歷年四級(jí)真題解析

word格式，下載后可自由編輯PAGE文檔來(lái)自535600147歷年四級(jí)真題解析歷年四級(jí)真題解析PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Neon(霓虹)istoHongKongasredphoneboothsaretoLondonandfogistoSanFrancisco.Whennightfalls,redandblueandothercolors26ahazy(霧蒙蒙的)glowoveracitylitupbytensofthousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemaregoingdark,27bymorepractical,butlessromantic,LEDs(發(fā)光二極管).Changingbuildingcodes,evolvingtastes,andthehighcostofmaintainingthosewonderfuloldsignshavebusinessesembracingLEDs,whichareenergy28,butstillcarrygreatcost."Tome,neonrepresentsmemoriesofthepast,"saysphotographerSharonBlance,whoseseriesHongKongNeoncelebratesthecity'sfamoussigns."LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazement,mixedwithsadness."Buildinganeonsignisanartpracticedby29trainedonthejobtomoldglasstubesinto30shapesandletters.Theyfillthesetubeswithgasesthatglowwhen31.Neonmakesorange,whileothergasesmakeyelloworblue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.BlancespentaweekinHongKongand32morethan60signs;22ofthemappearintheseriesthatcapturethesignslightinguplonelystreets—an33thatmakesiteasytoadmiretheircolorsandcraftsmanship."Ilovethebeautiful,handcrafted,old-fashioned34ofneon,"saysBlance.Thesignsdonothingmorethan35arestaurant,theater,orotherbusiness,butdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.A)alternativeB)approachC)castD)challengingE)decorativeF)efficientG)electrifiedH)identifyI)photographedJ)professionalsK)qualityL)replacedM)stimulateN)symbolizesO)volunteersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.NewJerseySchoolDistrictEasesPressureonStudents—BaringanEthnicDivideA)Thisfall,DavidAderhold,thechiefofahigh-achievingschooldistrictnearPrinceton,NewJersey,sentparentsanalarming16letter.Theschooldistrict,hesaid,wasfacingacrisis.Itsstudentswereoverburdenedandstressedout,havingtocopewithtoomuchworkandtoomanydemands.Inthepreviousschoolyear,120middleandhighschoolstudentswererecommendedformentalhealthassessmentsand40werehospitalized.Andonasurveyadministeredbythedistrict,studentswrotethingslike,"Ihategoingtoschool,"and"Comingoutof12yearsinthisdistrict,Ihavelearnedonething:thatagrade,apercentageorevenapointistobevaluedoveranythingelse."B)Withhisletter,AderholdinsertedWestWindsor-PlainsboroRegionalSchoolDistrictintoanationaldiscussionabouttheintensefocusonachievementateliteschools,andwhetherithasgonetoofar.Atfollow-upmeetings,heurgedparentstojoinhiminadvocatinga"wholechild"approachtoschoolingthatrespects"social-emotionaldevelopment"and"deepandmeaningfullearning"overacademicsalone.Thealternative,hesuggested,wastofacetheprospectofbecominganotherPaloAlto,California,whereoutsizestressonteenagestudentsisbelievedtohavecontributedtoanumberofsuicidesinthelastsixyears.C)Butinsteadofbringingfamiliestogether,Aderhold'sletterrevealedadivideinthedistrict,whichhas9,700students,andonethatbrokedownroughlyalongraciallines.OnonesidearewhiteparentslikeCatherineFoley,aformerpresidentoftheParent-Teacher-StudentAssociationatherdaughter'smiddleschool,whohascometoseethedistrict'sincreasinglypressuredatmosphereasopposedtolearning."Mysonwasinfourthgradeandtoldme,'I'mnotgoingtoamounttoanythingbecauseIhavenothingtoputonmyresume,'"shesaid.OntheothersideareparentslikeMikeJia,oneofthethousandsofAsian-Americanprofessionalswhohavemovedtothedistrictinthepastdecade,whosaidAderhold'sreformswouldamounttoa"dumbingdown"ofhischildren'seducation."Whatishappeningherereflectsanationalanti-intellectualtrendthatwillnotprepareourchildrenforthefuture,"Jiasaid.D)About10minutesfromPrincetonandanhourandahalffromNewYorkCity,WestWindsorandPlainsborohavebecomepopularbedroomcommunitiesfortechnologyentrepreneurs,researchersandengineers,drawninlargepartbythepublicschools.Fromthelastthreegraduatingclasses,16seniorswereadmittedtoMIT.ItproducesScienceOlympiadwinners,classicallytrainedmusiciansandstudentswithperfectSATscores.E)ThedistricthasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithimmigrantfamiliesfromChina,IndiaandKorea.Thisyear,65percentofitsstudentsareAsian-American,comparedwith44percentin2007.ManyofthemarethefirstintheirfamiliesbornintheUnitedStates.Theyhavehadagrowinginfluenceonthedistrict.Asian-Americanparentsareenthusiasticsupportersofthecompetitiveinstrumentalmusicprogram.Theyhavebeenhugesupportersofthedistrict'sadvancedmathematicsprogram,whichoncebeganinthefourthgradebutwillnowstartinthesixth.Thechangetotheprogram,inwhich90percentoftheparticipatingstudentsareAsian-American,isoneofAderhold'sreforms.F)Asian-Americanstudentshavebeeneagerparticipantsinastateprogramthatpermitsthemtotakesummerclassesoffcampusforhighschoolcredit,allowingthemtomaximizethenumberofhonorsandAdvancedPlacementclassestheycantake,anotherpracticethatAderholdislimitingthisschoolyear.WithmanyAsian-Americanchildrenattendingsupplementaryinstructionalprograms,thereisaperceptionamongsomewhitefamiliesthattheelementaryschoolcurriculumisbeingspeduptoaccommodatethem.G)BothAsian-Americanandwhitefamiliessaythetensionbetweenthetwogroupshasgrownsteadilyoverthepastfewyears,asthenumberofAsianfamilieshasrisen.ButthedivisionhasbecomemoreobviousinrecentmonthsasAderholdhasmadechanges,includingno-homeworknights,anendtohighschoolmidtermsandfinals,andaninitiativethatmadeiteasiertoparticipateinthemusicprogram.H)JenniferLee,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andanauthoroftheAsianAmericanAchievementParadox,saysmisunderstandingbetweenfirst-generationAsian-Americanparentsandthosewhohavebeeninthiscountrylongerarecommon.Whatwhitemiddle-classparentsdonotalwaysunderstand,shesaid,ishowmuchpressurerecentimmigrantsfeeltoboosttheirchildrenintothemiddleclass."Theydon'thavethesamechancestogettheirchildreninternships(實(shí)習(xí)職位)orjobsatlawfirms,"Leesaid."Sowhattheybelieveisthattheirchildrenmustexcelandbeattheirwhitepeersinacademicsettingssotheyhavethesamechancestoexcellater."I)TheissueofthestressesfeltbystudentsineliteschooldistrictshasgainedattentioninrecentyearsasschoolsinplaceslikeNewton,Massachusetts,andPaloAltohavereportedanumberofsuicides.WestWindsor-Plainsborohasnothadateenagesuicideinrecentyears,butAderhold,whohasworkedinthedistrictforsevenyearsandbeenchiefforthelastthreeyears,saidhehadseentroublingsigns.Inarecentartassignments,amiddleschoolstudentdepicted(描繪)anoverburdenedchildwhowasbeingscoldedforearninganA,ratherthananA+,onamathexam.Intheimage,themotherscoldsthestudentwiththewords,"Shameonyou!"Further,hesaid,theNewJerseyEducationDepartmenthasflaggedatleasttwopiecesofwritingonstateEnglishlanguageassessmentsinwhichstudentsexpressedsuicidalthoughts.J)Thesurveycommissionedbythedistrictfoundthat68percentofhighschoolhonorandAdvancedPlacementstudentsreportedfeelingstressedaboutschool"alwaysormostofthetime.""Weneedtobringbacksomebalance,"Aderholdsaid."Youdon'twanttowaituntilit'stoolatetodosomething."K)Notallpublicopinionhasfallenalongraciallines.KarenSue,theChinese-Americanmotherofafifth-graderandaneighth-grader,believesthecompetitionwithinthedistricthasgottenoutofcontrol.Sue,whowasbornintheUnitedStatestoimmigrantparents,wantsherpeerstodialitback."It'sbecomeanarmsrace,aneducationalarmsrace,"shesaid."Weallwantourkidstoachieveandbesuccessful.Thequestionis,atwhatcost?"36.Aderholdislimitingtheextraclassesthatstudentsareallowedtotakeoffcampus.37.WhiteandAsian-AmericanparentsrespondeddifferentlytoAderhold'sappeal.38.Suicidalthoughtshaveappearedinsomestudents'writings.39.Aderhold'sreformoftheadvancedmathematicsprogramwillaffectAsian-Americanstudentsmost.40.Aderholdappealedforparents'supportinpromotinganall-rounddevelopmentofchildren,insteadoffocusingonlyontheiracademicperformance.41.OneChinese-Americanparentthinksthecompetitioninthedistricthasgonetoofar.42.Immigrantparentsbelievethatacademicexcellencewillallowtheirchildrenequalchancestosucceedinthefuture.43.ManybusinessmenandprofessionalshavemovedtoWestWindsorandPlainsborobecauseofthepublicschoolsthere.44.AnumberofstudentsinAderhold'sschooldistrictwerefoundtohavestress-inducedmentalhealthproblems.45.ThetensionbetweenAsian-Americanandwhitefamilieshasincreasedinrecentyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse."Whileweteach,welearn,"saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They'redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids.Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings(兄弟姐妹).ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe"teachableagent"—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(動(dòng)畫(huà)的)figurecalledBetty'sBrain,whohasbeen"taught"aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors'learning.Theagents'questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it'stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse'saccomplishment.46.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?A)Seneca'sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.B)Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.C)Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.D)Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.47.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty'sBrain?A)Itisacharacterinapopularanimation.B)Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.C)Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.D)Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.48.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?A)Itmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.B)Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.C)Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.D)Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.49.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?A)Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.B)Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.C)Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.D)Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.50.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors'learning?A)Theirsenseofresponsibility.B)Theiremotionalinvolvement.C)Thelearningstrategyacquired.D)Theteachingexperiencegained.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewbatchofyoungwomen—membersoftheso-calledMillennial(千禧的)generation—hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen—orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit'seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey'renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennials(ages18-32),conductedOct.7-27,2013.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaman'sworld—justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.51.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?A)Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.B)TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.C)Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.D)Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.52.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?A)Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.B)Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.D)Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.53.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?A)Asenseofaccomplishment.B)Jobstabilityandflexibility.C)Rewardsandpromotions.D)Joyderivedfromwork.54.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?A)Thewelfareoftheirchildren.B)Thenarrowingofthegendergap.C)Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.55.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?A)Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.B)Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.C)Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.D)Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.近年來(lái)，中國(guó)有越來(lái)越多的城市開(kāi)始建設(shè)地鐵。發(fā)展地鐵有助于減少城市的交