2023年高考英語備考優(yōu)生百日闖關(guān)系列專題10閱讀理解-議論文類（含解析）

PAGE專題10 閱讀理解——議論文類方法與技巧題型介紹：議論文是英語中的重要文體，在每年的高考閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。相對(duì)于其它文體，議論文閱讀要難一些，因此要多加重視。 議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。命題形式：從近幾年觀的高考英語試題來看，議論文類閱讀理解的命題類型主要有：1.主旨題 考查考生對(duì)于議論文根本觀點(diǎn)的理解，是主旨題設(shè)題的目的。做這種類型的題目要弄清作者想說什么，即作者寫此文章的目的。2.推理判斷題 這種題型的特點(diǎn)是以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，但其結(jié)果有絕不是事實(shí)本身。它主要測(cè)試考生的邏輯思維能力，側(cè)重于推理。3.細(xì)節(jié)題 細(xì)節(jié)題也是議論文試題的主要題型。這種題要求考生理解文中的具體觀點(diǎn)和具體事實(shí)。三、議論文閱讀理解題解題技巧第一，抓論點(diǎn)、尋論據(jù) 閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題，我們就把我了中心。第二，注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于對(duì)文章大意的理解。從論證方法上講，常見的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion這就是“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題〞的過程。2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea這就是“由論點(diǎn)到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)〞的過程。第三，體會(huì)文章語言特點(diǎn)，把握作者寫作態(tài)度，準(zhǔn)確進(jìn)行推理判斷。 能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是表達(dá)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意，有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來的，需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí)，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。解題技巧：解答此類試題，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手考慮：作者在開始表達(dá)一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，然后對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時(shí)要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因——結(jié)果〔Cause&Effect〕型。還有一種比擬常見的是問題——答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個(gè)問題〔相當(dāng)于一個(gè)現(xiàn)象〕，然后給出該問題的答案〔相當(dāng)于解釋〕。針對(duì)文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn):答題時(shí)優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解的特征等其他角度對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn);如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，那么從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮;次之從解的特征方面考慮?？忌钆麓祟愺w裁。山窮水盡時(shí)，記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案體驗(yàn)高考1.【2022·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,〞saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant〞〞tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.〞 Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownB.AsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemC.SacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenD.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter【答案】25-28.ADCA【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。主要講述目前社會(huì)上很多老年人愿意搬到離子女近的地方居住的一種趨勢(shì)。同時(shí)作者也建議老人們要做出適合自己的選擇，不要僅僅為孩子考慮而犧牲了自己習(xí)慣了的生活方式。考點(diǎn)：社會(huì)生活類短文閱讀【技巧點(diǎn)撥】推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。此類題要求通過文章中的文字信息，上下文邏輯關(guān)系及事物的開展變化等的信息，推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題關(guān)鍵要注意說明作者觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等。28題中那么根據(jù)itiswisertosayno推斷出作者的立場(chǎng)。2.【2022·北京】DWhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon〞newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思維方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces〞withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群體)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(規(guī)定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.67.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral68.Theunderlinedword“passage〞inParagraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.todevelopasharedidentityamongstudentsB.todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehaviorC.ToprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudentsD.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment]70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?【答案】67.B68.A69.D70.C68.A猜想詞義題。根據(jù)“fromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility〞可知，從家庭的庇護(hù)到自主性和成年人的責(zé)任，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)變、變化，應(yīng)選A。69.D推理判斷題。每個(gè)人的個(gè)性都是不同的，排除A；根據(jù)第四段“Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacing...〞可知，作者不贊成大學(xué)管理者約束學(xué)生的社會(huì)行為，排除B；大學(xué)不是一個(gè)無憂無慮的場(chǎng)所，排除C；大學(xué)應(yīng)該是學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)和促進(jìn)學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)的地方，應(yīng)選D。70.C篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第四段“Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.〞中的“equallyimportant〞和第五段的“moreover〞可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要論點(diǎn)，應(yīng)選C。考點(diǎn)：教育類短文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】

I.三類篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題的出題方式1.結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)辨:此類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題要求考生能夠識(shí)別文章、段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu)或行文方式。結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)辨類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題常見的題干表述方式如下：Howisthetextorganized?Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby________.Thetextismainlydevelopedintheorderof________.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?2.組織結(jié)構(gòu)功能:此類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題要求考生判斷文章或段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)的功能、作用，其常見的題干表述方式如下：Theauthorquoted…wordsin...paragraphinordertomakethearticle________.3.結(jié)構(gòu)推測(cè):此類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題要求考生能夠根據(jù)文章或段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu)、行文方式或段落內(nèi)容推測(cè)文章前后未呈現(xiàn)的寫作內(nèi)容。其常見的題干表述方式如下：Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?學(xué)優(yōu)]Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkhasbeendiscussedinthepartbeforethisselection?II.解題策略考查組織結(jié)構(gòu)的文章通常行文組織結(jié)構(gòu)都比擬清晰、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此，具備文體、寫作方式和文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)方面相關(guān)知識(shí)對(duì)于有效解答此類題目具有至關(guān)重要的作用。記敘文可以采取以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)開展為序〔開端、開展、高潮、結(jié)局〕等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時(shí)間的先后順序表達(dá)，比方，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他,最后寫高潮，這種敘事手法叫做倒敘。議論文總體上可以分為四類：第一類，“提出論點(diǎn)——分論點(diǎn)一——分論點(diǎn)二——分論點(diǎn)三……——結(jié)論〞；第二類，“引入段——導(dǎo)出論點(diǎn)——分點(diǎn)論述——結(jié)論〞；第三類，“提出問題——分析問題——解決問題〞；第四類，“提出反面觀點(diǎn)——批駁反面觀點(diǎn)——提出正面觀點(diǎn)〞。3)說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、比照或比擬等說明方式進(jìn)行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實(shí)可信，或者更具說服力。3.【2022·四川】BIfyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.4.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.5.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.6.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.每天在我們的工作中，我們會(huì)收到一些人的鼓舞，他們?cè)谧鲆恍└纳剖澜绲氖虑椤?yīng)選C。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中wedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.。我們確實(shí)認(rèn)為當(dāng)你把你的一些時(shí)間和精力奉獻(xiàn)給別人時(shí)，你就能過上一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的生活。Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.。自愿或者，如果你能的話，給一個(gè)事業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)一點(diǎn)錢?？芍谖宥蔚囊馑际牵盒袆?dòng)起來幫助別人。應(yīng)選B。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.它已經(jīng)改變了我們是誰，在以后的這些年里最窮人的生活將會(huì)得到改善。應(yīng)選A?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文外表文字信息的根底上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文外表文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude

indicate等標(biāo)志性詞語。這種題型主要包括細(xì)節(jié)判斷題、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜想想象推斷題。比方第7小題A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.它已經(jīng)改變了我們是誰，在以后的這些年里最窮人的生活將會(huì)得到改善。應(yīng)選A。考點(diǎn)：考查日常生活類閱讀:4.17.【2022·浙江】A“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?〞LindseywhiperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,toribrags，“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.〞WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedmam,Icantellyouthatwhatthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHigtSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(閑話)。Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic-breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout-thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleofenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Thtanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(傳言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.〞Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority(優(yōu)越感).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thingaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory〞mighthave.41.Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto.A.introduceatopicB.presentanargumentC.describethecharactersD.clarifyhiswritingpurpose42.Animportantnegativeeffectsofgossipisthatit.A.breaksuprelationshipsB.embarrassesthelistenerC.spreadsinformationaroundD.causesunpleasantexperiences43.Intheauther’sopinion,manypeopleliketogossipbecauseit.A.givesthemafeelingofpleasureB.helpthemtomakemorefriendsC.makesthembetterattellingstoriesD.enablesthemtomeetimportantpeople44.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinkthatgossipcan.A.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviorsC.forceschooltoimpovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice’sattentiontogroupbehaviors45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?A.NeverbecomeagossiperB.StayawayfromgossipersC.Don’tletgossipturnintoliesD.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.43.A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第五段的Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus,可知人們散播傳言是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)帶來滿足感，應(yīng)選A。44.B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第六段的ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.可知，他認(rèn)為傳言能幫助人們觀察自身的行為，應(yīng)選B。45.D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段的Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory〞mighthave.可知，作者的建議是讓人們?cè)趥餮灾叭级笮小?yīng)選D?！痉椒c(diǎn)撥】這是一篇議論文，題目設(shè)置以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主。學(xué)生可以帶著題目回到原文，能夠在短文中畫出解題依據(jù)是正確解題的關(guān)鍵，各位考生要謹(jǐn)記，在做閱讀理解時(shí)要做到“不見依據(jù)不做題〞。理由充分，依據(jù)鑿實(shí)，這是不僅“知其然〞，而且“知其所以然〞的超高境界，是閱讀水平提高的最大見證。那么如何能快速準(zhǔn)確回到原文找到依據(jù)呢?1.關(guān)鍵詞定位法。這里說的關(guān)鍵詞并不一定是中心詞，而是在理解題干所問之后，在題干中能幫助你迅速回到原文的“特征詞〞。如43題的信息句是Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus,可知人們散播傳言是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)帶來滿足感，和選項(xiàng)A里面的afeelingofpleasure對(duì)應(yīng)。還有44題，題干中的ProfessorDavidWilson可以定位到第六段的ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.可知，他認(rèn)為傳言能幫助人們觀察自身的行為，所以答案是B。2.自然段定位法。即命題者往往按照信息點(diǎn)在文中出現(xiàn)的先后來依次命制各個(gè)小題，也就是說，各題的答案信息常常在短文中依次出現(xiàn)，排在后面的小題，文中對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)也在后面。例如，第1題往往位于一、二自然段，第2題會(huì)在第1題的答案信息之后且與第一題的位置最接近，第3題會(huì)在第2題的答案信息之后，往往在文中較為中間的地方，而第4題那么位于文中較后的位置。最后一題(偶爾可能是第一題)一般是主旨題(包括給文章加標(biāo)題、歸納寫作目的)，這時(shí)，可能涉及全文內(nèi)容。如41題，題目問文章的開頭的作用，自然定位到第一段的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合下文可以快速解答。模擬新題精選1.【河北省衡水中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期五調(diào)〔12月〕】CThesharingeconomy,representedbycompanieslikeAirbnborUber,isthelatestfashioncraze.Butmanysupportershaveoverlookedtherealitythatthisnewbusinessmodelislargelybasedonescapingregulationsandbreakingthelaw.AirbnbisanInternet-basedservicethatallowspeopletorentoutspareroomstostrangersforshortstays.UberisanInternettaxiservicethatallowsthousandsofpeopletoanswerriderequestswiththeirowncars.Therearehundredsofothersuchservices.

Thegoodthingaboutthesharingeconomyisthatitpromotestheuseofunderusedresources.Millionsofpeoplehavehousesorapartmentswithemptyrooms,andAirbnballowsthemtoprofitfromtheseroomswhileallowingguestsaplacetostayatpricesthatareoftenfarlessthanthosechargedbyhotels.Uberofferspricesthatarecompetitivewithstandardtaxipricesandtheirdriversareoftenmuchquickerandmoretrustworthy.

Butthedownsideofthesharingeconomyhasgottenmuchlessattention.Mostcitiesandstatesbothtaxandregulatehotels,andthetouristswhostayinhotelsareusuallyanimportantsourceoftaxincome.ButmanyofAirbnb’scustomersarenotpayingthetaxesrequiredunderthelaw.

Airbnbcanalsoraiseissuesofsafetyforitscustomersandtroubleforhosts’neighbors.Hotelsareregularlyinspectedtoensurethattheyarenotfiretrapsandthat

theydon’tformotherrisksforvisitors.Airbnbhostsfacenosuchinspections.

SinceAirbnbisallowingpeopletoescapetaxesandregulations,thecompanyissimplypromotingthefts.Othersintheeconomywilllosebybearinganadditionaltaxburdenorbeingforcedtolivenexttoanapartmentunitwithanever-endingseriesofnoisyvisitors.ThesamestorymayapplywithUber.Uberiscurrentlyindisputesoverwhetheritscarsmeetthesafetyandinsurancerequirementsimposedonstandardtaxis.Also,ifUberandrelatedservicesfloodthemarket,theycouldharmalltaxidrivers’abilitytoearnaminimumwage.Thisdownsideofthesharingneedstobetakenseriously,butthatdoesn’tmeanthecurrenttaxandregulatorystructureisperfect.28.Whatisthepositivethingaboutthesharingeconomy?

A.Itisaglobaltrend.

B.Itisbeyondregulations.

C.Itdrawsonspareresources.

D.Itbringsinmodestprofits.

29.WhatistheproblemwithAirbnbcustomersaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyarenotregularlyinspected.

B.Theyarelikelytocommitthefts.C.Theyareallowednottopaytaxes.D.Theycanbenoisytohosts’neighbours.

30.WhatistheargumentoverUberaccordingtothepassage？

A.Whetheritguaranteescustomers’safety.

B.Whetheritprovidesreliableservices.

C.Whetheritlowerscustomers’expenses.

D.Whetheritcancompetewithstandardtaxis.31.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Existingregulationsandlaws.B.Necessaryimprovementsofcurrentlaws.C.FurtherdevelopmentofAirbnbandUber.

D.MoredownsidesofAirbnbandUber.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B30.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Uberiscurrentlyindisputesoverwhetheritscarsmeetthesafetyandinsurancerequirementsimposedonstandardtaxis.可知對(duì)于優(yōu)步的爭(zhēng)議在于它的平安性，應(yīng)選A。31.B下文推測(cè)題。根據(jù)Thisdownsideofthesharingneedstobetakenseriously,butthatdoesn’tmeanthecurrenttaxandregulatorystructureisperfect.可知文章最后在談?wù)摴蚕斫?jīng)濟(jì)的缺陷在于當(dāng)前法律法規(guī)的不完善，故下文會(huì)接著談這個(gè)問題，應(yīng)選B。【名師點(diǎn)睛】作者態(tài)度及寫作意圖推斷每一篇文章都會(huì)包含作者的某種觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，只不過有的直截了當(dāng)，有的含而不露，有的通過所用詞語的褒貶來表達(dá)。此類題可細(xì)分為作者態(tài)度題(說明作者的好惡)和作者觀點(diǎn)題(說明作者對(duì)某事物的看法)。準(zhǔn)確把握作者的情感和態(tài)度，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.作者對(duì)某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反對(duì),帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。2.漠不關(guān)心類詞語往往不對(duì),既然寫文章就不會(huì)不關(guān)心。]3.不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中,也要區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度。4.當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性來判斷。]5.作者的觀點(diǎn)一般與文章的主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。6.絕對(duì)化或語氣過于強(qiáng)烈的選項(xiàng)常常是錯(cuò)誤的,如:strong,complete,entire等。2.【湖北省局部重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022屆高三新考試大綱適應(yīng)性考試】DFixedorgrowthmindset—whichdoyouhave?Weliveinanuncertainworldwithallthetechnologicaladvancesweareexperiencing，whichmeanseisarequirementforachangeinmidset(思維模式〕.Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationally,weneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.Afixedmindsetsupposesthatyouhavenativeabilitiesandarenaturallycleverorskilledincertainareasoflife.Whenyoureceiveinfonnationabouthowyouhaveperformedinatestorsetoftaskstyoumayworryabouthowyouarejudged.Ourparentsprobablysaidtouswhenwewereyoung,"Sinceyouscoredreallywellinthetest,youmustbeclever."However,bybeingrepeatedlytold“Youarcclever〞or“Youarereallyga*alalyourjob〞，aperson’sself-respectisactuallydainagcd.Thegrowlh-mindestpersonaviewlifeasaseriesofexcitingchallengesandwanttoconstantlylearn.Brainactivityoccursinthismindsetwhentheyreceiveinformationaboutwhattheycoulddobelterorimprove.Theydonotviewtheirabilitiesasfixedorusfailure.Learningiskingandthemoretheypractice,themoretheyknowtheywillsucceed.Whatisimportantisgivingpraisearoundprocessandnotaroundability.Forexample,insteadofsaying"Sinceyougotagreatscore,youmustbeclever"fsay"Yougotagreatscore,andyoumusthavetriedreallyhard".Thiscreateschallengeinindivicluatsand.Com]]Themeaningofmindsetsismassiveforbusiness.Fixed-mindsetmanagersarenotfansofgivingfeedback(反應(yīng)〕.Theydonotwanttostretchthemselvesorothersbecausetheyfearfailure.Thereforetheirbusinessmaystandstillbecausethereisnoriskorinnovation(創(chuàng)新〕occurring.Listenfromyourownfixedmindset一forexample,"Ican'tdothat〞一andanswerwithagrowth-mindsetresponse一“Ican'tdothatyet!"Rememberthereisnosuchthingasfailureandthereissonlylearning.Ifyoudon'tfailoccasionally，youwillneverlearntochangeandgrow.32.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofpeople'smindsets?A.Agrowthmindstetmeansnofailure.B.Peopleneeddevelopafixedmindset.C.Afixedmindsetfocusesmoreonprocess.D.Peopleshoulddevelopagrowthmindest.33.Whichjudgmentseemsmoreencouraging?A. Youareclever. B. Youareskillful.C. Youhaveworkedhard. D. Youarcgreatatyourjob.]34.Whatdothegrowth-mindsetpersonsmostadvocate?A. Keepingonlearning. B. Viewingabilityas failure.C. Givingpraisearoundability. D. Learningfromthe fixedmindset.35.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.AlwaysstayinihesamemindsetB.Thinkandactindifferentmindsets.C.Wecan'tmissthechanceoffailure.D.Learningisthekeytosuccessfromfailure.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、比照，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省了珍貴的時(shí)間。尋讀法還特別適用于對(duì)圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。英語中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關(guān)系的because,since,as等；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。32.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationally,weneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.人們應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)。應(yīng)選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查議論文閱讀3.【河北省衡水中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期七調(diào)】AGlobalPositioningSystemsarenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellite-basedsystemsprovideturn-by-turndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.But,theycanalsocausealotofproblems,sendyoutothewrongplaceorleaveyoucompletelylost.Manytimes,thedriveristoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,saysBarryBrown,anexpertinhuman-computerinteraction,itisacombinationofthetwo.WespoketoMrBrownbySkype(網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件).HetoldusaboutanincidentinvolvingafriendwhohadflowntoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouseduringhisstay.BarryBrown:“Andtheyjustpluggedinanaddressandthensetofftotheirdestination.And,thenitwasn'tuntiltheyweredrivingforthirtyminutesthattheyrealizedtheyactuallyputinadestinationbackontheWestCoastwheretheylived.TheyactuallyputtheirhomeaddressiaSoagain,theGPSiskindof'garbageingarbageout'〞.MrBrownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.But,hesays,whatmakestheproblemworsehastodowithsomeoftheshortcomings,orfailures,ofGPSequipment.BarryBrown:“OneproblemwithalotoftheGPSunitsistheyhaveaverysmallscreenandtheyjusttellyouthenextturn.Becausetheyjustgiveyouthenextturn,sometimesthatmeansthatitisnotreallygivingyoutheoverviewthatyouwouldneedtoknowthatit'sgoingtothewrongplace.〞BarryBrownonceworkedonaprojectwithEricLaurierfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh.ThetwomenstudiedtheeffectsofGPSdevicesondrivingbyplacingcamerasinpeople'scars.Theywroteapaperbasedontheirresearch.Itiscalled“TheNormal,NaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS〞.ItlistsseveralareaswhereGPSsystemscancauseconfusionfordrivers.Theseincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.TheyalsoincludetimingissuesrelatedtowhenGPScommandsaregiven.BarryBrownsaystomakeGPSsystemsbetterweneedabetterunderstandingofhowdrivers,passengersandGPSsystemsworktogether.21.InParagraph2,MrBrownmentionedhisfriendintheconversationto.A.builduphisownreputation B.laughathisstupidfriendC.provetheGPSsystemisonlygarbage D.describeanexampleofhumanerror22.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBarryBrownmostlikelyagreewith?A.GPSunitsaretoblameformostGPSservicefailures.B.Weshouldintroducehigherstandardsforthedrivinglicense.C.CamerasareurgentlyneededtohelpimproveGPSsystems.D.Drivers,GPSsystemsandpassengersshouldunitetoimproveGPSsystems.23.WhatisMrBrown'sattitudetowardsGPS?A.Unconcerned.B.Prejudiced.C.Objective.D.Critical.24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DrivingwithGPScanbedifficultB.DrivingconfusionscanbecausedbysmallscreensC.DrivingwithoutGPSshouldbemuchmoreconvenientD.GPSequipmentindriving:tobedesertedorimproved?【答案】21.D22.D23.C24.A22.D推理判斷題。BarryBrown最可能同意一下哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)？根據(jù)文章最后一段“TomakeGP