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2023年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試大綱沒(méi)有變化,2023年考試大綱仍可沿用,2023年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試教材在2023年根底上進(jìn)行了調(diào)整與修訂,與2023年教材相比,2023年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)教材在詞匯選項(xiàng)、閱讀判斷、概括大意與完成句子、補(bǔ)全短文四大題型上都沒(méi)有變換,只有閱讀理解與完型填空兩個(gè)題型上有局部變化,以下是具體變化:綜合類(lèi)教材變化內(nèi)容:閱讀理解:第八篇(C級(jí)):TheStateofMarriageToday第三十八篇(B級(jí)):ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople第四十七篇(A級(jí)):SpoiltforChoice完型填空:第五篇(c級(jí)):WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms第十二篇(B級(jí)):SportorSpectacle?第十五篇(A級(jí)):LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears綜合類(lèi)閱讀“TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight〞被更新成了“SpoiltforChoice〞第八篇
TheStateofMarriageToday
Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues.itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatinl00years.theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes.a(chǎn)ndextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.
Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell—payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,sotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.
Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis.manycouplesnowcohabitanddon’tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact.morethan50%Offirstmarriagessurvive.Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages.
Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn’t.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!
詞匯:
Divorcen.離婚
Evidencen.證據(jù),跡象
Futuristn.未來(lái)主義者
Explodev.激增,迅速擴(kuò)大
Predictv.預(yù)言,預(yù)料,預(yù)報(bào)
Extramaritaladj.婚外的
Gloomyadj.陰暗的;令人沮喪的
Institutionn.制度,習(xí)俗
Outlookn.展望,前景
Pessimisticadj.悲觀的
Cohabitv.同居
Effectivelyad.實(shí)際上
Statisticsn.統(tǒng)計(jì),統(tǒng)計(jì)資料
Deceptiveadj.迷惑的,騙人的
Outdatedadj.舊式的,過(guò)時(shí)的
Indicatev.說(shuō)明,暗示
Consequencen.結(jié)果,后果
Contentedadj.滿(mǎn)足的,滿(mǎn)意的
Counterpartn.對(duì)應(yīng)的人(或物)
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
NationalFamilyAssociation:美國(guó)國(guó)家家庭聯(lián)合會(huì)
練習(xí):
1.WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?
A)Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.
B)Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced:
C)Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.
D)Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.
2.Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase〞inparagraphtwomean?
A)Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.
B)Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.
C)Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.
D)Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.
3.Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?
A)Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.
B)Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.
C)Over50%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.
D)Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue。
4.Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?
A)Theyaremuchhealthier.
B)Theyfeelnolongersingle.
C)Theyaremoresatisfied.
D〕Theysufferalotless.
5.WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
A)Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage.
B)Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce.
C)Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed.
D)Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried.
答案與題解:
1.D
從第一段里可以了解到選項(xiàng)A與C都是預(yù)計(jì)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的,而不是如今的情況。B選項(xiàng)與第一段第二句“almost50%ofthemarriagesendindivorce〞不符。第一段第二句里的“therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded〞、“theevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse〞話(huà)語(yǔ)正好說(shuō)明了D選項(xiàng)的情況。
2.C
第二段第四句、第五句說(shuō)得很清楚,婦女們?nèi)缃裨谕夤ぷ髟诮?jīng)濟(jì)上不再依賴(lài)她們的丈夫,因此覺(jué)得無(wú)需維持行將失敗的婚姻。
3.A從第三段里可以了解到離婚率并沒(méi)有下降而是上升了,因此B選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。而C選項(xiàng)與第三段里“Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive〞所說(shuō)不符,該選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到是第一次婚姻。同樣,D選項(xiàng)在文中也沒(méi)有說(shuō)到,文中第三段的最后一句只是說(shuō)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)具有欺騙性,而沒(méi)有說(shuō)數(shù)據(jù)失實(shí)。
4.C文中第四段第三句的后半句說(shuō)得很清楚,結(jié)了婚的人比單身的人更滿(mǎn)足。A,D選項(xiàng)提到的是實(shí)際情況而不是婚后人們的感覺(jué),因此不對(duì)。文中并沒(méi)有提到選項(xiàng)B所說(shuō)的情況。
5.BA選項(xiàng)在第一段最后一句里提到了,C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)分別在第二段、第四段里提到了,而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)卻沒(méi)有哪一段具體提到。
*第三十八篇
ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople
Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill,butnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationM1arespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.
Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and/oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2
orOnanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.
Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.
Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople'sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.
Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.
Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday'syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.
詞匯:
excessiveadj.過(guò)多的,額外
interactvi.交流,溝通,互動(dòng)
multitaskvi.同時(shí)進(jìn)行多個(gè)任務(wù)
wizardryn.魔力,法術(shù)
supposedlyadv.據(jù)認(rèn)為,據(jù)推測(cè)
hailvt.贊揚(yáng)
performancen.表現(xiàn),行為
claimvt.聲稱(chēng),主張
perceptionn.認(rèn)識(shí),看法,見(jiàn)解
considerableadj.相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的
impactn.影響,作用
gadgetn.小巧的機(jī)械裝置
frittervt.消費(fèi),浪費(fèi)
overwhelmingadj.壓倒性的
jugglevt.耍弄,玩耍
majorityn.大多數(shù)
electronicdevicen.電子裝置,電子儀器
academicadj.學(xué)術(shù)的,學(xué)校的
declinen.下降,衰退
surfvi.〔網(wǎng)上〕沖浪,漫游,瀏覽
concentrationn.專(zhuān)心,專(zhuān)注
indicatevt.說(shuō)明,指出
remedialadj.補(bǔ)習(xí)的,補(bǔ)救的
affectvt.影響
deskilledadj.逐漸失去技能的
isolatedadj.鼓勵(lì)的,與世隔絕的
dueadj.應(yīng)有的,適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1.GenerationM:M代表multimedia。GenerationM即“多媒體時(shí)代〞,是指伴隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和因特網(wǎng)的普及而成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的一代年輕人。他們多出生于1980年之后,熱衷于計(jì)算機(jī)、因特網(wǎng)、視頻游戲、智能手機(jī)。這些新媒體和傳統(tǒng)媒體如電視、印刷品、音響制品結(jié)合起來(lái),使得他們的世界異常豐富多彩?!岸嗝襟w時(shí)代〞的另一特征就是可以multitask,即多項(xiàng)任務(wù)同時(shí)進(jìn)行,如他們可以_邊上網(wǎng)沖浪、一邊聽(tīng)著音樂(lè)、一邊看著電視里的MTV、一邊和朋友短信聊天、同時(shí)還做著自己的家庭作業(yè)。
2.iPod:美國(guó)蘋(píng)果公司的一款音樂(lè)播放器,除了可以播放MP3音樂(lè)外,iPod還可以作為高速移動(dòng)硬盤(pán)使用,可以顯示聯(lián)系人、日歷和任務(wù),以及閱讀電子書(shū)和聆聽(tīng)有聲電子書(shū)以及播客(Podcasts)。
3.bewrappedupin...注意力完全集中于……
4.bearinmind記住
5.inrespectof關(guān)于,就……而言
練習(xí):
1.Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?
A)Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient.
B)Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions.
C)Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand.
D)TheyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillsSOastocompletealltheirtasks.
2.Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM'spresente-devices?
A)Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople.
B)Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom.
C)Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties.
D)Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies.
3.HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?
A)Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.
B)Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.
C)Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive.
D)Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful.
4.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?
A)Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.
B)Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.
C)Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.
D)Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.
5.Indealingwithtoday'syouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?
A)
Besupportiveandunderstanding.
B)
Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations.
C)
Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.
D)
Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.
答案與題解:
1.B
從第一段第一句話(huà)中的"aconsiderableamountoftheirtime""fruitlessefforts''以及該段最后一句話(huà)中的"fritteringawayasmuchas…"可以進(jìn)行同義替換,waste就是fruitless和fritter的同義詞。
2.C
從第二段的最后一句話(huà)中的"addedtothelistratherthanreplacing"可以判斷出,這些年輕人的電子設(shè)備是越來(lái)越多,而不是A被取而代之、8被輪流使用、D被出售或交換以便買(mǎi)更新的產(chǎn)品。
3.B
答案A是文字游戲,原文中"isolatedworlds"應(yīng)該理解為孤立的世界,即單獨(dú)“alone〞,而不是孤獨(dú)“l(fā)onely〞。答案C說(shuō)他們變得自私和占有欲強(qiáng),想買(mǎi)更多電子產(chǎn)品,顯然不對(duì)。答案D說(shuō)他們變得不懂禮貌和不知感恩,均是對(duì)第三段最后一句話(huà)中的“nolongergreet〞和“norcantheyeatatthefamilytable〞的字面理解。答案B是兩個(gè)近義詞,重點(diǎn)在性格變化上,變得“假設(shè)即假設(shè)離,難以捉摸〞。
4.D答案A認(rèn)為是態(tài)度問(wèn)題,把客觀問(wèn)題主觀化。答案B是遇到選項(xiàng),試圖用“remedialhelp〞誤導(dǎo)大家聯(lián)想到remedy一詞,故引出psychologicalprofessional的曲解。答案C把第五段第一句中的“l(fā)aterdevelopment〞和“declineinthequalityof…〞表象化,認(rèn)為應(yīng)該抓緊趕上同學(xué)〔catchup〕。答案D才是正確答案,問(wèn)題癥結(jié)在于multitasking難以讓人集中注意力,造成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、影響表現(xiàn)等后果,這些前文均已提過(guò)。
5.A答案A把praise替換成了相對(duì)隱性的近義詞。答案B只針對(duì)最后一段的第一句話(huà),斷章取義。答案C前半局部encouraging還算接近正確答案,后半局部那么成了鼓勵(lì)“將錯(cuò)就錯(cuò)〞。答案D認(rèn)為應(yīng)采取"聽(tīng)之任之,“順其自然〞的態(tài)度。
+第四十七篇
SpoiltforChoice
Choice,wearegivento1believe,isaright.Indailylife,peoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain2,thesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower,orduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.
Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike,waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee2.Butforagoodmany4peopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesand
advertiserswantingtoselltheirwares5.
Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople'slivesisanxiety.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway6orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholdersofthemanufacturersare,nonetheless,satisfied.
Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshittheshelves7.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyarebought.Atfirst,therewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturers,butnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething8:nochoice,noanxiety.
Theplethoraofchoiceis.notlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreatermobilitvofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceaboutwheretheywanttoliveandwork--afairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,nationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,adventure,andmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborders9effectivelyslowedthisprocessdown.butwhatisdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichmigrationishappening.
詞匯:
spoilvt.使某人掃興
irksomeaaj.令人心煩的
brainpowern.智能
optionn.選擇
repercussionsn.(常指意料之外的)影響,后果
complexadj.復(fù)雜的
postponevt.&vi.延遲,延緩
professionaln.專(zhuān)業(yè)人士adj.內(nèi)行的
coachn.教練員,指導(dǎo)
luxuryn.難得的享受
illusionn.幻覺(jué),想象
waren.商品,貨物
impactn.影響
anxietyn.焦慮,不安
consumern.消費(fèi)者
inducevt.引起,導(dǎo)致
paralysisn.麻痹
unsuitableadj.不恰當(dāng)?shù)?,不適宜的
uneasen.焦慮,不安
sizeableadj.相當(dāng)大的,頗大的
proportionn.局部,比例
shareholdern.股東
manufacturern.制造商,廠(chǎng)家
nonethelessadv.然而,不過(guò)
availabilityn.可獲得性,可使用性
versionn.版本
obsoleteadj.過(guò)時(shí)的,被淘汰的
plethoran.過(guò)多,過(guò)剩
phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象
migratevi.遷徙
swathen.大片土地
hospitable有利的,適宜的
skipv.跳過(guò)
obeseadj.肥胖的
metabolicadj.新陳代謝的
psychiatricadj.精神病的
abnormaladj.異常的
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1.begivent0:傾向于
2.inthemain-.大體上,根本上
3.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike,waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.對(duì)于情況更復(fù)雜的決策,人們或者回避、拖延,或者求助于各式各樣的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士--生活方式指導(dǎo)人員、律師、咨詢(xún)師等等,而他們也正等著你付費(fèi)來(lái)緩解心理重負(fù)呢。putAinthehandsofB由B為A做決策。thelike等等,諸如此類(lèi)的(人或物)。
4.a(chǎn)goodmany:也可說(shuō)agreatmany,
(用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)所指數(shù)量)非常多的。
5.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.對(duì)那些自認(rèn)為行使選擇權(quán)的人來(lái)說(shuō),這整個(gè)體制不過(guò)是銷(xiāo)售商和廣告商為了賣(mài)貨而制造出的人來(lái)說(shuō),這整個(gè)體制不過(guò)是銷(xiāo)售商和廣告商為了賣(mài)貨而造出的一種幻覺(jué)而已。exerciseone’sright行使權(quán)力。
6.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway.購(gòu)物更便捷,商品更豐富,但這卻讓很多人感到不知所措,甚至麻痹,最后只好放棄挑選,一走了之。accessto…獲得的渠道。
7.hittheshelves:上架,上市
8.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething.那種無(wú)它可選,輕松購(gòu)物的日子一去不復(fù)返了。此句為倒裝句。
9.nationstatesandborders:國(guó)家和疆域。
練習(xí):
1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedecisiontoshopinacertainsupermarketandthedecisiontodropoutofcollegeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?
A)Theformerisarightwhilethelatterisnot.
B)Thelatterhasmoreimpactonlife.
C)Theformermayhappenformanytimesinlife.
D)Thelatterrequiresafee.
2.Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuy,whatistheleastpossiblechoice?
A)Giveup.
B)Walkaway.
C)Buyanunsuitableitem.
D)Seekadvice.
3.Whydoproductshaveshortlifespannowadays?
A)Theyaremoreoftenreplacedwithbetterones.
B)TheyhaveWorsequality.
C)Theyhavetoomanyversions.
D)Computertechnologyadvancestoofast.
4.Howdoesmigrationdifferfromthepast?
A)Peoplenowmigrateacrossthewholeearth.
B)Peoplenowmigrateforbetterlife.
C)Peoplenowhavemorechoiceaboutwheretomigrate.
D)Peoplenowmigrateforbetterenvironment.
5.Whichisthebestsummaryofthewriter'sattitudetowardschoiceinacommercialsociety?
A)
Morechoice,moreanxiety.
B)
Bettermorechoicethannochoice.
C)
Betternochoicethanmorechoice.
D)Allchoiceisnoteasy.
答案與題解:
1.B根據(jù)文章第一句話(huà),這兩種選擇都是權(quán)利,所以A不對(duì),選項(xiàng)C本身沒(méi)錯(cuò)但文中絲毫未提及,選項(xiàng)D有可能發(fā)生,但不是絕對(duì)的。選項(xiàng)B符合Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions的意思。
2.D第二段第三句提到了A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有D沒(méi)提到,這正是此題答案。
3.A第三段都是在講商家為了銷(xiāo)售更多的商品,不斷推出新產(chǎn)品,老百姓不知不覺(jué)更換地更勤,所以一個(gè)商品的使用壽命就更短了。
4.C其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不是新的特點(diǎn),最后一段第三句話(huà)都有涉及。
5.A整篇文章都是在論述現(xiàn)代商品社會(huì)人們雖然選擇更多了,但焦慮感也多了。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)文中都有提及,但不能代表作者整體的態(tài)度。
綜合類(lèi)類(lèi)完形填空新增文章
第五篇
WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms
Youcan'tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth,butinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcourse,mostpeopleneverchangetheirnames--1--theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,somepeopledo--2--thiscourseofaction—particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirname?Sometimesit'sforpurely--3--
reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChile,NeflaliReyes.Hedidn'twanthisfatherto--4--hewaswritingpoetry,sohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.--5--othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa,--6--wroteunder75differentnames.Thereason?〞WhenIuseadifferentname,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,"heexplained.Inmostcases,--7--,thereasonisforsocial,historical,political,orculturalreasons.Herearesomeofmost--8--:
Theperson'srealnameisjus--9--longanddifficulttoremember.Let'sbehonest,MadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas–10--torememberasjustplain"Madonna".Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.
Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing–11--.Forexample,ifanamesoundstoo"foreign",itmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina–12--.Sointhefilmworld,RamonEstsvezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist'sdoesn'tsoundveryattractive--ChadEverettdoes–13—alotbetterthanRaymondCramto.
Artistssometimes--l4--thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoet,DylanThomas.
Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepast,womenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To–15--thissituationthey'ssituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen'snames,sotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliot,andshedidgetherbookspublished!
詞匯:
pseudonymn.假名,筆名
legallyad.法律上,合法地
eccentricadj.乖僻的,反常的
Portugueseadj.葡萄牙的,葡萄牙人的,葡萄牙語(yǔ)的
'
plainadj.清楚的,明白的
marketingn.推銷(xiāo),營(yíng)銷(xiāo)
recognizableadj.可識(shí)別的,可識(shí)別的
attractiveadj.有吸引力的,引人注目的
adoptv.采取,采納
admireV.贊賞,欽佩
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
NobelPrize:諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)
練習(xí):
1.A)asif
B)as
C)evenif
D)even
2.A)take
B)make
C)do
D)have
3.A)private
B)individual
C)own
D)personal
4.A)understand
B)know
C)recognize
D)observe
5.A)At
B)On
C)In
D)During
6.A)whom
B)which
C)who
D)that
7.A)but
B)although
C)though
D)however
8.A)popular
B)common
C)ordinary
D)average
9.A)so
B)too
C)very
D)much
10.A)easy
B)short
C)simple
D)brief
11.A)aims
B)ends
C)goals
D)purposes
12.A、)market
B)film
C)country
D)business
13.A、)look
B)sound
C)appear
D)seem
14.A)choose
B)give
C)change
D)get
15.A)admit
B)assure
C)avoid
D)affect
答案與題解:
1.C
本句前半句提到"大多數(shù)人不會(huì)改名字",因此可以判斷是選有讓步轉(zhuǎn)折意義的
"evenif'',其他的選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思,尤其要注意even是副詞,不可以這樣用于句首引出從句。
2.A
本句的意思是想說(shuō)"有些人,尤其是藝術(shù)家們,會(huì)更改名字"。不過(guò),本句沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)changetheirnames而是說(shuō)采取行動(dòng),那么只能用take與action進(jìn)行搭配,其他動(dòng)詞都不適宜。
3.D
根據(jù)后面suchas后所舉的例子知道,某些人改名字完全出于個(gè)人的原因,應(yīng)選擇personal。private是指與公眾無(wú)關(guān)的,私隱的;individual是與集體對(duì)立而言,個(gè)體的;而own那么必須放在物主代詞的后面一起來(lái)表達(dá)屬于某人的。
4.B
本句是想說(shuō)他改名字是為了不讓父親了解到他在寫(xiě)詩(shī)這件事,因此選know。understand是理解的意思,recognize是認(rèn)出,observe是發(fā)覺(jué)、觀察到的意思。
5.A本句里的times是時(shí)機(jī)、場(chǎng)合的意思,atothertimes是表示“其他的情況〞,還有其他的固定搭配也是用at這個(gè)介詞,如atalltimes,atthebestoftime等等,其他介詞無(wú)此搭配。
'
6.C
本句是舉葡萄牙人的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明某些人更改名字的理由很奇怪,后半句是想說(shuō)此人用過(guò)75個(gè)不同的名字。對(duì)本句結(jié)構(gòu)做出分析后,應(yīng)該是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)此詩(shī)人做出補(bǔ)充解釋?zhuān)视脀h0。that不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,which那么不能表示人,只能表示物,whom是用來(lái)做賓格形式只能作賓語(yǔ)不能作主語(yǔ)。
7.D
如果注意到了此空前后的逗號(hào)的話(huà)就應(yīng)該知道需要填一個(gè)副詞來(lái)表示轉(zhuǎn)折了,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有however是副詞,所以其他的選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
8.B
前一句剛說(shuō)到大家改名字有社會(huì)、歷史、政治、文化等方面的原因,通過(guò)下面幾段里所給出的例子可以知道本句是想說(shuō)“下面是幾種常見(jiàn)的原因〞,所以選common用于指常常發(fā)生的情況,而popular是指大家都喜愛(ài)的,ordinary和average那么都是指沒(méi)什么特別的。
9.B
根據(jù)后文,本句是想說(shuō)某些人的名字太長(zhǎng)、太難不好記住,是一個(gè)too…to…的結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)“太……而不能……〞的意思。
10.A.根據(jù)上下文知道,本句是想說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)單明了的Madonna更容易記住。從本句中的plain一詞可以斷定不是想說(shuō)長(zhǎng)短,所以short和brief都不對(duì),而simple那么是與復(fù)雜相對(duì)立的,因此選用easy一詞與前句的difficult來(lái)對(duì)應(yīng),后一句話(huà)中的easiertoremember也可以幫助我們選擇easy。
11.D
此題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能表示目的,但各有不同,aim是偏重于想要取得的目標(biāo);end往往表示最終目的,而且常常用于指與手段相對(duì)應(yīng)的目的;goal那么更多的是指?jìng)€(gè)人或者某群體決心要到達(dá)的目標(biāo),通常指一般的趨勢(shì)或方向而沒(méi)有最終的具體目標(biāo);而purpose那么主要是指所向往的結(jié)果,是行為、行動(dòng)的緣由。
12.A根據(jù)前一句中的marketingpurposes一詞可以判斷此旬是想說(shuō)把名字改成在市場(chǎng)上更好識(shí)記的,因此選market,而不是在某個(gè)國(guó)家、某部電影或者是某筆生意里更容易辨識(shí)。
13.B
根據(jù)前半句里的doesn'tsound可以判斷此處應(yīng)該選用sound來(lái)表示聽(tīng)上去怎樣,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)里的詞意上不恰當(dāng)。
14.A從后面一句可以推斷此句是想說(shuō)藝術(shù)家有時(shí)候根據(jù)自己所欣賞的人的名字給自己取筆名或藝名。如果用give一詞的話(huà)那么必須有themselves來(lái)作間接賓語(yǔ),不然就不是給他們自己取名字了。也不能用change,但如果是changeinto的話(huà)還可以表示把名字改成別的名字,而get那么是“獲得〞、“得到〞的意思,所以只能用choose來(lái)表示“選用〞的意思了。
15.C
本句是想說(shuō)為了不讓作品得不到出版的情況出現(xiàn)而取個(gè)男子的名字,因此選avoid。admit是成認(rèn)的意思,assure是確認(rèn)的意思,,affect那么是影響的意思。
+第十二篇
SportorSpectacle?
MuhammadAli1isprobablythemostfamoussportsfigureonearth:heisrecognizedoneverycontinentandbyallgenerations,Thediagnosisofhisillness--l—Parlonson’sdisease2afterhisretirementfuelledthedebateaboutthedangersofboxingandcriticism--2--thesport.That,plushisoutspokenopposition--3—women’sboxing,madepeoplewonderhowhewouldreactwhenoneofhisdaughtersdecidedtotake--4—thesport.HispresenceatLaila’sfirstprofessionalfight,--5--,seemedtobroadcastherfather'ssupport.OfcourseMuhammadAliwantedtowatchhisdaughterfight.Theringannouncerintroducedhimasthe"thegreatest"andashesatdownattheringsidethecrowdchanted.
Twenty-one-year-oldLaila'sdebutfightwasahugesuccessandtherewasasmuch
publicityforthefight--6--herfather'sfightsonceattracted.--7--,Laila'sopponentwasmuchweakerthanshewasandthefightlastedjust31seconds.Sincethen.Lailahaswonmostofherfightsbyknockingout3heropponent."Sheknows--8--she'sdoing,allfight,"saidonerefereeabouther."Sheknowsaboutmovingwell.Youcanseesomeofherdad'smoves."
LailaAli4wouldrathernotcompareherself--9--herfather.Shepreferstomakeherown--10--.Herfathersupportsherdecisiontoenterthesportbuthehasnotsparedherthedetailsofwhatcanhappen.Lailarealizesthatherfatherwantshertounderstandthe--11--possiblescenariotosee--l2--shestillwantstogoforwardwithit.Sheknowsshe'sgoingtogethithardattimes,thatshemaygetabrokennoseoraswollenface,butatleastsheispreparedforit.
Laila'sdecisiontostartboxing--l3--herfather’sstrugglewiththesymptomsofParkinson'sdiseasehasofcoursesparkedamixtureofdebateand--14--.ButLailaisafeistyanddeterminedindividualanditisthatasmuchasherfamouslastnamethathasmadeheramagnetforworldwidemediaattention.Ofcourse,the--l5--ontheboxingsceneofawomanwithherfamilyhistoryattractsevenmorequestionsaboutwhetherwomen'sboxingissportorspectacle.
詞匯:
spectaclen.場(chǎng)面;景象
recognizevt.賞識(shí);認(rèn)可
continentn.洲,大陸
diagnosisn.(醫(yī)學(xué))診斷法
retirementn.退役;、退休
fuelvt.激起,加強(qiáng),刺激
debaten.辯論;討論,
criticismn.批評(píng);批判;指責(zé)
outspokenadj.直言的
oppositionn.反對(duì)
reactvi.做出反響;回應(yīng)
presencen.出席;到場(chǎng)
broadcastvt.傳播(消息等)
ringn.拳擊臺(tái)
chantvi.(反復(fù)地、有節(jié)奏地)歡呼
debutn.(演員、運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng))首次亮相
publicityn.宣傳;公眾的注意
attractvt.吸引;引起注意
opponentn.對(duì)手;敵手
refereen.裁判員
comparevt.比較;對(duì)照
sparevt.省去,免除
scenarion.事態(tài);局面
swollenadj.腫起的;浮腫的
symptomn.病癥
sparkvt.導(dǎo)致,激起
feistyadj.個(gè)性強(qiáng)而好爭(zhēng)辯的
magnetn.有吸引力的人
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1.MuhammadAli:穆罕默德?阿里,世界上最偉大的拳擊運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)之一。1999年,他被?體育畫(huà)報(bào)?雜志評(píng)為本世紀(jì)最正確運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)。退出拳壇后,阿里一直致力于宗教、慈善事業(yè)和維護(hù)世界和平的工作,受到許多國(guó)家上至總統(tǒng)下至普通百姓的擁戴。然而,職業(yè)拳擊生涯中他頭部受到的29000屢次的重?fù)簦拱⒗镆恢憋柺芘两鹕C合癥的困擾。
2.Parkinson'sdisease:帕金森綜合癥,又稱(chēng)震顫麻痹,是一種中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)變性疾病,臨床表現(xiàn)有癲癇、偏癱、頭痛、共濟(jì)失調(diào)、眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙、言語(yǔ)不清、體位性低血壓、癡呆等。隨著病情的開(kāi)展,穿衣、洗臉、刷牙等日常生活活動(dòng)都出現(xiàn)困難。
3.knockout:(拳擊術(shù)語(yǔ))一拳擊倒
4.LailaAli:萊拉?阿里,拳王阿里與他第三任妻子的女兒,1999年9月進(jìn)入女子職業(yè)拳壇,并很快取得了較好的成績(jī)。他曾說(shuō):“我不像拿自己和父親作比較,我們是完全不同的。但有一點(diǎn),作為他的女兒,我自然會(huì)有一些獨(dú)特的拳擊技術(shù),這是別人不可能具備的。在現(xiàn)階段,我認(rèn)為自己棒極了!''一些商家看中了這對(duì)拳壇父女的商業(yè)價(jià)值,最近,一家運(yùn)動(dòng)品牌就利用電腦技術(shù),讓阿里父女在拳臺(tái)上同場(chǎng)競(jìng)技。在這樣的比賽中,我們看到的,并不是勝負(fù),而是一種生命力的延續(xù)。
練習(xí):
1.
A)with
B)for
C)as
D)
2.
A)of
B)on
C)for
D)at
3.
A)on
B)to
C)with
D)at
4.
A)after
B)over
C)alongD)up
5.
A)therefore
B)however
C)accordingly
D)whereas.
.
6.。A)as
B)like
C)forD)to
7.
A)Luckily
B)Similarly
C)Undoubtedly
D)Unfortunately
8.
A)that
B)what
C)howD)why
9.
A)as
B)like
C)to
D)against
10.A)fight
B)name
C)success
D)image
11.A)better
B)best
C)worse
D)worst
12.A)if
B)that
C)what
D)how
13.A)inspite
B)spite
C)despite
D)despiteof
14.A)argument
B)criticism
C)quarrel
D)bickering
15.A)arrival
B)birth
C)departure
D)attention
答案與題解:
1.Cdiagnosisof…as把某種疾病診斷為……,類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)有regard…as,consider...a(chǎn)s和thinkof…as等。
2.A
此題是對(duì)語(yǔ)法的考查,criticize由動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~criticism,其邏輯上的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)由介詞of引導(dǎo)。
3.B考查介詞短語(yǔ)搭配,beopposedto和oppositionto,固定搭配。
4.Dtakeup是從事某種職業(yè),takeafter是與某人長(zhǎng)得相像,takeover是接手,takealong是隨身攜帶。
5.B根據(jù)上下文判斷,前面講拳王阿里反對(duì)女子從事拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)(hisoutspokenoppositionwomen'sboxing),隨后又講他親自出席女兒的首場(chǎng)比賽,明顯比照,故應(yīng)選however。
6.Aasmuch…as屬于固定搭配。
7.D首場(chǎng)比賽,備受媒體關(guān)注,不了比賽僅持續(xù)了31秒,難免令人失望,故應(yīng)選unfortunately,因觀眾難以目睹拳王女兒的風(fēng)采。
8.Bsheknowswhatshe’sdoing,此句型口語(yǔ)中較為常見(jiàn),如某人說(shuō)IknowwhatI’mdoing或IknowwhatI’mtalkingabout,那么表示說(shuō)話(huà)者本人對(duì)自己的言行很有信心。
9.C對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)compareAtoB的考查。前者有比作、比較的意思,后者表示把A和B作比較的意思。
10.Bmakeone’sownname表示成功、成名的意思。其他表示成功的短語(yǔ)還有makeit,口語(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)。答案Cmakeone’sownsuccess有中式英語(yǔ)Chinglish之嫌。
11.D考查上下文,下文中“abrokennoseoraswollenface〞暗示拳擊運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)受傷病困擾的苦惱,更不要說(shuō)拳王本身正受帕金森綜合癥的折磨。另外,possible一詞之前常出現(xiàn)形容詞最高級(jí)。綜合上文兩處的解釋?zhuān)瑆orst是最正確答案。
12.A
拳王說(shuō)明拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)可能會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的后果,意欲讓女兒白己決定“是否〞繼續(xù)
從事這項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
13.C此題考查易混淆短語(yǔ)inspiteof和介詞despite,多一個(gè)of或少一個(gè)of,都不對(duì)。
14.B對(duì)上下文的考查,文中第一段就有"fuelledthedebateaboutthedangersofboxingandCRITICISMofthesport〞。
15.A對(duì)上下文的考查,文中屢次提及拳王女兒是初登拳壇,如第一段中“HispresenceatLaila’sFIRST
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