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2023年考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonA(yù)NSWERSHEET1.(10points)Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat(yī)2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedMuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhat(yī)heisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelat(yī)ed.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimat(yī)ely18.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniquee(cuò)volutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]common[C]mean[D]calculat(yī)ing10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompat(yī)ible[C]inevitable[D]continuous
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Whilestillcat(yī)ching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork''sVeteran''sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthat(yī)sexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemalerat(yī)shadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman''sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreasedopportunitiesforstress.It''snotnecessarilythatwomendon''tcopeaswell.It''sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,saysDr.Yehuda.Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen''s,sheobserves,It''sjustthatthey''redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeat(yī)ednat(yī)ure.Mengotowarandaree(cuò)xposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenaree(cuò)xposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelat(yī)ionshipscanbequitedevastating.AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwaddeterminedtofinishcollege.Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrat(yī)ionthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.Laterhermarriagee(cuò)ndedandshebecameasinglemother.It''sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.Noteveryonee(cuò)xperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligat(yī)ions,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez''sexperiencedemonstrat(yī)estheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreat(yī)ensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.[B]Wo(hù)menarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinat(yī)ionswhenfacedwithstress.22.Dr.Yehuda''sresearchsuggeststhatwomen[A]Nee(cuò)dextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.[B]Havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.[C]Aremorecapableofavoidingstress.[D]Areexposedtomorestress.23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe[A]domesticandtemporary.[B]irregularandviolent.[C]durableandfrequent.[D]trivialandrandom.24.ThesentenceIlivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.(Line6,Para.5)showsthat[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.[B]Alvarez''ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut?[B]ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference[C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay[D]GenderInequality:Wo(hù)menUnderStress?
Text2Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaborat(yī)orywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthorsnamesandaffiliat(yī)ionsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinA(yù)ustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat(yī).Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedat(yī)between$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemaininstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizat(yī)ionssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublicat(yī)ion.27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?[A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublicat(yī)ion.[C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.[D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.28.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat[A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.[B]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.[C]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.[D]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto[A]coverthecostofitspublication.[B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit.[C]allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.[D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?[A]TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.[B]Anewmodeofpublicat(yī)ionisemerging.[C]Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.[D]Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.
Text3Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociat(yī)ion(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today''speople-especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.Inthegeneralpopulat(yī)iontoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we''veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight-5′9〞formen,5′4〞forwomen-hasn''treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebee(cuò)nuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon''texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistat(yī)theArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto[A]illustrat(yī)ethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S……[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.32.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?[A]Geneticmodification.[B]Naturalenvironment.[C]Livingstandards.[D]Dailyexercise.33.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.[B]Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.[C]Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.[D]Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.34.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture[A]thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.[B]thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.[C]genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.[D]theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.35.Thetextintendstotellusthat[A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.[B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.[C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.[D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.?
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PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoingalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,standup,orliedowntowrite.(41)Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext,butdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounow,workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,andspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors.(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,and,ifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhere,youwillnitloseanywritingontheotherside.Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44)Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevision.Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatinunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote:TheA&PasaStateofMindwiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.(45)Rememberthat(yī)yourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes-andthenagain-workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape.[A]Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothat(yī)youcaneasilyaddwords,sentences,andcorrections.Writeononlyonesideofthepaper.Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaper,payparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It''sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression.[C]It'sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems.[D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,justsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.[E]Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,whichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy'sdecisiontoquithisjob.Insteadofincludingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbedresponsetothegirlssothat(yī)shecouldleaduptotheA&Ppolicyheenforces.[F]InthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettinginA&P,thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel'sstorepolicies.[G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon'tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.?PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslat(yī)ionshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Hedisclaimedhepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.(47)Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonfeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedasextensive,buthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.(48)Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.This,hethought,couldnotbetrue,becausetheOriginofSpeciesisonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheend,andhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noone,hesubmits,couldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.HewaswillingtoassertthatIhaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseorjudgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigherdegree.(49)Headdshumblythatperhapshewassuperiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully.Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthree(cuò)respectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykidsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerly,too,pictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat(yī),delight.In1881,however,hesaid:NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.(50)Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.
SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto1)makeanapology,and2)suggestasolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonA(yù)NSWERSHEET2.(20points)2023年碩士研究生考試英語(yǔ)真題詳解(注:答案來(lái)自萬(wàn)學(xué)海文)完型填空1、答案:B解析:本題測(cè)試語(yǔ)義邏輯銜接?!皊elected”意為“挑選”;“prepared”意為“準(zhǔn)備”;“obliged”意為“迫使,責(zé)成”;“pleased”意為“快樂地,滿足地”,前一句“人們不敢說”,本句中由“but”一詞可推出意思與上句相反,即“Cochran準(zhǔn)備說”,所以選B.2、答案:D解析:本題測(cè)試詞義辨析。“unique”意為“唯一的,獨(dú)特的”;“particular”意為“特殊的,獨(dú)特的”;“special”意為“特別的,特殊的”;“rare”意為“稀罕的,珍貴的”,rarebird意為“稀有的人”,空格相關(guān)意思是“只有Cochra準(zhǔn)備說”,并且“rarebird”是固定搭配,所以選D3、答案:A解析:本題測(cè)試介詞的語(yǔ)意搭配,independentlyof意為“不依賴于,獨(dú)立”,所以選A4、答案:C解析:本題測(cè)試詞義辨析。由“actually”推出本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在和以前對(duì)疾病見解的對(duì)比,所以選C5、答案:C解析:本題測(cè)試副詞的用法及語(yǔ)段的連貫性。Even做限度副詞,表達(dá)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,意為“即使他自己也…”.所以選C6、答案:A解析:本題測(cè)試詞義搭配??崭裣嚓P(guān)意思是“一想到他即將要做的,即使他自己也….”“Atthoughtof”意為“一看到…”;at(yī)sightof意為年“一看見”;atcostof意為“以…的代價(jià)”;atriskof意為“冒著….的危險(xiǎn)”,所以選A7、答案:B解析:本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞辨析。advice意為“建議”;suggest意為“建議,提出’”;protest“主張,斷言”;object“反對(duì)”,此句指“在論文中,他建議…”,所以選B8、答案:D解析:本題測(cè)試詞組搭配,inprogress意為“進(jìn)行中”;infact意為“事實(shí)上”;inneed意為“在危難中”;inquestion意為“正在被討論的”,前一句正在談?wù)摗癵roup群體”,本句銜接上一句表達(dá)“正在被討論的這個(gè)群體”,所以選D9.答案:B解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞辨析。從該句中的12-15points可知,前面的動(dòng)詞是與分?jǐn)?shù)相關(guān)的。score的意思是得分,打分,而其他三項(xiàng)沒有這層意思。故答案為B。10.答案:C解析:本題考察形容詞辨析。文中提到這組人IQ測(cè)試得分比100分高12-15分,按照常識(shí),100分是平均分,mean的意思是平均的。所以答案為C。11.答案:B解析:本題考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和副詞辨析。disproportionately的意思是不成比例地,不相稱地,比例太大(或太小的)。這句話要傳達(dá)的意思是這組人做奉獻(xiàn)的比例非常大,故答案選B。12.答案:D解析:本題考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和名詞辨析。as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句用一些精英(涉及科學(xué)家)的職業(yè)證明前面提到的這組人所做的奉獻(xiàn)非常大,caree(cuò)r的意思是職業(yè),事業(yè),符合此意,故選D。13.答案:A解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)[A]affirm意為確認(rèn),肯定,符合題意。而[B]witness常用作及物動(dòng)詞,表達(dá)見證,表白;[C]observe,表達(dá)觀測(cè),評(píng)論,以人作主語(yǔ);[D]意思為批準(zhǔn),通過的意思,也是人作主語(yǔ)。故答案為A。14.答案:C解析:本題考察邏輯關(guān)系。前文同時(shí)敘述了關(guān)于這組人的兩種現(xiàn)象,這兩種現(xiàn)象明顯是有關(guān)聯(lián)的,但是這句話說到先前人們認(rèn)為兩者沒有關(guān)系,上下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選C。15.答案:D解析:本題考察固定搭配。getdownto的意思是歸因于,符合句意。而giveupto的意思是讓給,getoverto的意思是讓某人明白某事,carryon的意思是繼續(xù)開展,堅(jiān)持,均不合題意。故答案為D。16.答案:D解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞辨析。此處要傳達(dá)的意思是重視教育的傳統(tǒng),只有[D]valuing符合題意。17.答案:C解析:本題考察名詞辨析。此句的意思是后者是由geneticisolation導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果,consequence的意思是結(jié)果,后果,故答案為C。18.答案:A解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞辨析。此句Dr.Cochran的觀點(diǎn)是這兩者是密切關(guān)聯(lián)的。link表達(dá)兩者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系;integrate表達(dá)兩者結(jié)合為一個(gè)整體;wave表達(dá)兩者交織在一起;combine表達(dá)兩者結(jié)合。只有l(wèi)ink符合題意。故選A。19.答案:B解析:本題考察動(dòng)詞辨析。subjectto意為使…經(jīng)受或遭受;limitto表達(dá)限制;convertto表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)變;directto表達(dá)指向。本句的意思是說這些人不同尋常的歷史使他們經(jīng)受了獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力,只有B符合題意。20.答案:A解析:本題考察形容詞辨析。此處要傳達(dá)的意思是獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力導(dǎo)致了這種似乎矛盾的狀況。paradoxical表達(dá)似乎矛盾的,似是而非的;incompat(yī)ible表達(dá)不兼容的,不協(xié)調(diào)的;inevitable表達(dá)不可避免的;continuous表達(dá)連續(xù)的。只有A符合題意。閱讀理解PartAPassageone21.A題目問的是通過對(duì)前兩段的了解選出對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。通過對(duì)原文的了解可知,文章前兩段重要描寫男女由于生理上的差異,所以也許在相同的情況下,女性也許更容易在壓力下產(chǎn)生焦急和沮喪。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不符合文意,B項(xiàng)所指的女性遭受壓力多來(lái)自男性偏離文章線索。C項(xiàng)所說的女性相比男性更有解決壓力的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也是斷章取義。D選項(xiàng)只是單純描述男女之間在面對(duì)壓力的差異,與中心偏離。22.DDr.Ychuda的研究中指出,女性事實(shí)上或許更善于容忍壓力,是由于面對(duì)的壓力比男性要多得多,所以才容易在壓力面前表現(xiàn)出焦急。A項(xiàng)意思錯(cuò)誤,文章含義是指其由于身體所具有的化學(xué)物質(zhì)而更易焦急。B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在文中第三段第三行所提的女性容忍壓力的能力或許比男性要更好。23.C第四段中指出,女性面臨的壓力大多來(lái)自家庭內(nèi)部并且時(shí)常發(fā)生,并非如男性所面臨的壓力大多是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和具有偶爾性的動(dòng)態(tài)情況中。C選項(xiàng)中的“持久性”和“頻繁性”符合文意。A項(xiàng)意思是“家庭內(nèi)部的”和“暫時(shí)性的”,B項(xiàng)是“不規(guī)則型的”和“暴力性的”,D項(xiàng)是“瑣碎的”和“偶爾的”。24.B句子意思是指“我活在不斷的支付支票生活中”。從文中我們可以看出,由于是單身母親,Alvarez面臨很大的生存壓力,付房租,支付用車花銷,償還貸款等。只有B項(xiàng)中所指的她的薪水幾乎不能滿足平常生活開銷符合文意。25.D由于性別上的差異,女性在壓力面前的重要表現(xiàn)。A項(xiàng)過于寬泛,離開了文中關(guān)于性別之間討論的中心。C項(xiàng)只是文章中的一個(gè)具體知識(shí)點(diǎn),不能概括文章所有內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)只是單純指出了男女在壓力面前的差異,但沒有注意文章中側(cè)重女性壓力前表現(xiàn)的文意。Passagetwo26.B解析:本題考察的是考生對(duì)第一段的理解。根據(jù)文章,第一段作者說到,實(shí)驗(yàn)室把他們的研究結(jié)果遞交刊物,刊物的編輯在隱去作者姓名及相關(guān)信息后把論文遞交給編審,根據(jù)審查結(jié)果或出版或拒絕出版此篇論文。版權(quán)由雜志社保存。研究者必須訂閱雜志才干查找此研究結(jié)果的相關(guān)文章。很明顯,此段講述的是實(shí)驗(yàn)室報(bào)告的出版程序。選項(xiàng)A刊物編輯的背景信息和選項(xiàng)C作者與出版商的關(guān)系及選項(xiàng)D刊物出版的傳統(tǒng)流程都未能準(zhǔn)確概括本段的含義。27.C解析:從文章本題的答案信息來(lái)源在文章的第二段。第二段說到,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使接觸到科學(xué)結(jié)果成為一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)。OECD剛剛發(fā)布一個(gè)報(bào)告,描寫了其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這份報(bào)告使到目前為止贏得不菲利潤(rùn)的很多余版商爭(zhēng)相閱讀(thereportmakeheavyreadingforpublishers)。第三段說到核心科學(xué)出版市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)巨大,第四段說到,這種情況正在改變,也是在線出版也許讓他們利潤(rùn)下滑,所以讓他們有些不安,故答案為C。28.A解析:從文章結(jié)構(gòu)看,文章第一段重點(diǎn)地介紹了傳統(tǒng)的出版方式,這種方式使科學(xué)工作者只有訂購(gòu)了該科學(xué)雜志才可以獲得科學(xué)的結(jié)果。文章第二段介紹一種新型的出版方式——網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版,使得科技人員容易獲得科學(xué)結(jié)果。第三段談到科學(xué)的價(jià)值和投資回報(bào)取決于雜志的發(fā)行量和易獲得性。第四段具體介紹了這一新趨勢(shì)的重要出版模式。從文章的中心是關(guān)于一種新的出版方式,以及它給科學(xué)雜志出版帶來(lái)的影響——可以更方便的獲得科學(xué)結(jié)果。中心詞具有access,反映中心的是解,可以擬定答案為A。29.A解析:從文中“thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthortopayforthepapertobepublish”可知答案為A。30.B解析:正于28題分析的,本文中心介紹了一種出版新的趨勢(shì)——網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版。B正是這一觀點(diǎn)的高度概括,故答案為B.Passagethree31.A文中“…listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehad….Thebodies..changeddramaticallyovertheyears”可以看出此段重要講述NBA球員身高的變化;此外,從文章中心來(lái)看,可以排出B,C,D。因此選A32.C從第三段“butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshaveincreasedinheightby…..”可以看出生活水平對(duì)于身體成長(zhǎng)起著非常重要的作用;此外,A,B,D選項(xiàng)所涉及的geneticmodificat(yī)ion,naturalenvironment和dailyexercise文中并沒有提到;33.B題干中提到“mostprobably..”,通過排出法,可以擬定B為最佳選項(xiàng)。34.D最后一段ClaireC.Gordon提到90%的制服和工作站仍將會(huì)適合新招人員,這就暗示了D選項(xiàng)所提到的內(nèi)容。此外,可以依據(jù)排出法可以知道A,B,C不對(duì)的。35.C從全文中心來(lái)看,文章并不是以“predicthumanheight”為中心的,而是在談美國(guó)人身高問題。所以C選項(xiàng)為對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。Passagefour36.C根據(jù)文章的邏輯一致性和聯(lián)系,從第二段的“Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesofslavery…..”可以看出作者在第一段舉GeorgeWashing(第一任美國(guó)總統(tǒng))對(duì)待奴隸的例子是為了說明“美國(guó)歷史上奴隸制的作用”。因此選C37.D根據(jù)排除法A項(xiàng)中的widely是錯(cuò)誤的,排除;B項(xiàng)中說的太籠統(tǒng),而第二段在講關(guān)于slavery.C項(xiàng)中deliberately和madeup是不對(duì)的。因此選D。38.C從文章的內(nèi)容來(lái)看,Jefferson知道奴隸制是錯(cuò)誤的,但是他又作出了compromise(妥協(xié)),從此而知,其對(duì)待奴隸制的態(tài)度是復(fù)雜的(complex).39.A從最后第二段第二句中可以看出Jefferson能在182023大選中以薄弱優(yōu)勢(shì)勝出是得意于其“將努力看作3/5人”,A選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的的。40.B從最后一段“afterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar
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