2023版高考英語大一輪復習Unit4Globalwarming復習練案新人教版選修6

PAGEPAGE6Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.閱讀理解A(2022·上海)eq\x(導學號42492627)Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth'schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2022to2022.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2022.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.——3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.——2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.——1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.——0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.——0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.文章大意：本文介紹了人們一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放，并設(shè)立了到2100年我們應(yīng)該達成的目標以及達成目標要符合的條件。1．Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that__D__.A．theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2022B．gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC．theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD．humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段三至六句“Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997，theKyoto...stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.〞可知自從20世紀早期開始人類就一直在努力減少溫室氣體的排放，希望能減緩全球變暖的趨勢。故D項正確。2．IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100？__D__A．Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.B．Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C．Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D．TheAgreement'sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions；可知如果各國的氣體排放能夠符合巴黎協(xié)議的要求，到2100年氣溫會比現(xiàn)在高三度。而根據(jù)第三段Tomeetthisminimumgoal可知最小的目標是上升兩度。也就是說即使各國的氣體排放能夠符合巴黎協(xié)議的要求，也達不到最小的目標。故D正確。3．Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe__B__.A．0.8℃ B．1.5℃C．2℃ D．3.5℃解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.可知，對于那些低海拔的國家來說上升1.5度，就可以防止他們被淹沒。故B正確。B(2022·深圳一調(diào))eq\x(導學號42492628)Anabsolutedescriptionofthethreathangingovertheworld'smammals,reptiles,amphibians(哺乳、爬行、兩棲動物)andotherlifeformshasbeenpublishedbythewell-knownscientificjournal,Nature.Aspecialanalysiscarriedoutbythejournalindicatesthatanastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmammalspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened.Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandclosetoextinction,includingtheSumatranelephant,Amurleopardandmountaingorilla.Butalsoindangerofvanishingfromthewild,itnowappears,areanimalsthatarecurrentlyratedasmerelybeingendangered.Ineachcase,thefingerofblamepointsdirectlyathumanactivities.Thecontinuingspreadofagricultureisdestroyingmillionsofhectaresofwildhabitats(棲息地)everyyear,leavinganimalswithouthomes,whiletheintroductionofnewly-comespecies,oftenhelpedbyhumans,isalsodamagingnativepopulations.Atthesametime,pollutionandoverfishingaredestroyingoceanecosystems.“Habitatdestruction,pollutionoroverfishingeitherkillsoffwildcreaturesandplantsorleavesthembadlyweakened，〞saidDerekTittensor,anoceanecologistattheWorldConservationMonitoringCentreinCambridge.“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades,theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommonandcouldthenkilloffthesesurvivors.〞Theproblem,accordingtoNature,isworsenedbecauseofthehugegapsinscientists'knowledgeabouttheplanet'sbiodiversity.Evaluationsofthetotalnumberofspeciesofanimalsandplantsalivevaryfrom2millionto50million.Inaddition,evaluationsofcurrentratesofspecies'disappearancesvaryfrom500to36,000ayear.“Thatistherealproblemweface，〞addedTittensor.“Thescaleofuncertaintyishuge.〞Intheend,however,thedataindicatethattheworldisheadingcruellytowardsamassextinction—whichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore.Thiscouldarriveinlessthanahundredyearsorcouldtakeathousand,dependingonextinctionrates.文章大意：這是一篇科普文。世界著名科學雜志?自然?作了一個特別分析，用一些驚人的數(shù)據(jù)說明世界上一些動植物正面臨滅絕，同時指出，造成滅絕的直接原因是人類的破壞活動。4．What'sthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs？__C__A．Figuresaboutsomewildanimalsareastonishing.B．“Nature〞isthefamousjournalaroundtheworld.C．Manyendangeredspeciesareclosetoextinction.D．Somerarespecieshaveappearedaroundtheworld.解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“anastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmammalspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened〞以及第二段中的“Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandclosetoextinction〞可知，許多動物面臨滅絕的困境。故答案為C。5．Thedirectreasonfortheextinctionofsomespeciesis__B__.A．continuousappearanceofnewspeciesB．destructiveactivitiesofhumanbeingsC．moreandmorehomelessanimalsD．thegreatchangeofoceanecosystems解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Ineachcase,thefingerofblamepointsdirectlyathumanactivities〞可知，在每一種情況下，人類的活動都是應(yīng)該直接遭到責備的，也就是說，人類的活動是一些動物滅絕的直接原因。故答案為B。6．Fromparagraph4weknowthatanotherfuturethreatis__C__.A．destructionofhabitatsB．overfishingandpollutionC．theworseningclimatechangeD．killingoffwildcreaturesandplants解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades,theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommonandcouldthenkillofthesesurvivors〞可知，不斷惡化的氣候變化是一個未來威脅。故答案為C。7．Whatdoes“This〞inthelastsentencereferto？__A__A．massextinction B．extinctionratesC．extinctiontime D．75%ofspeciesormore解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，This指的是上句中的“amassextinction—whichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore〞，massextinction意思是“大量消亡，大滅絕〞。故答案為A。Ⅱ.七選五eq\x(導學號42492629)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。3－2－1GREEN!Youalreadyknowanenvironmentalist'sthreeR's:reduce,reuse,recycle.__1.E__HerearethreethingsyoucandofortheEarthDay.Bearealcut-upThenexttimeyou'reabouttothrowouttheplasticringsthatholdasix-packofsodatogether,reachforapairofscissors.Asayoungturtle,Peanutgotstuckinoneofthoserings.Asshegrew,theringstayedput(原地不動),forcinghershelltogrowaroundit.Bythetimesomeonefoundherandcutherfree,hershellwaspermanentlydeformed(成畸形的)．Thankstoherhardshell,Peanutisaliveandwell.ShenowlivesatanaturecenterinMissouri.Butmostanimalsthatgetcaughtinsix-packringsdie.WHATYOUCANDOEasy!__2.C__Huntforvampires(吸血鬼)Youknowallthoseelectronicinventionsyou'vegotathome?Evenwhenyouswitchthemoff,they'rereallystillon.__3.B__AnythingwithaglowingLEDoff/onlight,aremotecontrol,oraclockdisplayisalwayson.WHATYOUCANDOJustpullouttheplugsortaptheOFFswitchtillyoureallyneedtheelectronics.__4.A__MattDamonreallycaresaboutcleanwater.SoinFebruary,heannouncedthathewasgoingonstrikeagainsttoilets.“Untileverybodyhasaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation，〞hesaid.“Iwillnotgotothebathroom！〞Hewaskiddingbuttomakeaseriouspoint.Aroundtheworld,hesaid,“780millionpeoplelackaccesstocleanwater；2.5billionpeoplelackaccesstoatoilet.〞WHATYOUCANDO__5.F__Justdon'twastewater.Don'trunthewaterwhilebrushingyourteeth.Takeshortershowers.A．GetwaterwiseB．Howtorecognizevampireelectronics?C．Cuttheringsapartbeforeyoutrashthem.D．UsetoiletslessE．Buthowelsecanyouhelp.F．Noneedtogoonatoiletstrike.G．Dothingsthatcanhelpwithgoodlivingconditions.文章大意：本文是說明文。你能為綠色環(huán)保生活做什么？文章告訴你的3件事你一定能做到。解析：1．注意前后兩句中反復出現(xiàn)的you，以及下文出現(xiàn)的WHATYOUCANDO。很明顯，文章的中心思想是讓“你〞能夠做到文章中提到的3點，因此答案為E。此題容易錯選G，其在銜接前后兩句時并不顯得突兀，但其含義卻有失偏頗，提到的僅僅是生活條件，與主題不符，故不選C。2．比照下文中兩個WHATYOUCANDO可知，設(shè)空處提出的是具體的解決方法。此題指怎樣做才能防止像海龜Peanut一樣的悲劇，因此答案為C。3．這里用vampire比喻那些被忽略的耗電設(shè)備，B切題。4．這里缺一個標題，由后面的內(nèi)容可知，節(jié)約用水是中心思想。美國影星MattDamon通過自己的例子告訴大家不要浪費水，因此答案為A。5．此題干擾項較多，選擇正確答案的方法是把握住中心思想。中心思想是節(jié)約用水，同時注意后一句中出現(xiàn)的Just一詞，這里提示與設(shè)空處的語意有一定的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可以篩選出正確答案為F。Ⅲ.短文改錯eq\x(導學號42492630)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2022·甘肅省二診)Recently,smogweatherhasbecamemoreandmoreseriousinpartsofChina.Peopleforcedtowearmaskstoavoidbreathepoisonousair.Tosettlethisproblem,theseriesofmeasuresshouldbetaken.First,weshouldenact(公布)morestrictlawonenvironmentalprotectiontoregulatetheindustrialproductionandpunishthosefactorieswhatignoretheprotection.Second,weshoulddevelopenvironmentally-friendlyproductstoimproveairquality.Besides,peopleshouldbuildupprotectionawarenesstoformahabitbyusinggreenproductsorsavingenergy.Inmyopinion,ifweallacttogether,theirenvironmentwillbecomemorebetter.答案：Recently,smogweatherhaseq\o(became,\s\do12(become))moreandmoreseriousinpartsofChina.Peopleeq\o(∧,\s\do12(are))forcedtowearmaskstoavoideq\o(breathe,\s\do12(breathing))poisonousair.Tosettlethisproblem,eq\o(the,\s\do12(a))seriesofmeasuresshouldbetaken.First,weshouldenact(公布)morestricteq\o(law,\s\do12(laws))o