2022考研英語4月份測(cè)試卷

2022考研英語4月份測(cè)試卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(20points)

IntheongoingbattlebetweenTigerMoms,FrenchMamas,andeveryone

elsewhowantstoknowhowbesttoraisetheirkids,anewstudy

adds1thattheextremeTiger-stylemaydomoreharmthangood.

Authoritarianparentsaremorelikelytoendupwithdisrespectful

childrenwho2indelinquentbehaviors,thestudyfound,3to

parentswholistentotheirkidswiththegoalofgainingtrust.Itwas

thefirststudytolookathowparentingstyles4thewayteensview

theirparentsand5,howtheybehave.

Thestudyconsideredthreegeneralstylesofparenting.Authoritative

parentsaredemandingandcontrolling6alsobeingwarm

and7totheirchildrenneeds.

Authoritarianparents,8,aredemandingandcontrollingwithout

thosecompassionatelayersofcaring,attachmentandreceptiveness.They

takea“mywayorthehighway"9totheirkids.

Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptive103

butthey11fewboundariesandenforcefewrules.

Usingdataonnearly600kidsfromanongoingstudyofmiddleschool

andhighschoolstudentsinNewHampshire,researchersfromthe

UniversityofNewHampshirewereabletolink“mywayorthehighway”

parenting12moredelinquencyinkids-13inbehaviorslike

shop-lifting,substanceabuseandattackingsomeoneelsewith

the14ofhurtingorkilling.

Firmbutlovingparenting,ontheotherhand,ledtofewer

transgression.Permissiveparenting,15didn"tseemtomakemuchof

adifferenceeitherway.

To16thelinkbetweenparentingstyleandbehaviorinkids,the

researcherssuggestthatwhatmattersmostishow“l(fā)egitimate”kids

thinktheirparents'authorityis.This17oflegitimacycomes

whenkidstrustthattheirparentsaremakingthebestdecisionsfor

themandbelievethattheyneedtodowhattheirparents

say18theydon'talwayslikehowtheirparentsaretreatingthem.

Whenkids19theauthorityoftheirparents,theresearchers

reportedintheJournalofAdolescence,theirbehavioris

better.20researchhasalsolinkedfirmbutcaringparentingwith

kidswhohavemoreself-controlandself-reliance.

l.[A]guidance[B]implication[C]judgment[D]evidence[單選題]*

ABCD（正確答案）

2.[A]engage[B]occupy[C]reserve[D]absorb[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

3.[A]associated[B]connected[C]compared[D]subjected[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

4.[A]reduce[B]affect[C]reflect[D]check[單選題]*

AB（正1CD

5.fAlinfact[B]inaddition[C]inturn[D]inbrief[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

6.fA]while[B]whereas[C]once[D]unless[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

7.[A]resistant[B]productive[C]immune[D]sensitive[單選題]*

ABCD（正確答案）

8.fA]bycontrastfB]ingeneralfC]atlength[DIonaverage[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

9.fA]trend[B]approach[C]fashion[D]access[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

10.[Aldemands[Blstandards[Clqualities[DIthreats[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

11.[A]tracefB]replace[C]define[D]allow[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

12.[A]with[B]forfC]among[D]on[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

13.[A]characterized[B]measuredfC]balanced[D]divided[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

14.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention[單選題]*

ABCD

15.[A]sadlyfB]surprisingly[C]surely[D]fortunately[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

16.[A]explain[Bloverstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

17.[A]state[B]result[Cleffect[D]sense[單選題]*

ABCD（正確答案）

18.[A]exceptthat[B]sothat[C]eveniffD]suchthat[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

19.[A]admire[B]resent[C]respect[D]deny[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

20.[A]Subsequent[B]Previous[C]Present[D]Prevalent[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiod

oflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickII

inthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwould

speakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackof

languagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthe

firstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,some

childrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotheris

insensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguage

rapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimefbracquiringskillspasses

andtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyat

therighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstant

age,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsout

tobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelve

monthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonths

hehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhich

hecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyle

ratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatis

specialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystem

whichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesound

pattern"toy-bear."Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutan

orderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineand

recombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherand

thechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild'sbabbling,graspingand

smiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullsthe

interactionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.

Sensitivitytothechild'snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentof

language.

21.ThepurposeofFrederickH'sexperimentwas.

[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak

[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech

[C]tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak

[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage

[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

22.ThereasonsomechiIdrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobabIy

that.

[A]theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly

[B]theyareexposedtotoomuchIanguageatonce

[C]theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak

[D]theirmothersarenotintelIigentenoughtoheIpthem[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

23.IfachildstartstospeakIaterthanothers,hewiIIinfuture

[A]haveahighIQ

[B]belessinteIIigent

[C]beinsensitivetoverbaIsignaIs

[D]notnecessarilybebackward[單選題]*

ABCD（正確答案）

24.WhatisexceptionallyremarkabIeaboutachildisthat.

[A]heisbornwiththecapacitytospeak

[B]hehasabrainmorecompIexthanananimaTs

[C]hecanproducehisownsentences

[D]heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

25.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]ThefacuItyofspeechisinborninman.

[B]EncouragementisanythingbutessentiaItoachildinIanguage

learning.

[C]ThechildJsbrainishighlyselective.

[D]MostchiIdrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

Text2

Anewsortofconveniencestoreopenedinthebasementoftheheadquartersof

AmazoninSeattleinJanuary.Customerswalkin,scantheirphones,pickwhattheywant

offtheshelvesandwalkoutagain.AtAmazonGotherearenocheckoutsandnocashiers.

Instead,itiswhatthetechgiantcalls“justwalkout”shopping,madepossiblebyanew

generationofmachinesthatcansensewhichcustomerisandwhattheyarepickingoff

theshelves.Withinaminuteortwooftheshopperleavingthestore,areceiptpopsupon

theirphoneforitemstheyhavebought.

Thisistheshapeofthingstocomeinfoodretailing.Technologicalchangeis

happeningfastandithaseconomic,socialandethicalramifications.Thereisadownside

toAmazonGo,eventhoughconsumersbenefitfromlowerpricesanddon'twastetimein

queues.Thestoreisonlyopentoshopperswhocandownloadanappontheirsmartphone,

whichrulesoutthosewhorelyonwelfarefoodstamps.

Changeisalwaysdisruptivebuttheupheavallikelyasaresultofthenextwaveof

automationwillbeespeciallymarked.Driverlesscars,forinstance,arepossiblebecause

intelligentmachinescansenseandhaveconversationswitheachother.Theycando

things一orwilleventuallybeabletodothings-thatwereoncetheexclusivepreserveof

humans.Thatmeanshighergrowthbutalsotheriskthattheownersofthemachinesget

richerandricherwhilethosedisplacedgetangrierandangrier.

Theexperienceofpastindustrialrevolutionssuggeststhatresistingtechnological

changeisfutile.Nor,giventhatautomationofferssometangiblebenefits——inmobility

fortheelderlyandinhealthcare,forinstance-isitthecleverestofresponses.

Thebigissueisnotwhethertherobotsarecoming,becausetheyare.Itisnoteven

whethertheywillboostgrowth,becausetheywill.OnsomeestimatestheUKeconomy

willbe10%biggerby2030astheresultofartificialintelligencealone.Theissueisnot

oneofproductionbutofdistribution,ofwhetherthereisaScandinavian-stylesolutionto

thechallengesofthemachineage.

Insomeways,thedebatethatwastakingplacebetweenthetechindustry,politicians

andacademicsinDavoslastweekwassimilartothatwhichsurroundedglobalizationin

theearly1990s.Backthen,itwasacceptedthatfreemovementofgoods,peopleand

moneyaroundtheworldwouldcreatelosersaswellaswinners,butprovidedthelosers

wereadequatelycompensated-eitherthroughreskilling,bettereducation,orastronger

socialsafetynet-allwouldbewell.

26.TheoperationofujustwaIkout“shoppingisreaIized.

[A]forthesakeofsavingmoney

[B]withtheheIpofsmartmachines

[C]outofthecharitableimpulse

[D]atthemercyofrobotowners[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

27.WhichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofAmazonGo?

[A]Restrictionsonpaymentmethods

[B]Higherpricingandlowerefficiency

[C]Ethicalmisconductsofshoppers

[D]LackofcashiercounseIing[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

28.Aspointedoutinthetext,thedisruptiveupheavaIwouId,

[A]eventuaIIydisplacehumans

[B]takeaccountofthejobless

[C]focusondriverlesscars

[D]producemixedresuIts[單選題]*

ABCD（正確答案）

29.Theauthorsuggeststhat,infaceofthechaIIengesfromthemachine

age,weshouId.

[A]embracechangesreadily

[B]adoptawait-and-seeattitude

[C]gainaccesstoconcretebenefits

[D]becomeresistanttotheissue[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

30.IntheIastparagraph,theauthorshowshisgreatinterestin

[A]thedignityofwinners

[B]thewin-windebate

[C]theweII-beingoflosers

[D]thestrengthofsafetynet[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

Text3

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic

managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoiling

isdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andby

psychologistsand“human-relations“experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthat

manhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkand

thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecome

economicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucratic

management.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselves

outofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfaction

orinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamental

realitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductive

humanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessempty

thanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyare

inahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybut

evenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedfor

intelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.From

thatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,fbrwhomtestingis

abigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacityto

getalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone's

fellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessand

illness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionorto

nineteenth-century“freeenterprise^^capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolved

byreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocial

systemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionand

consumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfull

developmentofhispotentialities一thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocial

arrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,and

shouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

31.By“aweIl-oiledcoginthemachinery”,theauthorintendsto

rendertheideathatmanis.

[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividuaIJsfunction

isnegIigible

[B]workingincompIeteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,

thoughfunctioningsmoothIy

[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothIy

[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

32.ThereaIcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandempIoyeesisthat

[A]theyareIikeIytolosetheirjobs

[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinIife

[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentaIreaIitiesofhumanexistence

[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence[單選題]*

ABCD（正確答案）

33.FromthepassagewecaninferthatreaIhappinessofIifebeIongsto

those.

[A]whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworId

[B]whoarehigherupintheirsociaIstatus

[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

[D]whoareatthebottomofthesociety[單選題]*

A（正確答案）BCD

34.TosoIvethepresentsociaIproblems,theauthorsuggeststhatwe

should.

[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

[C]enabIemantofullydeveIophispotentialities

[D]takethefundamentaIreaIitiesforgranted[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof

[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction[C]suspicion[D]tolerance[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

Text4

Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedinseeing

toitthatallchildren,whatevertheirbackground,werefairlytreated,intelligencetesting

becameunpopular.Somethoughtitwasunfairtominoritychildren.Throughthepastfew

decadessuchtestinghasgoneoutoffashionandmanycommunitieshaveindeed

forbiddenit.

However,paradoxically,justrecentlyagroupofblackparentsfiledalawsuitin

Californiaclaimingthatthestate'sbanonIQtestingdiscriminatesagainsttheirchildren

bydenyingthemtheopportunitytotakethetest.（Theybelieved,correctly,thatIQtests

areavalidmethodofevaluatingchildrenforspecialeducationclasses.）Thejudge,

therefore,reversed,atleastpartially,hisoriginaldecision.

Andsotheargumentgoesonandon.Doesitbenefitorharmchildrenfromminority

groupstohavetheirintelligencetested?Wehavealwaysbeenonthesideofpennitting,

evenfacilitating,suchtesting.Ifachildofanycolororgroupisdoingpoorlyinschoolit

seemstousveryimportanttoknowwhetheritisbecauseheorsheisoflowintelligence,

orwhethersomeotherfactoristhecause.Whatschoolandfamilycandotoimprove

poorperformanceisinfluencedbyitscause.Itisnotdiscriminativetoevaluateeithera

child'sphysicalconditionorhisintellectuallevel.

Unfortunately,intellectuallevelseemstobeasensitivesubject,andwhatthelaw

allowsustodovariesfromtimetotime.Thesamefluctuationbackandforthoccursin

areasotherthanintelligence.Thirtyyearsorsoago,forinstance,whitefamilieswere

encouragedtoadoptblackchildren.Itwasconsidereddiscriminativenottodoso.And

thenthestylechangedandthiscross-racialadoptingbecamegenerallyunpopular,and

socialagenciesfeltthatblackchildrenshouldgotoblackfamiliesonly.Itishardtosay

whatarethebestprocedures.Butsurelygoodwillonthepartofallofusisneeded.

Astointelligence,inouropinion,themoreweknowaboutanychild'sintellectual

level,thebetterforthechildinquestion.

36.Whydidtheintelligencetestbecomeunpopularinthepastfewdecades?

[A]Itsvaliditywaschallengedbymanycommunities.

[B]Itwasconsidereddiscriminativeagainstminoritychildren.

[C]Itmetwithstrongoppositionfromthemajorityofblackparents.

[D]Itdeprivedtheblackchildrenoftheirrightstoagoodeducation.[單選題]*

AB（正確答案）CD

37.TherecentlegalactiontakenbysomeblackparentsinCaliforniaaimedto.

[A]drawpublicattentiontoIQtesting

[B]putanendtospecialeducation

[C]removethestate'sbanonintelligencetests

[D]havetheirchildrenenterwhiteschools[單選題]*

ABC（正確答案）D

38.Theauthorbelievesthatintelligencetesting.

[A]mayeaseracialconfrontationintheUnitedStates

[B]canencourageblackchildrentokeepup