語(yǔ)義學(xué)練習(xí)題

Semantics

Whatissemantics?

A:Semanticsexamineshowmeaningisencodedinalanguage.Itisnotonlyconcernedwithmeaningsofwordsaslexicalitems,butalsowithlevelsoflanguagebolowthewordandaboveit,e.g.meaningsofmorphemesandsentences.

Whataremajorbranchesoflinguistics?whatdoeseachstudy?

A:(1).Phoneticsit'sdefinedasthestudyof

thephonicmediumoflanguage,it'sconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.

.Phonology:thestudyofsoundssystems—theinventoryofdistinctivesoundsthatoccurinalanguageandthepatternsintowhichtheyfall.

(3).Morphology:It'sabranchofagrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.(4).Syntax:It'sasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureofalanguage.(5).Semantics:It'ssimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaninginabstraction.

(6).Pragmatics:thestudyofmeaningincontextofwords.

TwoaspectsofSentencemeaning:A:grammaticalandsemanticmeaning.

4.Selectionalrestrictions---

A:Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrules.

5.Howaresenseandreferencerelated?

Sensereferstotheinherentmeaningofalinguisticform,whichisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform,it'sabstractandde-contextualized.

Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld,itisamatterof

relationshipbetweentheformandreality.

6.What'sgrammaticality?whatmighttakeagrammaticallymeaningfulsentencesemanticallymeaningless?

Grammaticality:thegrammaticalwell-formednessofasentence.

Asentencemaybewell-formedgrammatically,i.e.itconformstothegrammaticalrulesofthelanguage,butitisnotnecessarilysemanticallywell-formed,i.e.itmaynotmakesenseatall.

TorF:

.Semanticsisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesthatformtheword.(F)

.Semanticsisthestudyofhowsoundsareorganizedandusedinnaturallanguages.(F)

.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaning,usuallyinlanguage.Theword“semantics”itselfdenotesarangeofideas,fromthepopulartothehighlytechnical.(T)

.Semanticsisgenerallyconsideredtobethestudyofmeaninginlanguage.(T)

.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaningfromthelinguisticpointofview.(T)

.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.(T)

.Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.(F)

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis

morphologyB.generallinguistics

C.phonologyD.semantics(C)

Componentialanalysisisamethodappliedinthefieldof

phoneticsB.syntax

C.semanticsD.pragmatics(C)

10..Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.

A.semantics

pragmatics

sociolinguistics

psycholinguistics(B)

Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedasB_)_.(A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

+animate,+male,+human,+adult

+animate,-male,+human,-adult

+animate,-male,+human,+adult

Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzemeaning.

A.phoemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence(D)

Thefourmajormodesofsemanticchange

are

A.extension,narrowing,elevationand

degradation

extension,generalization,elevationand

degradation

extension,narrowing,specializationand

degradation

D.extension,elevation,ameliorationand

degradation

(A)

14.Componentialanalysisisamethodapplied

inthefieldof

A.phonetics

B.syntax

C.semantics

D.pragmatics(C)

15.Indicatethat:

(1).Semanticsis

abranchofstudyof

linguistics.(Concerningotherlinguisticdisciplines)

(2).Theoriginaloftheterm“semantics”shouldbeclarifiedwewanttotou