UNDP：2021-2022年人類發(fā)展報(bào)告-不確定的時(shí)代不穩(wěn)定的生活-在瞬息萬(wàn)變的世界中塑造我們的未來(lái)（摘要）

REPORT2021/2022

OVERVIEW

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HUMANDEVELOPMENT

REPORT2021/2022

OVERVIEW

unsettledlives

Shapingourfutureinatransformingworld

Uncertaintimes,

HUMANDEVELOPMENTREPORT2021/2022

iiHUMANDEVELOPMENTREPORT2021/2022

Team

Directorandleadauthor

PedroConcei??o

Researchandstatistics

CeciliaCalderón,FernandaPavezEsbry,MoumitaGhorai,Yu-ChiehHsu,GhidaIsmail,ChristinaLengfelder,BrianLutz,TasneemMirza,Rehana

Mohammed,JosefinPasanen,SomKumarShrestha,HeribertoTapia,Carolina

RiveraVázquez,YukoYokoiandYanchunZhang

Production,digital,communications,operations

RezartaGodo,JonHall,SeockhwanBryceHwang,AdmirJahic,

FeJuarezShanahan,SarantuyaMend,AnaPorras,DharshaniSeneviratne,

CarolinaGivenSjolanderandMariumSoomro

FOREWORDiii

Foreword

Wearelivinginuncertaintimes.TheCovid-19pandemic,nowinitsthirdyear,continuestospinoffnewvariants.ThewarinUkrainereverberatesthroughouttheworld,causingimmensehumansuffering,includingacost-of-livingcrisis.Climateandecologicaldisastersthreatentheworlddaily.

Itisseductivelyeasytodiscountcrisesasone-offs,naturaltohopeforareturntonormal.Butdousingthelatestfireorbootingthelatestdemagoguewillbeanunwinnablegameofwhack-a-moleunlesswecometogripswiththefactthattheworldisfundamentallychanging.Thereisnogoingback.

Layersofuncertaintyarestackingupandinteractingtounsettleourlivesinunprecedentedways.Peoplehavefaceddiseases,warsandenvironmentaldisruptionsbefore.Buttheconfluenceofdestabilizingplanetarypressureswithgrow-inginequalities,sweepingsocietaltransformationstoeasethosepressuresandwidespreadpolarizationpresentnew,complex,interactingsourcesofuncertaintyfortheworldandeveryoneinit.

Thatisthenewnormal.Understandingandrespondingtoitarethegoalsofthe2021/2022HumanDevelopmentRe-port,UncertainTimes,UnsettledLives:ShapingourFutureinaTransformingWorld.ItcapsatrilogyofReportsbeginningwiththe2019Reportoninequalities,followedbythe2020ReportontherisksoftheAnthropocene—wherehumanshavebecomeamajorforcedrivingdangerousplanetarychange.

Thirty-twoyearsago,theveryfirstHumanDevelopmentReportdeclaredboldlythat“peoplearetherealwealthofnations.”ThatpowerfulrefrainhasguidedUNDPanditsHu-manDevelopmentReportseversince,withitsmessagesandmeaningstakingonricherhuesovertime.

Peoplearoundtheworldarenowtellingusthattheyfeelevermoreinsecure.UNDP’sSpecialReportonHumanSe-curity,launchedearlierthisyear,foundthatsixoutofsevenpeopleworldwidereportedfeelinginsecureaboutmanyaspectsoftheirlives,evenbeforetheCovid-19pandemic.

Isitanywonder,then,thatmanynationsarecreakingunderthestrainofpolarization,politicalextremismanddemagoguery—allsuperchargedbysocialmedia,artificialintelligenceandotherpowerfultechnologies?

Orthat,inastunningreversalfromjustadecadeago,democraticbackslidingamongcountrieshasbecomethenormratherthantheexception?

Orthat,inastunningfirst,theglobalHumanDevelopmentIndexvaluehasdeclinedfortwoyearsinarowinthewakeoftheCovid-19pandemic?

Peoplearetherealwealthofnations,mediatedthroughourrelationshipswithourgovernments,withournaturalen-vironments,witheachother.Eachnewcrisisremindsusthatwhenpeople’scapabilities,choicesandhopesforthefuturefeeldashed,thewellbeingoftheirnationsandtheplanetaretheaccompanyingcasualties.

Nowletusimaginethereverse:whatournations,ourplanet,wouldlooklikeifweexpandedhumandevelopment,includingpeople’sagencyandfreedoms.Thatwouldbeaworldwhereourcreativityisunleashedtoreimagineourfu-tures,torenewandadaptourinstitutions,tocraftnewstoriesaboutwhoweareandwhatwevalue.Itwouldbenotjustanice-to-have;itwouldbeamust-havewhentheworldisinongoing,unpredictableflux.

WegotaglimpseofwhatispossibleintheCovid-19pan-demic.Abatteryofnewvaccines,includingsomebasedonrevolutionarytechnology,savedanestimated20millionlivesinoneyear.Letthatsinkin,thatextraordinaryachievementintheannalsofhumankind.Equallyextraordinaryisthenum-berofunnecessaryliveslost,especiallyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,fromhighlyunequalvaccineaccess.Thepandemichasbeenapainfulreminderofhowbreakdownsintrustandincooperation,amongandwithinnations,foolishlyconstrainwhatwecanachievetogether.

Theheroandthevillainintoday’suncertaintystoryareoneinthesame:humanchoice.Itisfartooglibtoencour-agepeopletolookforsilverliningsortostatethattheglassishalffullratherthanhalfempty,fornotallchoicesarethesame.Some—arguablytheonesmostrelevanttothefateofourspecies—arepropelledbyinstitutionalandculturaliner-tia,generationsinthemaking.

Thisyear’sReportinvitesustotakeahardlookatossi-fiedandoversimplifiedassumptionsabouthumandecision-making.Institutionsassumeawaypeople’smessiness—ouremotions,ourbiases,oursenseofbelonging—atourperil.

Aswithitspredecessors,theReportalsochallengesconventionalnotionsof“progress,”whereself-defeatingtradeoffsarebeingmade.Gainsinsomeareas,asinyearsofschoolingorlifeexpectancy,donotcompensateforlossesinothers,asinpeople’ssenseofcontrolovertheirlives.Norcanweenjoymaterialwealthattheexpenseofplanetaryhealth.

ThisReportfirmlypositionshumandevelopmentnotjustasagoalbutasameanstoapathforwardinuncertaintimes,remindingusthatpeople—inallourcomplexity,ourdiversity,ourcreativity—aretherealwealthofnations.

AchimSteiner

Administrator

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

HUMANDEVELOPMENTREPORT2021/2022

Reyers,DanSmith,QixiangSun,Ilona

Acknowledgements

Weliveinaworldofworry:theongoingCovid-19pandemic,continuingregionalandlocalconflicts,record-breakingtemperatures,firesandstorms.Manyreportsdocumentthesechallengesandinitiativesandofferrecommendationsonhowtoaddressthem,butthisyear’sHu-manDevelopmentReportisaninvitationtotakeastepback.Manychallenges,ratherthanbeingseparate,maybetrou-blingmanifestationofanemerging,newuncertaintycomplexthatisunsettlinglivesaroundtheworld.The2019HumanDevelopmentReportexploredinequali-tiesinhumandevelopment,the2020HumanDevelopmentReportfocusedonhowthoseinequalitiesdriveandareexacerbatedbythedangerousplanetarychangeoftheAnthropocene,andthe

2022SpecialReportonHumanSecurityexaminedtheemergenceofnewformsofinsecurity.The2021/2022HumanDevelopmentReportunitesandextendsthesediscussionsunderthethemeofuncertainty—howitischanging,whatitmeansforhumandevelopmentandhowwecanthriveinthefaceofit.Thelinger-ingeffectsofthepandemicmadepre-paringtheReportchallenging,includingthroughdelaysinkeydataavailability.TheReportwasmadepossiblebecauseoftheencouragement,generosityandcontributionsofsomany,recognizedonlyimperfectlyandpartiallyintheseacknowledgments.

ThemembersofourAdvisoryBoard,ledbyMichèleLamontandTharmanShanmugaratnamasco-chairs,sup-portedusinmultipleandlongvirtualmeetings,providingextensiveadviceonfourversionsoflengthydrafts.TheothermembersoftheAdvisoryBoardwere

OluAjakaiye,KaushikBasu,DianeCoyle,

OeindrilaDube,CaiFang,MarcFleur-

baey,AmadouHott,RaviKanbur,Ha-riniNagendra,ThomasPiketty,Belinda

SzabódeCarvalho,KrushilWateneand

HelgaWeisz.

ComplementingtheadvicefromourAdvisoryBoard,theReport’sStatisticalAdvisoryPanelprovidedguidanceonseveralmethodologicalanddataaspectsoftheReport—inparticularthoserelatedtocalculatingtheReport’shumandevel-opmentindices.Wearegratefultoallthepanelmembers:MarioBiggeri,Camilo

Ceita,LudgardeCoppens,KoenDecan-cq,MarieHaldorson,JasonHickel,SteveMacfeely,MohdUzirMahidin,Silvia

Montoya,ShantanuMukherjee,Michaela

Saisana,HanyTorkyandDanyWazen.Wearethankfulforespeciallyclose

collaborationswithourpartners:the

CUNYAdvancedScienceResearchCen-

ter,includingAnthonyD.Cak,PamelaGreenandCharlesV?r?smarty;thepart-nershipbetweentheGermanInstituteofDevelopmentandSustainability&V-DemInstitute,UniversityofGothenburg,includingFrancescoBurchi,Charlotte

Fiedler,JeanLachapelle,JuliaLeininger,

StaffanI.Lindberg,Svend-ErikSkan-

ningandArminVonSchiller;theGlobalPolicyLaboratoryattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,includingSolomon

Hsiang,JonathanProctor,LukeSher-

manandJeanetteTseng;theInstituteforEconomicsandPeace,includingAndrew

Etchell,DavidHammond,StevenKillelea

andPauloPinto;thePeaceResearchInstituteOslo,includingSiriAasRustad,AndrewArasmithandGudrun?stby;the

StockholmInternationalPeaceResearch

Institute,includingRichardBlack,ClaireMcAllisterandJürgStaudenmann;theStockholmResilienceCentre,including

DavidCollste,BeatriceCrona,Victor

GalazandLouiseH?rdafSegerstad;andtheWorldInequalityLab,includingLucasChancel,AmoryGethinandClara

Martinez-Toledano.

Appreciationisalsoextendedforallthedata,writteninputsandpeerreviewsofdraftchapterstotheReport,includ-ingthosebySaleemH.Ali,Elisabeth

Anderson,JosephBak-Coleman,SajithaBashir,MarcBellis,ReinetteBiggs,CarlBruch,SarahBurch,AndrewCrabtree,DagomarDegroot,MichaelDrinkwater,KendraDupuy,ErleC.Ellis,AbeerElsh-

ennawy,BenjaminEnke,AnnFlorini,Ri-

cardoFuentesNieva,RachelGisselquist,

NicoleHassoun,TatianaKarabchuk,Pat-

rickKeys,ErikaKraemer-Mbula,Gordon

LaForge,YongSookLee,LauraLopes,CrickLund,JulianaMartinezFranzoni,JenniferMcCoy,John-AndrewMcNeish,FrancesMewsigye,DinshaMistree,TobyOrd,LászlóPintér,TauhidurRahman,ReaganRedd,IngridRobeyns,MichaelRoll,H?konS?len,DiegoSanchez-Ancochea,RebeccaSarku,SunilSharma,LandrySigné,RaimundoSoto,Casper

Sylvest,JuliaThomas,RensVanMunster

andStacyVanDeveer.

Severalconsultationswiththematicandregionalexpertsandnumerousinformalconsultationswithmanyindi-vidualswithoutaformaladvisoryrolewereheldintheprocessofpreparingthisyear’sReport.Wearegratefulforinputsduringtheseconsultationsfrom

KhalidAbu-Ismail,AdeniranAdedeji,RaviAgarwal,FatenAggad,AnnetteAlstadsaeter,MariaLauraAlzua,Reza

Anglingkusumo,RagnheiourElinárna-dóttir,JaiAsundi,JosephAtta-Mensah,

VivienneBadaan,HeidiBade,Faisal

Bari,AmieBishop,RobertBissio,Bam-

bangP.S.Brodjonegoro,Vural?ak?r,

AlvaroCalix,DiegoChaves,HikerChiu,AfraChowdhury,ShomyChowdhury,ZhangChuanhong,TanyaCox,Ann-

SophieCrépin,AlexusD’Marco,Cedric

deConing,AndredeMello,Rafaeldel

VillarAlrich,RonDembo,PatrickDe-

veltere,BDiwan,IbrahimElbadawi,

ivHUMANDEVELOPMENTREPORT2021/2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSv

TheHumanDevelopmentReportOf-

NisreenElsaim,HarrisEyre,RyanFigueiredo,AlexandraFong,CarlosGarcia,PabloGarron,SherineGhoneim,JuanCarlosGomez,VasuGounden,CarolGraham,ThomasGreminger,RenzoR.Guinto,JannisGustke,OliHenman,Bj?rnH?yland,WilliamHynes,

IpekIlkaracan,ZubairIqbalGhori,An-

dreyIvanov,LysaJohn,MelanieJudge,

NaderKabbani,SherifKamel,JohnKay,NadineKhaouli,AlanKirman,AtifKubursi,GeertLaporte,OliviaLazard,SantiagoLevy,YuefenLi,Kwai-CheungLo,HafsaMahboubMaalim,KeletsoMakofane,HeghineManasyan,HalvorMehlum,ClaireMelamed,EmelMemis,

JunaMiluka,RomanMogilevskii,H?r-vardMokleivNyg?rd,WevynMuganda,

FelipeMu?oz,KeisukeNansai,NjugunaNdung’u,KathleenNewland,Helga

Nowotny,JoséAntonioOcampo,Ma-rinaPonti,TazeenQureshi,KrishnaRavi

Srinivas,JoseFelixRodriguez,MichaelRoll,HeidyRombouts,MarcelaRomero,

SofianeSahraoui,DjavadSalehi-Esfah-

ani,SwetaSaxena,OuedraogoSayou-ba,AndrewSeele,JoelSimpson,Prathit

Singh,KarimaBounemraBenSoltane,EduardoStein,StephanieSteinmetz,RiadSultan,MitziJonelleTan,DanieleTaurino,JuliaThomas,LauraThomp-son,JoThoriLind,AnnaTsing,Ingunn

TysseNakkim,KhalidUmar,B?rdVeg-ardSolhjell,BiancaVidalBustos,Tanja

Winther,JustinYifuLin,JorgeZequeira,

MichelZhouandAndrewZolli.

Wewouldalsoliketothankallthosewhopresentedinourseminarseries:

IngvlidAlm?s,SimonAnholt,ChrisBlatt-man,CarolinaDelgado,AlexanderDill,PaminaFirchow,AleksandrGevorkyan,SharathGuntuku,JamesJasper,ShreyaJha,PriyadarshaniJoshi,RoudabehKishi,AnirudhKrishna,PushpamKumar,

JaneMuthumbi,BrianO’Callaghanand

SarahWhite.

Furthersupportwasalsoextendedbyotherstoonumeroustomentionhere.Consultationsarelistedat

https://hdr

.

/towards-hdr-2022

.Contribu-tions,supportandassistancefrommanycolleaguesacrosstheUNfamilyisgrate-fullyacknowledged.TheyincludeShamsBanihani,NaveedaNazirandXiaojunGraceWangoftheUnitedNationsOfficeforSouth-SouthCooperationandMarenJimenez,JonathanPerryandMartaRoigoftheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs.AllUNDPregionalandcentralbureausandcountryofficesarealsoacknowledgedwithmuchgratitude.

ColleaguesinUNDPprovidedadviceandinputs.WearegratefultoAparna

Basnyat,LudoBok,CamillaBruckner,

FarahChoucair,MandeepDhaliwal,Al-

mudenaFernandez,ArvinnGadgil,Irene

Garcia,BoyanKonstantinov,AarathiKrishnan,AnjaliKwatra,JeroenLaporte,SarahLister,LuisFelipeLopezCalva,DylanLowthian,GuillerminaMartin,UlrikaModeer,ShivaniNayyar,MansourNdiaye,CamilaOlate,AnnaOrtubia,

AlejandroPacheco,PaolaPagliani,Mi-

hailPeleah,NoellaRichard,IsabelSaint

Malo,BenSlay,MirjanaSpoljaricEgger,MariaStage,AncaStoica,LudmilaTiga-

nu,BishwaTiwari,AlexandraWide,Kanni

WignajaraandLesleyWright.

Wewerefortunatetohavethesupportoftalentedinternsandfactcheckers—

DayanaBenny,AllisonBostrom,Parth

Chawla,MaximillianFeichtner,Ben-

jaminFields,JeremyMarand,Patricia

Nogueira,ThembaNyasulu,NazifaRafa,StephenSepaniak,ZahraaShabana,

ChinShianLee,AnupamaShroff,Yuqing

WangandIYounanAn.

ficealsoextendsitssinceregratitudetotheRepublicofKoreaaswellastheGovernmentsofJapan,PortugalandSwedenfortheirfinancialcontributions.Theirongoingsupportismuchappreci-atedandremainsessential.

Wearegratefulforthehighlyprofes-sionalworkofoureditorsandlayoutartistsatCommunicationsDevelopmentIncorporated—ledbyBruceRoss-LarsonwithJoeCaponio,MetadeCoquereau-mont,MikeCrumplar,ChristopherTrottandElaineWilson.Bruce,inparticular,hasbeenaconstantsourceofsoundadvice,inspirationand,notinfrequently,motivation.

Asalways,weareextremelygratefultoUNDPAdministratorAchimSteiner.Facingthedemandsofleadinganorga-nizationduringunprecedentedtimes,healwaysfoundtimetogiveprobingadviceandtoprovideencouragement.Hehasconsistentlygiventheteamthefreedomtoexploreandtoventurebeyondwell-troddenpaths.Atatimewhenexpandingfreedomsisessentialtonavigateuncer-tainties,wehopetohavemadegooduseofthatincredibletrustandcommitmenttotheeditorialindependenceofevery

HumanDevelopmentReport.

PedroConcei??o

Director

HumanDevelopmentReportOffice

Contentsofthe2021/2022HumanDevelopmentReport

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Overview:Uncertaintimes,unsettledlives

PARTI

Uncertaintimes,unsettledlives

CHAPTER1

Anewuncertaintycomplex

Aworldofworryinuncertaintimes

Risinginsecurityamidunprecedentedmaterialprosperity—forsome

UncertaintydrivenbydangerousplanetarychangeintheAnthropocene

Uncertaintyemergesfromcomplextransitionstoeaseplanetarypressures

Uncertaintypropelledbypolarization:Delayingaction,addingconflict

Andnowforsomethingcompletelydifferent:Novelandlayereddriversofuncertainty

CHAPTER2

Unsettledmindsinuncertaintimes:

Mentaldistress—anobstacletohumandevelopment

Howmentaldistressconstrainshumandevelopment

Unsettledmindsamidmultidimensionaluncertainties

Humandevelopmentinuncertaintimes

CHAPTER3

Harnessinghumandevelopmenttonavigateuncertaintimes

Enhancinghumandevelopmentinuncertaintimes:Theend,butalsothemeans,tonavigateuncertainty

Wideningthevistaofhumanbehaviour

Behaviouralandinstitutionalchange:Mobilizinghumandevelopmenttowardsahopefulfuture

PARTII

Shapingourfutureinatransformingworld

CHAPTER4

What’sstandinginthewayofouractingtogether?

Uncertaintimes,dividedsocieties

Polarizationharmspublicdeliberationinuncertaintimes

Breakingtheholdofuncertaintyoncollectiveaction

CHAPTER5

Advancinghumandevelopmentinuncertaintimes

Technologicalinnovationopensnewpossibilities

TheCovid-19pandemic:Awindowintoanewreality

CHAPTER6

Chartingpathstotransformation:

Navigatinguncertaintytoexpandhumandevelopment

Aframeworktoembraceuncertainty

Investment,insuranceandinnovationtowardscontinuallyexpandinghumandevelopment

Drawingfromculturalchange

Wherewegofromhereisourchoice

Notes

References

BOXES

S1.6.1

Haiti’ssystemicshock

2.2

Potentialoftelehealthforincreasingaccesstomentalhealthcare

2.3

Neighbourhoodviolenceisbad,butuncertaintyarounditcanmakeit

evenworse

2.4

Tacklingmentaldistressatthecommunitylevel

4.1

TheIndexofPerceivedHumanInsecurity

4.2

ProgresswithpolarizationintheglobalPositivePeaceIndex

4.3

Advancesindigitalcommunicationsriskdestabilizingsocieties

5.1

TheCovid-19pandemicasanopportunity?Acallforacontextualapproach

6.1

Governanceforsystemicandtransformationalchange

6.2

Theheightenedimportanceofexpandingandinnovatinginsocialprotection

6.3

Navigatinguncertainty—thehumanrightsanchor

6.4

AugmentingtheresolutionoftheHumanDevelopmentIndexvaluesusingsatelliteimageryandartificialintelligence

S6.7.1

TheGenderSocialNormsIndex—measuringbiases,prejudicesandbeliefs

FIGURES

1

Anewuncertaintycomplexisemerging

2

TheglobalHumanDevelopmentIndexvaluehasdeclinedtwoyearsinarow,erasingthegainsoftheprecedingfiveyears

3Countries’accesstoCovid-19vaccinesremainshighlyinequal4Politicalpolarizationisontheriseacrosstheworld

5Negativeviewsabouttheworldsurgestounprecedentedhighs

CONTENTSOFTHE2021/2022HUMANDEVELOPMENTREPORTvii

6

Perceivedhumaninsecurityisincreasinginmostcountries—eveninsomeveryhighHumanDevelopmentIndexcountries

7

RecentdeclinesontheHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)arewidespread,withover90percentofcountriesenduringadeclinein

2020or2021

8

AlmostallcountriessawreversalsinhumandevelopmentinthefirstyearoftheCovid-19pandemic,mostlow,mediumandhighHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)countriessawcontinueddeclinesinthesecondyear

9

Thereismuchmorescopeforartificialintelligencetoaugmenthumanactivitythantoautomateexistingtasks

10

Makingpeoplemoresecurethoughinvestment,insuranceandinnovation

1.1

AdropinglobalHumanDevelopmentIndexvaluetwoyearsinarowforthefirsttimeonrecord

1.2

DropsinHumanDevelopmentIndexvalueswerewidespreadduringtheCovid-19pandemic,withover90percentofcountriessufferingadeclineineither2020or2021

1.3

WhilemostveryhighHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)countriesdidnotsufferdeclinesontheHDIin2021,themajorityofcountriesinlowandmediumHDIandhighHDIcountriesdid

1.4

Negativeviewsabouttheworldandthefuturehavesurgedtounprecedentedhighs

1.5

Perceivedinsecurityisontheriseinmostcountries,eveninsomeveryhighHumanDevelopmentIndexcountries

1.6

Negativeaffectisincreasingforeveryone,withpersistentinequalitiesbetweengroups

1.7

Stressishighandrising,independentofeducation

1.8

Thewiderangeofpossiblefuturewarmingdependsonourchoices

1.9

Transformingourworldtoadvancehumandevelopmentwhileeasingplanetarypressures

1.10

Energytransitionstowardsrenewablescanunfoldindifferentwaysfordifferentsectors

1.11

Theenergytransitiondemandsmineralsandmaterialsthataddtoplanetarypressures

1.12

Anthropogenicmassnowexceedstheworld’stotallivingbiomass

1.13

Politicalpolarizationisontheriseacrosstheworld

S1.1.1

Thefivepathwaystoresilience

S1.3.1

Humanity’ssurvivalcurvecandropdownduringperiodsofriskbutcanneverclimbbackup

2.1

Mentaldistressconstrainsfreedomtoachieve,choicesandachievements

2.2

Connectingmentalandphysicalhealth

2.3

IntheUnitedKingdommentaldistressismostprevalentamongfemaleminoritygroups,butmentaldistressamongmaleminoritygroupsincreasedmostduringtheCovid-19pandemic

2.4

Thecircularandintergenerationalrelationbetweeneconomicinsecurityandmentaldistresscanperpetuateeconomicinequalityacrossgenerations

2.5

Digitalizationisadouble-edgedswordformentalwellbeing

2.6

Intimatepartnerviolenceincreaseswitheconomicdependence

2.7

Increasesinpoliticalviolencehavemeantmoreuncertaintyformanypeople

2.8

Highlevelsofmentaldistressamongyoungpeoplewhoidentifyaslesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,intersexorothersexualminority(LGBTQI+)

2.9

Humandevelopmentamidmultidimensionaluncertainties

S2.1.1Globalprevalenceofselectedmentaldisorders,2019

3.1

Behaviouralchangeandinstitutionalreformaremutuallydependent

3.2

Peopleareexperiencingmoresadness

3.3

TheGreatReversalfromrationalitytosentimentinfact-basedargument

3.4

Youngergenerationswillbefourtoseventimesmoreexposedtoheatwavesintheirlifetimesthanoldergenerations

3.5

Individualandcollectiveresponsestouncertaintycandriveuncertaintyloops

S3.6.1

Peoplehaveapronouncedtendencytomakedecisionsthatlookasiftheyimplicitlytreatallprobabilitiestosomedegreealike

S3.6.2

Highercognitiveuncertaintyisstronglyassociatedwithgr