)字。）

此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系，所以正確選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)because。止矽卜，本句話中的"also"

表明與前一句話之間的因果關(guān)系前一句話中的since也表示因果關(guān)系，故選A。

20、［單選題］第（20）題選

A.dominating

B.puzzling

C.triumphing

0.obsessing

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特征可知此空應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，通過(guò)上文可知，作

者對(duì)"thescale"一直持否定態(tài)度，因此，此空根據(jù)語(yǔ)義色彩排除dominating（統(tǒng)

治）和triumphing（勝利），而puzzlingover（仔細(xì)琢磨，冥思苦想），與上下文語(yǔ)

義不符。obsessing（困擾）最符合此處語(yǔ)義要求，故選D。

材料題

{Page}根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle

later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Children

aren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry";rather,theylearnovertimethatsuch

statementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and

theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,

intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.

"Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatrole

guiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityof

Virginia,acidingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren't

binary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.

Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportant

inequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage

humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelp

holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Some

kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore

guilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycan

substituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaflermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-prone

onessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympatheticto

theotherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays,"Wecanbeprosocial

becausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."

21、［單選題］Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseit

mayhelp.

A.fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B.regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C.improveachild'sintellectualability

D.intensifyachild'spositivefeelings

正確答案：A

參考解析：根據(jù)題干"Researchers","guilt","agoodthing"等關(guān)鍵

詞可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到"Thisiswhy

researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoral...agoodthing.”根據(jù)代詞

this指代前文的原則可知，題干所提的原因在上文，即"Childrenaren,t

bornknowinghowtosayTmsorryz;rather,theylearnovertimethat

suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirown

consciences.",其中的"suchstatementsappeaseparentsandmends

—andtheirownconsciences"（這樣的表達(dá)能安撫父母和朋友，也能讓他們自

己心安），指代句中出現(xiàn)的結(jié)合四個(gè)選

suchstatements"sayTmsorry"'o

項(xiàng)jegulateachild,sbasicemotions（管理孩子的基本情緒）,improveachild,

sintellectualability（提高孩子的智力）,intensifyachild'spositive

feelings（加強(qiáng)孩子的積極感受）在原文均沒(méi)有具體體現(xiàn)，排除B、C、D項(xiàng)。foster

achild'smoraldevelopment和appeaseparentsandfriends—andtheir

可以實(shí)現(xiàn)同義替換，故選

ownconsciencesAo

22、［單選題］Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguiltto

be.

A.inexcusable

B.deceptive

C.addictive

D.burdensome

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息"paragraph2"以及"manypeoplestill

considerguilttobe"可以定位至原文第二段第一、第二句"Inthepopular

imagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable--it,stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacket

weightedwithstones."（當(dāng)然，在大眾的看法中，愧疚仍然會(huì)得至懷好的評(píng)

論。這種感覺(jué)非常不舒服，就像穿著一件墜著石頭的夾克一樣。）結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，

inexcusable（不可原諒的）,deceptive（欺騙的），addictive（上癮的）,

burdensome（繁重的，負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的）。只有burdensome與原文表述意思最接近,

故選D。

23、［單選題］Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfroman

awarenessthat.

A.emotionsarecontext-independent

B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive

0.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

正確答案：B

參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"Vaishholdsthat..."可以定位至原文第二段

第四句"'Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking...canserve,'

saysAmrishaVaish…"既為Vaish的觀點(diǎn)，也是題干信息所在句。后面又提到

w...addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthat...in

another（這種復(fù)興是更大的認(rèn)識(shí)的一部分，即情緒不是二元情感，在一個(gè)情

境中有利的情緒,在另一個(gè)情境中可能是有害的。），結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，emotions

arecontext-independent（情緒與情境無(wú)關(guān)）與原文表述相反，排除A項(xiàng)。an

emotioncanplayopposingroles（情緒可以起到相反的作用）與原文中句子的

表述一致，符合題意，所以B項(xiàng)正確。emotionaresociallyconstructive（從社

會(huì)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，情緒具有積極性），emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth（情緒

穩(wěn)定有益于身體健康），原文中都沒(méi)有明確提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，排除c、D項(xiàng)。

24、［單選題］Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationand

sharing.

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

正確答案：B

參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"Maltiandothershaveshown"和

^cooperationandsharing"可以定位至原文第四段第三句"…Maltiand

othershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferent

pathwaystocooperationandsharing."（馬爾蒂和其他人已經(jīng)表明,內(nèi)疚和

同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途徑。）結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，mayhelpcorrect

emotionaldeficiencies（可能有助于改正感情缺陷）與原文第四段第二句話"…

thatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency”（內(nèi)疚可能會(huì)彌補(bǔ)

感情缺陷）不符，排除A項(xiàng)。canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt（要么歸

因于同情，要么歸因于內(nèi)疚）與原文表述一致，所以B項(xiàng)正確：canbringabout

emotionalsatisfaction（能夠帶來(lái)感情上的滿足），原文中沒(méi)有與之相關(guān)的信息,

排除C項(xiàng)。maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts（可能是沖動(dòng)行為的結(jié)果）

與第四段第四句"...whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses."（這可以控制

他們更糟糕的沖動(dòng)），屬于因果倒置，與原文內(nèi)容不符，排除D項(xiàng)。

25、［單選題］Theword"transgressions"isclosestinmeaningto.

A.teachings

B.discussions

C.restrictions

0.wrongdoings

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)題干要求定位到原文第五段第二句話"Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild,

soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegative

emotionsaftermoraltransgressions（她用照料者的評(píng)估和孩子們的自我

觀察對(duì)每一個(gè)孩子的整體同情水平以及他或她在道德上_____后感覺(jué)到消極的

傾向程度做了評(píng)價(jià)。）由句中的"tofeelnegativeemotions"可知

transgressions帶有消極貶義的情感色彩。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，teaching（教導(dǎo)）屬于

褒義詞，discussions（討論）屬于中性詞，restrictions（限制，束縛）屬于中性詞，

與原文的感情色彩均不符，排除A、B、C項(xiàng)。wrongdoings（壞事，不道德的事）

屬于貶義詞，與原文語(yǔ)義相符，故選

Do

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答26-30題

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.

Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxide

weproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitiestodoso.Theclimatechangeweare

hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey

absorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.

Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire

reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoes

onsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtand

insectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,

andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by

2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That's

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey've

focusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhave

theycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California's

plan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasa

model.

26、［單選題］Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges",theauthorimplies

that.

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

0.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"oneoftheharderchallenges"定位到原文

第一段。原文第一段第一句HForestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthe

harderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.”弓I出文章話題一

—在人類對(duì)抗氣候變化中，森林給我們帶來(lái)了一個(gè)更為艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。第二句提到

人類正威脅著森林吸收二氧化碳的能力，第三句緊接著提到人類所造成的氣候變

化問(wèn)題最終會(huì)使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳，而不是吸收，換言之，森林可能會(huì)

威脅到氣候和人類生存，故選D。

27、［單選題］Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneed

to.

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)題干信息"carbonsinks"可以定位到原文第二段。該段第一

句的前半句"thereisawayoutofthistrap"對(duì)應(yīng)題干中"Tomaintainforests

asvaluable'carbonsinks"'，后半句提出具體的解決方法"butitinvokes

strikingasubtlebalance"(但這需要達(dá)到一個(gè)微妙的平衡)，文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)

平衡是不同植被間的平衡，排除C項(xiàng)。緊接著第二句提到要達(dá)到這一目的可能需

要"reducingtheir(forestsz)capacitytoabsorbcarbonnow",即"降低

森林現(xiàn)在的吸收能力"，由此可知D項(xiàng)最符合題意。

28、［單選題］California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

0.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

正確答案：B

參考解析：｛Page｝根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"ForestCarbonPlan"可以定位至原文

第三段第一句話"Thestate7sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodouble

effortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.",

題干中的對(duì)應(yīng)句中（加倍努力做..

"endeavorsto""doubleeffortsto"）o

因止匕，答案在短語(yǔ)之后,即"thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsof

theforest"（使森林里部分小樹(shù)變稀疏，清理部分灌木）。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，只有B項(xiàng)

"reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests"（降低森林的密度）與原文表述一

致，故選

Bo

29、［單選題］WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph

5?

A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.

C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.

正確答案：A

參考解析：根據(jù)題目要求可以定位至原文第五段，題目中關(guān)鍵詞"essential"

對(duì)應(yīng)原文"soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor

drought"中的vital,其后的prioritize對(duì)應(yīng)A項(xiàng)中的"handle...first",areas

對(duì)應(yīng)項(xiàng)中的,故選

atgreatestriskA“theareasinseriousdanger"Ao

30、［單選題］Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbe

describedas.

A.ambiguous

B.tolerant

C.supportive

D.cautious

正確答案：C

參考解析：根據(jù)題干可確定此題是態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文最后一段最后一句

“California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernor

nextyear,shouldserveasamodel."可知，California的計(jì)劃應(yīng)該起到一

個(gè)榜樣的作用，并且model是一個(gè)帶有積極情感色彩的詞匯。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，

ambiguous（模糊的），tolerant（寬容的）,supportive（支持的），cautious（謹(jǐn)慎

的），只有最符合題意,故選

supportiveCo

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.

Givenamultiyeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupin

theU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof

immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagricultural

workersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithin

theindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,and

consumerswillbethelosers.

PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.

They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.

Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall

along:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisnottheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,

rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusing

theH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthe

visasrosesharply;from2011to2016,thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,

whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren'tgivenall

theworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.One

surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthe

job22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which

removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Petitioningeachyearforlaborersandhopingthegovernmentprovides

enough,andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorunabusiness.Ina2012survey

bytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percent

ofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave

respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliable

workforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.

AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansare

consumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrown

elsewhere.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwas

imported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreased

to25.8percent.

Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31、［單選題］Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwo

paragraphs?

A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

C.FlawsintheU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

0.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.

正確答案：C

參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"firsttwoparagraphs"可定位至原文前兩段。

前兩段大意為：美國(guó)針對(duì)外來(lái)農(nóng)民所定的移民規(guī)則中存在一定問(wèn)題，并指出如果

不及時(shí)解決，美國(guó)商業(yè)、社會(huì)及消費(fèi)者都會(huì)受到影響。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可以判斷C項(xiàng)正

確，其余選項(xiàng)均屬無(wú)中生有，排除、、項(xiàng)，故選

ABDCo

32、［單選題］OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.

A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers

C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers

D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)題干中信息"trouble","U.S.agriculturalworkforce"

可以定位至原文第三段第二句"Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,the

本段第三至

characteristicsoftheagricuturalworkforcearechanging."o

第七句都在論證第二句的內(nèi)容，其中第三句論證勞動(dòng)力的來(lái)源及其傾向，第五至

第七句論證勞動(dòng)力在老齡化，并指出"Andpickingcropsishardonolder

bodies."與選項(xiàng)D吻合。A項(xiàng)中的rising及illegal屬于無(wú)中生有，B項(xiàng)中的

highmobility與定位段中的“farmlaborsaremoreI汰elytobesettled

相矛盾，項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有,均排除，故選

ratherthanimmigrating"CDo

33、［單選題］Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.

farming?

A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

B.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.

C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

正確答案：B

參考解析:根據(jù)題干中的"much一arguedsolutiontothelaborshortage"

定位到第三段最后一句"Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortage

remainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswonz

tbereturningtothefarm,其中much—argued對(duì)應(yīng)原文"oft—debated",

solution對(duì)應(yīng)原文的"cure",冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容解釋了這個(gè)經(jīng)常被談?wù)摰姆椒ǎ?/p>

美國(guó)本國(guó)工人不會(huì)重返農(nóng)場(chǎng)。說(shuō)明本身的解決方法是讓美國(guó)本國(guó)工人回到農(nóng)場(chǎng)，

所以B項(xiàng)符合題干要求。attractyoungerlaborers在原文沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，只提及農(nóng)

場(chǎng)工人在老齡化，排除A項(xiàng)。原文第四段提到在高價(jià)值的農(nóng)作物上需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力，

在乳牛場(chǎng)機(jī)器人只做了一小部分工作，排除C項(xiàng)。原文未提到財(cái)政支持，排除D

項(xiàng)。

34、［單選題］Agricultural