2023年12月英語六級真題卷第一套含答案

2０23年１2月份真題(第一套)ParｔＩWｒitingDirｅctｉoｎ：Ｆｏｒthispａｒｔ,youareallowｅd3０minｕtesｔｏｗriteashｏrtｅaasybaｓedonｔｈepicｔureｂelｏw．Ｙｏｕshoulｄfocusoｎtheｄｉfficultyinaｃquｉringuseｆuliｎｆormatioｎinspｉteｏfadvaｎcedinｆｏrｍationtechnｏlogy．Youaｒerequiｒeｄtowｒiｔｅaｔｌｅast１50ｗorｄsbutｎomｏreｔhan２00words.

＂Wehavelｏtsｏfｉｎformatioｎtecｈnｏlogｙ．Wejｕｓtdon'ｔｈavｅmｕcｈusｅfuｌinｆｏrmａｔion."ＰartⅢReadingComprehｅnｓionＳectionAＡsｉtis，sleｅpissouｎdeｒvalｕedthatｇｅttingｂyｏnｆewerhｏurshaｓｂeｃomeaｂadgeofｈｏnｏr.Plｕｓ,ｗeliｖeｉｎaｃｕlturethat_＿___（37）toｔhelａt(yī)e-nｉｇhtｅｒ，from２4－h(huán)ｏurgroceｒystoｒｅstooｎlinｅsｈoｐｐingｓitｅsthａt(yī)neｖｅrclose．It'sｎｏsurｐrise,theｎ,tｈａｔmorethanhalfｏfＡmeｒiｃanaｄultｓdoｎ'tgetthe7ｔo9ｈoursofshut-eｙeｅveryniｇhtａs＿＿___（38)ｂｙsleepｅxpertｓ.Wheｔherorｎoｔwｅcanｃatchｕpoｎｓleｅp-oｎthｅwｅekｅnｄ，ｓay-isａhoｔly_____(39)topicamonｇsｌeｅpｒesｅarcｈｅs．Theｌaｔestevidencesｕｇgesｔｓtｈatwhileitiｓn'ｔ_____(４０),itmighｔhｅｌp.WheｎＬiu,theUCLAｓleｅpｒeｓｅarcheｒandproｆessorｏｆmeｄiｃine,brｏuｇht__＿__(4１)sleep-rｅstrictedpeoplｅｉnｔothelabｆoｒaweｅkenｄofsｌeepdurｉnｇwhicｈtheyloggedabout１0hｏurspｅrnｉght,theyshowｅｄ____＿(42）ｉntheａbilｉｔyｏfｉnsuｌin(胰島素)tｏｐrｏcessｂloodsugar.Ｔｈａｔsuggesｔsｔhatcaｔcｈuｐslｅｅpmａｙunｄｏｓomebutｎotallｏfｔheｄamagethａｔｓｌｅeｐ__＿_＿（43)cauｓes，ｗhichiｓencouｒaｇiｎｇｇivｅnhowmａｎyadultｓdon'tｇeｔthｅhourｓtｈeｙnｅeｄｅaｃhｎight．Sｔill,Lｉuisｎ'ｔ_＿_＿＿（4４)ｔoｅｎdoｒsｅｔhehabitofsleepiｎglessaｎdmakiｎgｕpfoｒitlater.Ｓleeｐingpｉllｓ,whｉleｈｅlｐfuｌforsｏme,arenｏt__＿__(45)anｅffｅctiveremedｙeｉtｈer.“Aｓleepinｇpillwill＿____(46)onｅareaofthebrain，butthere＇snｅvｅrgoiｎｇtobeaperfｅctsｌeeｐingｐｉlｌ,beｃａｕseyouｃouｌdn'tｒealｌｙrepｌiｃａt(yī)es（復(fù)制)thedｉfｆereｎtchｅmiｃａlsｍovｉnginandoutoｆｄｉfｆerentpaｒtｓofｔhｅbraｉntoｇothrｏugｈthedifｆｅｒｅntsｔagesoｆｓleeｐ,"ｓａyｓＤr．ＮanｃyCollop,ｄiｒectoroftheＥｍoｒyUnｉｖeｒｓitｙSleepCenter.A．a(chǎn)lｔernatｉvely???B.ｃateｒs? Ｃ.ｃhronicａlly ?Ｄ．ｄebａｔeｄＥ.deprivatioｎ F．idｅal ? Ｇ.imｐrｏveｍｅntｓ H.necｅssarｉlyI.neｇｏtiａt(yī)ed? ?Ｊ.pierce ?K．presumptｉoｎ ?L.ｒｅａdyM.ｒecommendｅd N.ｓurｐａsses ?Ｏ.tarｇeｔＳｅctｉonBClimateｃhangｅmaybｅｒeal,ｂｕtit＇ｓsｔｉlｌnoteａsybeingｇｒeeｎ.［A]Ｔhｅｒｏadｔoｃlimaｔeheｌｌｉspavｅdwithｏurｇｏodintentｉｏｎｓ.Poｌiticｉａnsｍaｙｔacklepｏlluteｒswhilesｃｉｅnｔistsdｏｂａt(yī)tlewitｈcａｒｂｏnemiｓsions．Butthｅｍostpeｒvasｉvepｒｏblemiｓlessobvious:ouｒoｗnｂehaviｏr．Weｇｅtdｉｓtraｃtｅdbefｏrｅｗecantuｒndowｎthehｅatｉng.Ｗｅbrｅaｋourpｒomiｓeｎｏttoｆlｙａfteｒhｅariｎgaboｕtａｎeｉghboｕr＇ｓtｒｉpｔoＩndia．Ultｉｍａt(yī)ｅly，wecaｎ'tbeｂｏｔheredtｏｃｈangｅoｕｒattitｕde.Ｆｏrtunａｔｅlyｆortｈepｌanet,sｏcｉalsｃieｎcｅaｎdbｅhaｖｉｏuｒaｌeｃｏnomｉcsmaybｅａｂlｅtodothatｆoｒus．[B]Dｅspiteｍｏｕｒnfulpolaｒbeaｒsandｃhartsshowingcａrbonｅmisｓiｏnssoaring,mosｔpeoplｅfindithaｒｄtｏｂelieｖｅtｈatｇloｂalwａrｍingwｉｌｌａffｅcttｈｅmpersonaｌly.ＲecenｔｐoｌlsbytheＰewResｅarchCentreinWasｈingｔon,DC,ｆoｕｎｄthat75－8０perｃｅntofｐarticiｐantsregarｄｅdｃlimatecｈangｅasａnimpoｒtaｎtiｓsue.Butrｅspondentsraｎkediｔlastonaｌｉstoｆｐriｏritieｓ.[C]Thisiｎconsisteｎcyｌargｅｌystemsfroｍaｆeelｉnｇofｐowｅｒｌｅsｓness."Whｅｎweｃａn'tａｃtｕallｙreｍovetheｓourceｏfｏｕｒfｅar,ｗｅtｅnｄtoadaｐtｐsｙｃｈologｉcallybyaｄｏptingaranｇｅofdefeｎceｍechaniｓms,"saysToｍCrompton,ｃｈａnｇestｒatｅgistfｏrｔhｅenｖiｒonmeｎtalorgａnｉzａt(yī)ioｎWoｒdWidｅFundforNaｔｕre.[D]Ｐａrtoftｈefaulｔliｅswithourｉnnｅrcavemａn．Evolutioｎhａｓｐrogｒammedhｕmanｓｔopaymｏstattentionｔoiｓsuｅsthatｗillhaveanｉmmediａt(yī)ｅiｍpact.＂Weworryｍosｔaboutnｏwbecauｓeifwｅdｏn'tsurｖivｅfｏｒtheneｘtmiｎute,ｗe＇rｅnｏtｇoinｇｔoｂearｏundiｎｔeｎyears'ｔiｍe，＂sａyｓPｒofessorEｌｋeWebｅroｆtｈeCｅntreforＲesｅarchｏｎEnviｒｏnｍentａlDｅcisｉｏnａt(yī)ColumbiaUnｉvｅrsityiｎNewYork.IftheＴhamesfoｒReｓeaｒchoｎEnvironmentalDeｃisｉonａt(yī)CoｌuｍbiａUniｖersiｔｙｉｎNewYork.ＩftｈｅＴhamsｗerelapｐingarｏundBigＢen，Londoｎerｓｗoｕnｄfａceuptｏｔhｅprｏblemofemissｉｏnsprｅttyquiｃkｌy.Buｔiｎｐracｔiｃｅ,ｏｕrｂraindisｃouｎｔstｈｅｒiskｓ－andbｅnefiｔs-aｓsoｃiａｔedwiｔhiｓsuesthatliｅsomｅwayahead.[E]ＭatthewＲｕｓhworｔh，oｆtheDepａrｔmentｏｆExpeｒimｅntａｌPsychologｙatthｅUnｉversｉtyofＯxfｏｒｄ,seestｈｉsｉｎhisｌabeveｒｙdaｙ."Oneoｆtheｗａyｓiｎwｈichａｌlａgentｓｓｅemtomakedｅcisionsisthaｔtｈeyassｉｇｎａlowerｗeｉghtｉｎgｔoｏutｃomesthataregoiｎgtobefｕrｔherawaｙiｎｔhｅfuture,"hｅsaｙs."Ｔhisｉsaveryｓensibleｗayforanａniｍａltｏmakedecisiｏnsintｈewilｄａndｗoｕldhavebeenvｅryhｅlpfuｌforhumansｆorthｏuｓanｄsofyｅars．"［F]Notａnyｌｏngeｒ.Bytheｔｉmeｗewakeuｐtothｅthreatpｏsｅdｂycliｍatechaｎges,iｔｃouｌｄｗellbｅtoｏlate.Anditｗe'renｏtgoiｎｇｔomａkeratｉｏｎａｌｄｅcisionsabｏuｔthefｕｔuｒｅ,ｏthersmａyｈaveｔｏｈelpustodｏso.[G]FewpoliticalｌｉbrariesareｗｉtｈouｔaｃopyofNuｄge:IｍprovingDｅcisiｏｎｓＡboutＨealth．ＷealｔｈandＨaｐｐineｓｓ,byＲicｈarｄThalｅranｄCassSuｎsｔein.Thｅyａｒguetｈａt(yī)goveｒｎｍentsshouｌｄpｅrｓuadｅｕｓiｎtomakinｇbeｔtｅｒdeciｓions－sｕchassavingｍoreinourpensionplaｎs-bychaｎgingthedｅｆaｕltoptionｓ.ProfessorWebｅrｂｅlievesthateｎｖiｒoｎmentaｌｐｏlicycanmakeuseofｓimｉlａrtactiｃｓ.Ｉｆ,ｆorexampｌｅ,builｄiｎgcoｄｅsincludedｇrｅeｎｃｏnstrucｔioｎguidelｉnｅs，ｍｏstｄｅvｅloｐerswouldｔoolａzytochaｌlｅngeｔhem．［H]Ｄeｆａuｌtsａreｃerｔaｉnlypartoftｈeｓoｌｕｔion.Buｔsociａlscieｎｔｉstsaremoｓtcｏncernedａboutｃｒaｆｔiｎgmｅｓsａgestｈatexplｏiｔourgrｏupmｅnｔality(心態(tài))."Weneｅｄｔoundｅrstandwｈaｔmｏｔiｖatespｅoplｅ,ｗhaｔｉtｉｓthatallowsthｅmｔｏmakeｃhange."saysProfessorNeｉlＡdger,oｆthｅTyndaｌlCeｎｔｒeforClimａｔeChanｇeResｅarcｈinＮorwich.＂Itisａctualｌyaboutｗhatｔheｉrｐeeｒsthiｎkoftｈｅm,whａt(yī)theirｓｏciaｌnormsare,whaｔisseｅnaｓｄeｓirａｂleinsoｃiety.＂Inotherworｄs，ourｉｎnercavｅmaniscｏｎtｉｎuaｌlylooｋingovｅrhissｈｏｕldertosｅewhａｔｔhｅrestofｔhｅｔrｉbearｅuptｏ.[I]Thepassiｖeatｔitudewehavetｏcｌimatｅcｈａngeaｓindivｉdｕaｌｓcanbealteredbｙｃontｉｎｕingusin－andmeaｓuｒingusagainst-ｏurｐeeｒgroｕp."Soｃialnormｓａreprimitivｅandeｌemental,＂sａysDr.ＲoｂertＣialｄinｉ,ａuthｏroｆIｎflueｎｃe:TｈｅＰsｙｃholｏgｙｏfＰｅrsｕａsｉoｎ."Bｉrdsfloｃktogethｅｒ,fｉｓhschoｏｌｔogether,caｔtｌehｅrdtogether……ｊｕsｔｐerceivｉngnorｍsisenｏｕghtｏｃauｓepeｏpｌｅtoaｄｊustｔheirbｅｈaｖiorintｈedirectioｎｏfthecrowd."[J］Thesｅｎormscantakeuｓbeyondｇoodｉnteｎsｉｏns.CaldiniｃoｎducｔedastｕｄｙinSａnDiegｏinwhichcoatｈangersｂearingmｅssagｅｓaboutｓavingenergywerehunｇonpeｏple'sdoors．Ｓomｅoｆtheｍｅssａgeｓmenｔioｎeｄtheenｖironmeｎt,sｏmefinanciａlsavings,otｈeｒssｏcｉalreｓpoｎsibilｉｔｙ.Ｂuｔｉtｗａｓtheonesthatｍenｔionedｔｈeａcｔioｎｓoｆneighboursthａt(yī)ｄrｏveｄownpｏwerusｅ．[K]Otheｒｓtudｉesshｏｗthａｔsimplyproｖidiｎgｔhｅfａcｉliｔyforｐeopｌeｔｏcompａｒetheireｎｅrgｙusewitｈtheｌocalaverａｇeisenoughｔocausethemtomodifytheirbｅhａvioｕr.TｈeCｏnｓervaｔivesｐlａntoadoptthisstrategｙｂｙmａｋinｇutilitｙｃompanieｓｐriｎtthｅaｖeｒagelｏcaleｌectｒiｃｉｔyaｎdgasusaｇeｏnpeoｐｌe＇sbillｓ.[Ｌ]Ｓocialsｃiｅｎcecanalｓotｅacｈpｏlitｉcianｓｈowtoaｖoiｄourcｏllｅctiｖecaｐａｃｉtyｆorself-destructｉvebehavior.EｎｖiroｎmentalｃampaignstｈattｅllushoｗmanypeoｐlｅdrｉｖeSUVsｕnｗiｔｔｉngly(不經(jīng)意地)implythattｈisbehaviｏｒisｗideｓprｅａdａndｔhusｐermissｉble.Cｉaldinｉｒecomｍeｎdｓsomｅcarｅfｕlｆramingofthemesｓａge."ＩnｓｔｅadoｆnormalizinｇtheuｎdesｉraｂlｅbuyｓyetanotｈerSＵV,itreducesourabiｌiｔyｔobeeneｒgy-inｄepｅndent．"［M]Tａppiｎgｉntohowweaｌreadysｅeoｕｒｓｅlveｓｉscｒｕciａl.Tｈemosｔｓｕｃcessfｕｌeｎvironｍentalsｔrategyｗiｌlｍarｒytｈｅgreenｍｅsｓagｅtoouｒoｗnｓenseｏfideｎtify.Takeyｏuraverａgｅtradｅunioｎmembｅｒ，chaｎcesａretｈeyｗiｌlｂepolｉｔicaｌlｙｍotivatｅdandbｅuseｄtｏcolleｃtivｅactiｏn－muchｌiｋeＥｒiｃaGreｇｏry.ＡretiredｍemberofthePublicandＣｏmmerciaｌSｅrｖicesUnion，shｅisｓｅｔtinｇuponｅｏf1,10０actiongrｏupswiththeｓuｐpoｒtofCｌimaｔｅＳolidarity,ａｔwo－yearenｖironmenｔａlcamｐaｉｇｎａimeｄａt(yī)ｔｒadeunｉonists.[Ｎ]Eｒｉcaiｓprｏｏfthａt(yī)agrｅat-gｒａndmotｈｅrｃａnhelｐtoleadthｅreｖｏlｕtｉｏnｉfyoｕｇetthepsychｏlogyriｇｈt-iｎｔhｉscase,bymaｔcｈingｈerenｔhｕsiａsmfortheeｎvirｏｎmenｔwｉｔhaｆondnessｆororｇａnizｉｎggroｕps.＂Ｉthinｋｉt＇saｔerrificiｄea，"ｓheｓaｙsoftｈecampａiｇｎ."Tｈeｕniｏnbacｋinｇｉtmakesmembersthｉnｋtheｒemustｂeｓometｈiｎｇinit.＂Sheisexpeｃtｉnｇｕｐto２0peopｌeatthefirstmｅetｉngshｅhascalｌed,atherｌｏｃalｐuｂiｎtheCornishviｌlaｇeｏfＰolpｅｒrｏ.[Ｏ]NｉｃkＰerks,proｊeｃtdｉrectorforCｌiｍaｔeSoｌidarｉｔy，beｌiｅｖeｓｔhissortofactiviｔｙｉｓｗheretheｆuｔuｒeoｆenvｉｒonmentalacｔioｎlｉｅs."Usingｅxistingｃｉvilsoｃietysｔruｃtuｒesornｅｔwｏｒksisaｍｏｒｅeｆfecｔｉvｅwayoｆcreatingchａnge……ａnｄoｂｖiousｌｙtraｄeunionsａreｏｎeofｔhｅbｉggestcivilsｏcietｙｎetwｏｒksinｔheUK，"hｅｓaｙs.Tｈe"LoveFooｄ,HaｔeWaste"camｐａignｅntereｄintoａcollａboratｉonｌastyearｗithａｎotherｓuｃｈneｔwｏrk-theWomen'ｓIｎstitutｅ.LonｄoｎerRａcheｌTayｌoｒjoiｎedthecaｍｐaignｗｉththeaimofｍakingneｗfriendｓ.Ａyeａｒon,ｔhemeeｔｉｎgshaｖemａｄelasｔｉｎgchangesｔowｈatshetｈｒowsawａyinherkitcｈen."It'saｌwaysmoreofaｎinｃeｎtiveifyou'ｒeｄoｉngｉｔwithotｈerｐｅoｐle,"shesays."Itｍotivatesｙoｕmoｒeｉfyouknowｔｈaｔyou＇ｖegottoprovｉdefeedｂａｃktoagｒｏup."[P］Thepｏｗeroｆsｕｃhsｉmpｌepsycholｏgyinfightingclimaｔechanｇeisattｒａｃtiｎgａｔtｅntｉonaｃｒossthｅpolｉticaleｓtablｉｓhmeｎt．IntheUＳ,tｈeHｏuｓeｏfRｅprｅｓｅntatiｖesScienceＣommｉtteｅhａｓaｐｐｒｏvｅdabillalloｃａt(yī)iｎg＄10millionaｙｅartosｔuｄyｉngeｎergy-rｅlａt(yī)edbehavioｒ．IntｈeUK,ｎewstudｉｅsarｅｉnｄeveｌoｐmenｔａｎｄsｏcialｓciｅntiｓtsaｒeregｕlarｌｙspotteｄinBrｉtiｓhｇoverｎmentoffices.Wｉthtｈｅｈelpoｆpsyｃｈoｌoｇisｔs，thereisfresｈhｏpethａｔwｅmｉghtgｏｇｒeenａfteｒall．４7．Whｅnｐeoplefindｔheyaｒepowerleｓstoｃhangeasｉtuatｉon,thｅytendtｏliｖewithｉｔ.4８.Ｔｏｂeefｆective，enｖｉrｏnmｅntalmeｓsagesshouｌdbeｃａrｅfｕlｌyframed.49.Ｉtisｔhegoｖｅrnｍｅｎt'sresponsibiliｔｙtopersuadepeopleintomａkinｇeｎviｒｏnment-fｒieｎdlｙｄeｃｉｓionｓ.50.Ｐoｌｉｔｉciａｎsａrebｅginningtｏrealｉsetｈｅｉmportanceｏfeｎlｉstinｇpsychｏlｏgists'helpiｎｆightingclimａt(yī)echange.51.Ｔofindｅffectivｅsoｌuｔionstoclimatｅchａｎge,itisnecessarｙtounｄerｓｔａnｄwhａt(yī)mｏtｉvａt(yī)espｅopleｔomaｋｅcｈange．５2.Inthｅirｅｖoｌution,humａnshaｖeｌearnedtｏpayattentｉontothｅmosｔurｇｅntｉsｓuesinsteadoｆlｏnｇ-ｔerｍconcerｎs．５３．Ｏnestudyshowsthatourneighboｕrs'actionｓareｉnflueｎｔialinchangingouｒbehavior.５4．Ｄｅsｐｉreclearｓigｎsofgｌoｂalwaｒmｉnｇ,itｉsnｏteaｓｙformosｔｐｅｏpｌetobeｌievｅclimatｅcｈangeｗｉlleｆfecｔtｈｅiｒowｎliveｓ．５５．Ｗeｓhｏuｌdｔａｋeoｕｒfｕtｕｒeｉnｔoconsiderationiｎmaｋiｎgdｅcｉｓioｎｓｃoｎcerｎingcliｍaｔechangebefｏreitistoolate.５6.Existiｎgsｏcialneｔｗorkscanbｅｍｏreeffectｉveincreatingｉｎｐeｏple'ｓｂeｈａｖiour．SeｃtionCPａssaｇeＯneMｏreｔhaｎadecadeago,ｃoｇnｉtｉveｓcｉeｎtｉstｓJｏhnBransｆgordandDanieｌＳchｗaｒtz,ｂｏｔhtｈenａt(yī)VａnderbiltUnivｅｒsitｙ,foundｔhaｔknowｌedgetoanｅｗsｉtuatｉｏnbutaquaｌiｔywａsnottｈeａbiｌityｔｏretaｉnfａｃtsoｒａpplyprｉorｋnowｌedgｅtoａnewｓitｕａt(yī)iｏnbutａquａlｉｔytｈｅｙｃallｅd＂preparationfｏｒｆuturｅlｅaｒninｇ."Thｅresｅarcheｓaskｅｄfiftｈｇraderｓandcollegestudenｔstｏcreａt(yī)earecoveryplａntoprotｅｃtｂalｄｅaｇｌesfｒomexｔiｎcｔioｎ.Ｓhoｃｋingly，ｔhetｗogroｕpscamｅupwｉtｈpｌaｎsｏfsｉmｉlａrqｕality（throughthecｏｌleｇestudentshaｄbｅttｅrｓpelliｎｇsｋｉｌlｓ).Ｆｒomthestandpｏｉｎtoｆａｔraｄｉｔｉonaleducａt(yī)ｏr,thisouｔｃｏmeiｎdicatedtｈatｓcｈooｌinｇｈａdｆaileｄtohｅlpｓtudentsｔhiｎkaｂoｕｔecoｓysｔemsaｎdextｉncｔｉｏn,majoｒｓｃientｉfｉcｉdeas.Ｔheresearｃhｅｓdecidｅdtogｏdeeper,howeｖer.Tｈｅyaskedｂothgroｕpｓｔogenerateｑuesｔioｎsａbouｔimｐoｒtaｎｔissuｅsneededｔocreaterecoｖeryｐｌans.Onｔhistasｋ,theyfounｄlargeｄifferences.Ｃｏｌlegeｓtuｄｅntsfｏcusｅdoｎｃriｔｉcalisｓuｅsofiｎｔerｄependencｅbeｔweeｎeaｇles("Ｈowbｉｇarｅthey?＂ａnd＂Wｈatdoｔｈeyeat？＂）.Thｅcollegestｕdenｔshａdｃultｉvaｔｅdthｅaｂｉｌitｙtoaskｑueｓtiｏns，theｃｏｒnerstoneｏｆcｒｉtｉｃalｔhｉnkinｇ.Thｅｙhａdｌearnｅｄhowtoｌearn.Muｓｅumｓａnｄｏtherinsｔitutiｏnｓｏｆiｎｆormaｌｌearnｉngmayｂｅbeｔｔersuｉteｄtoｔeaｃhthissｋillthaneｌemｅntａryaｎdｓeｃoｎdｌyｓchools.AtthｅExploｒatoｒｉuｍinSanFｒanｃisco，ｗerecｅntlysｔudiedｈoｗlearｎingtｏaskgoｏｄｑuestionsｃａnａfｆeｃｔtｈequalityofpeopｌｅ'ｓscientiｆｉcinquｉryWefoｕndthａｔwhenwｅｔaｕｇhｔｐａrtｉcｉpａntｓtoask"Ｗhaｔif?"ａｎd＂Howcａn？"ｑuｅｓtionsthaｔｎoｂｏdypreseｎtｗouldknoｗｔheanswertｏandｔhａt(yī)woulｄsparkｅxploratｉｏn,thｅyeｎgａgedｉnbettｅriｎquiｒyatthｅnextｅxhibit-askingmoreｑuestｉｏns，perｆorｍingmorｅexperimentｓanｄｍａkｉngbｅtterｉntｅｒpｒeｔａt(yī)ｉonsofthｅirrｅsuｌts.Ｓpeｃiａｌly,ｔheｉrｑｕeｓtiｏnsbecamemorecomprehｅｎsiveａｔthｅnewｅxhｉbit.Ratherthａnｍｅｒｅｌyaskingabｏｕｔsoｍｅtｈiｎgtheｙwａntｅdｔｏｔry,theyteｎdｅｄｔｏincｌｕdeｂothcａusｅａndeffeｃtinthｅirquestｉon.Aｓkiｎgjuicyqueｓtionｓaｐpearstｏbeatｒanｓｆerableｓkiｌｌfoｒｄeｅpeningcoｌlaboraｔiveiｎquiｒyintoｔhescieｎｃeconｔeｎtfounｄineｘhibits．Thistｙｐeoflearniｎｇisnotconｆineｄtomuseｕmsofiｎstitutｉoｎaｌｓettinｇs.Inｆｏｒmalleａｒningenvｉｒonｍｅｎttｏｌeraｔefailｕrebeｔtｅrｔｈａnschooｌs．Pｅrｈapsｍaｎｙtｅａcｈeｒsｈaveｔoｏlｉttletｉmetoallowsｔudentsｔoformaｎdpursuｅtheｉroｗnquestioｎsandtoomuchgroundｔocoｖerinｔheｃurｒicｕｌum.Ｂutpeoplemuｓtacquiｒｅthisskiｌｌsomeｗherｅ.Oursｏcietydepｅｎｄonthemｂeingａbleｔomakecriticａlｄeｃisionsabouttｈeirｏｗnmedicaｌtreａt(yī)meｎt，ｓａys，oｒｗhａｔｗｅmｕstｄoabｏutglｏbaleｎerｇｙneedsanddemands.Forthaｔ，wｅhaｖearobuｓtｉｎｆoｒｍalsysteｍthatgiveｓｎoｇradｅs，taｋesａｌｌcomers，aｎdｉsavaiｌaｂleevｅｎｏｎholidaysandweekeｎｄs．5７.Whatistrａｄitｉonaleducators＇interｐretaｔionｏｆthｅseaｒchoutｃomemenｔionedinthefirｓｔpaｒagｒapｈ?A.StudentsarenotaｂletoapplyｐｒｉorknowlｅdｇｅtonewpｒoｂlemsB．Collegesｔudｅｎtsａreｎobettｅｒtｈaｎｆｉfthgradersinmemorizingｉｓsｕes.C.Eｄｕcationhaｓｎotｐａidｅnouｇhａｔtenｔioｎtomａjorｅnvｉronmｅntａｌisｓues.D.Eｄｕcatedhasfaileｄtｏleaｄsｔudｅnｔsｔothinkaｂoutｍａjorsｃientｉfｉciｄeａs．58.Inｗhatwａｙarecｏlｌｅgestuｄentsdiｆfereｎtfroｍcｈildｒen？Ａ.ＴｈeyhavelearneｄtotｈiｎkcｒiticaｌｌｙB.ＴheyareconcｅｒnedaｂouｔsｏｃialｉssuｅsC.Thｅｙaｒｅcｕｒiousaｂoｕtspｅｃifiｃｆeaｔｕres.D.Theyｈａvｅｌearneｄtｏｗoｒｋｉnｄepｅndently59.Whatisbenｅｆitofasｋingquesｔiｏｎｓwitｈnoreａdｙａnswｅrs?A.Itarｏｕｓeｓｔudentｓ＇inｔeｒeｓtinthiｎgsarｏｕndtｈem.B.Ｉtcultiｖatｅsstudents'aｂilｉtytoｍakeｓciｅntiｆiｃｉnquｉries.Ｃ.Ｉtｔrａinsstudents'ａbiｌｉtytodｅsignsciｅntiｆｉceｘｐeｒｉments.D.Itheｌpｓstudeｎtsｒealizeｎoteｖｅryquｅｓtｉonｈaｓanａnｓwｅr。60.Ｗhatｉｓｓaidｔｏbetheadvantａｇeofiｎｆorｍallearninｇ？A．ItallｏwｓfｏrｆailuｒeｓB．ItisenterｔaininｇC．ItchargesnotuiｔionＤ．Ｉtmeｅｔspｒacｔｉｃalnｅｅｄ.61.Wｈatｄｏｅsａｕthorｓeｅmtoｅnｃouｒａgeｅdｕｃatｏrstｏdoａt(yī)theendofthepaｓsaｇe?A.Traｉnstｕdentstotｈｉｎkaboｕtglｏｂａlｉsｓues．B．Dｅsignmｏreinteｒactivecｌassroomａctｉvitiｅs.C．Maｋefullｕseoｆinｆormaｌlｅａｒnｉngrｅsｏurｃes．D．Inclｕdecollaboratｉveiｎquiｒyinthｅcurricuｌum.PａssageＴwｏ"Tｈeｒe＇sａnｏlｄｓayiｎｇinｔhesｐacewｏrld:amateuｒstａlkaｂｏuｔtｅchnologｙ,profeｓsionaｌsｔａlkaboutinｓurance."IｎaniｎtｅｒviewｌaｓtyｅarwithThｅEｃonomist,ＧeorｇｅWｈiｔｅsidｅs,ｃhieｆｅxｅｃutiｖeofｓpace－tourｉsmfiｒｍVirｇinGalａctic,wasplaciｎgｈｉｓcｏmpanyiｎthｅｌaｔｔｅrcategory．ButinsurａｎcewｉllbｅcｏldcomfｏrtfｏlｌoｗingthefａiｌureoｎOcｔｏbｅr31stｏfVＳSＥntｅrｐrｉｓe，resｕltiｎgｉntheｄeathoｆｏnepｉｌｏtandｔhｅsevｅreiｎjuryｔｏanother．Ontopofthｅtｒａgｉcｌoｓｓｏｆlifｅ，tｈeａccidentinCaｌiｆorniawillｃastalongshadowｏvｅrｔhｅfuturｅｏｆspaｃeｔouriｓm，eveｎbｅfｏrｅiｔhasproｐｅrｌｙｂegun.Tｈeｎoｔionoｆｓpaｃetourisｍtooｋｈoｌdｉn２02３witha＄20millionfｌｉｇｈtaboaｒｄaRusｓiansｐaｃｅｃｒａftbyDｅnnｉsTitｏ，amｉｌlｉonairｅｅngiｎeerwiｔhanaｄventurｏusstｒeａk.Jusｔhalfａdozｅｎｈolｉｄaｙ-mａkershavereaｃhedorbiｔsｉｎceｔｈen,fｏｒsｉmｉlarｌｙaｓtｒonｏmｉcａlｐrｉｃｅtags.Butｍorｅｒecｅntly,comｐanｉeshavebｅguｎｔoplanmoreaffordabｌe"ｓuboｒbiｔal"fｌighｔs-brｉeferveｎtｕresjｕsttotheｅdgeｏfsｐａcｅ'sｖastdａrｋnesｓ．ＶirginGalactichad,prｉortｏtｈiｓｗeek'ｓａｃciｄent,sｅｅｍedclｏsesttostartingrｅgulａrｆlｉghtｓ.Theｃompanyhasalreａdytａkeｎdepoｓitsｆromａround８００wｏulｄbespacetouｒiｓtｓ,ｉncluｄｉnｇSteｐｈenHawkｉnｇ.Afｔerbｅingｄoggedbｙteｃhnicａｌdeｌaysforyears,SirRichaｒdBrａnsｏｎ,VirgiｎGａlaｃtic'sfounder,ｈadｒeｃentｌysugｇesｔｅdthataＳpaceＳhipTｗoｃｒaftｗoｕldcarrｙitsｆirsｔpayingcｕstomｅrｓaｓsｏｏnaｓFebrｕary202３．Thａt(yī)ｎowseｅmsaｎimposｓibleｔimeline.ＩnJuｌy,ａｓisterｃraftoｆthｅｃrasｈｅdspacepｌａｎewasｒｅｐorｔedtobeaboｕｔhaｌf-finisｈed.Tｈｅotherhalfｗillhaveｔowait，asauthｏritieｓｏfAｍerica'ｓFederalAｖiatiｏnAｄminiｓtrａt(yī)ｉoｎ(FＡA)anｄNａt(yī)iｏnalTraｎsｐｏｒｔatiｏnＳafetｙＢoaｒdwｏrｋoutwｈaｔｗenｔwrong.Intｈemeａntｉme,ｔheｅntiｒespaｃｅtoｕｒismｉｎｄｕsｔｒｙwillbｅonｔenｔerhookｓ(坐立不安).Ｔhe2０2３ComｍerciaｌSpaｃeLaｕncｈAmeｎdｍenｔｓAct，intenｄedtoencｏｕｒａgeprivatespａcevehiclesanｄservices,pｒohｉbitsthetrａｎsportａt(yī)ｉｏnｓecrｅｔａry（andｔhｅreｂytｈｅFAA)fromregulatingthｅｄeｓiｇｎoroｐeraｔionofprivａt(yī)espａcecｒａft,unｌesｓｔheyｈaverｅsulｔeｄinａserｉousｏrfatａlinｊｕｒytoｃｒewｏrpａｓsｅngers.ThatｍｅansthatthｅFAＡcｏｕldsuspendVirginＧａlactic＇sliｃｅncetofly.Itcoｕldalsｏiｎsistonchｅckinｇprivaｔｅmannｅdspａcｅcraftasｔhorｏｕｇhｌyasitdoescommeｒcialaiｒcraft.Whilethatｍaymaｋesｕbotbiｔaｌｔravelsafeｒ,iｔwoulｄａddsignificantｃostａndcomｐlｅxiｔyｔoanemｅrginｇinｄuｓｔｒythaｔhasｕntiｌnoｗopｅrａt(yī)edｌaｒgelｙａｓtheplaygrounｄoｆbiｌliｏnaｉresanddreamyenｇiｎeerｓ.HｏwVｉｒginGaｌaｃtic，rｅｇulatoｒsanｄtheｐｕblｉcrｅspondtｏthiｓmｏstｒｅcenｔtragｅdywilldｅteｒｍinewhetｈerandｈｏwsoonｐｒivatｅspacetraveｌcantransｃｅndtｈａt(yī)ｐｌaygroｕｎd.Ｔｈerｅisｎoｄoubtthatsｐacefｌightｅnｔaiｌsrisks,anｄtopｉoneeraneｗｍodｅｏfｔraｖelisｔofｒeｅtｈoserisks,andtoreｄuceｔhｅｍwitｈthebｅｎｅfitｏfharｄ-wonｅｘｐerience.６2．WhatissａidaｂoutthｅfａilureofVSＳＥntｅrprｉse?A.ItmayｌeaｄｔothebankｒupｔｃyoｆVirginGａｌａctiｃ.B．Ｉｔhasastrｏngneｇａt(yī)ivｅiｍpａｃtonspａcｅtｏuｒｉsm.C．Iｔmａydisｃouraｇerｉchpeoｐｌefromspacetrａvel.D.Ｉtｈasａrousedpｕｂlｉcaｔtenｔｉontoｓafeｔｙissｕｅs.63.Whatdoweleａrnaboutthespaｃe-ｔｏurismfｉrmViｒginGａlａctic?A.Ithasｊｕstbuiｌｔaｃraftｆｏrcommerciａｌflighｔs．B.Ｉthassｅｎtｈalfａdozｅnpａssｅngersintospａｃｅ.C．Itwasaboｕtreadytoｓtartrｅgulａrbusiness.D.Ｉｔｉｓthefirｓttoｌauｎch"subｏrbital”ｆｌights.64.Whａt(yī)iｓtｈepuｒposeofｔhe20２３CｏmmｅrcialSpaceLauncｈAmenｄmｅnｔsAｃe?（商業(yè)空間的發(fā)射修正案)A．Toeｎsurespacｅｔraｖelsafetｙ．B.TｏlimitｔheFAA'sfｕｎctioｎs.C．Tolｅｇalizｅpｒiｖａt(yī)ｅspaceexpｌoｒatｉoｎ.Ｄ．Tpproｍｏｔeｔhesｐａcetourisｍinｄusｔｒy．６5．WhaｔmｉghｔｔｈeFAＡdｏaｆｔertｈｅrecentaｃｃideｎｔinCalifornia？A.Imｐosemorerｉgidsafｅtystａｎdaｒｄs.B.Stopcertiｆｙinｇnｅwspace－touristａｇｅｎciｅｓ.C.Aｍｅndits2０２3CommeｒcialＳpacｅLauｎchAｍeｎｄmenｔｓＡct.Ｄ．SuｓpｅndＶirginGalaｃtic'sｌicencetotａkepasｓengｅrsｉｎｔｏｓpace.６6.Whａt(yī)ｄｏｅsthｅaｕtｈoｒtｈinkofpriｖａｔespaｃｅtraｖｅl?Ａ.Iｔiswortｈpromotｉngｄesｐiteｔherisksinvｏlved.B.Itshouldnｏtｂecoｎfｉnedtotheｒichonly.C.Itsｈoulｄbestrｉｃtlyrｅｇulated.D.Itistoｏrｉｓkytocarryon.36.Ｂ【解析】catｅｒto表達“迎合”的意思,空白處前提到aｃultuｒｅ，所以用第三人稱單數(shù)cａt(yī)ers。37.M【解析】空白處后有介詞by,因此空白處前要填一個動詞，與后文匹配，ｒeｃommendeｄbｙ符合題意,大多數(shù)美國人都達不到由睡眠專家建議的7——９小時睡眠時間。38．D【解析】空白處前有hotlｙ這個詞，后有ｔopic，說明這是個熱門的話題,要填一個形容詞，ｄebａt(yī)ｅｄ討論的，符合題意。3９.F【解析】通過whｉle..．ｍｉghtｈeｌｐ.可以看出，文章中提到盡管在假日補充睡眠并不是抱負的,ｉｄeal符合語境。4０.C【解析】空白處后為形容詞,空白處需要填副詞做修飾,cｈrｏnically意思為“長期地”修飾“有睡眠困擾的人”符合題意。４１.G【解析】空白處前有showed,因此空白處填一個名詞更貼切，Ｇ選項ｉｍpｒｏvemenｔs符合語境。42.Ｅ【解析】題意為:補眠可以修復(fù)一部分并不是所有的由睡眠（)導(dǎo)致的損害。所以sleep后面應(yīng)當(dāng)接一個名詞,組成“睡眠匱乏”符合語境。43.Ｌ【解析】根據(jù)文中“沒有…去做某事”,推測出空格內(nèi)填一個形容詞,選rｅaｄy表達“Liu尚未準(zhǔn)備好去接受這個習(xí)慣”。44.Ｈ【解析】空格內(nèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)填一個副詞修飾be動詞?！氨仨毜亍狈险Z境,“盡管安眠藥對于一