新編大學(xué)英語4 unit5 after-class reading

AthletesShouldNotBeRoleModelsPassage11.Pre-ReadingQuestions2.OrganizationAnalysis3.WordsandExpressions4.KeySentences5.MainPointsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI1)Whydopeoplewantathletestobeheroes?2)Whatarethequalitiesthatmakeasuccessfulathlete?TobecontinuedPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3)Whatdoesconditionalself-worthmean?4)Whatbringstheyoungathletesrewards?TobecontinuedPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI5)WhatisthefindingofProfessorSharonStolloftheUniversityofIdaho?6)Whydosuccessfulathletesinevitablydevelopthefeelingthattheyareprivilegedbeings?TobecontinuedPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI7)WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleofAlanPage?8)What’stheconclusion?OrganizationAnalysisPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIPartOne(Para.1-2)

Introduction:Peoplewantathletestobeheroes.PartTwo(Para.3-8)

Athletesshouldnotberolemodels.PartThree(Para.9)

Somegreatindividualswillalwaysriseabovethedeformingathleticsystemcreatedbysociety.PartFour(Para.10)

Conclusion:Societyshouldnotlooktoathletesforitsheroes.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIwitnessv.

WordsandExpressions

1.

toseesomethinghappen,especiallyacrimeoraccident,becauseyouarepresentwhenithappens

目擊，親眼看見1)Severalresidentsclaimtohavewitnessedtheattack.2)Thenovelisbasedonaneventthathehimselfhas

witnessed.2.

tobepresentatthetimeofandnotice

親身經(jīng)歷1)Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingsocialmobility.2)Theretailtradeiswitnessingasharpfallinsales.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIusedlike“rather”toemphasizetheeffectofsomething頗有幾分，多少有點(diǎn)somethingofashockorsurprise1)Thenewscameassomethingofasurprise.2)Itwassomethingofashocktohimtorealizehowfondofthelittleboyhehadbecome.somethingofagardener/anexpert

toknowalotaboutsomethingortobeverygoodatsomething

堪稱（算得上）園藝家/專家

Charlie’salwaysbeensomethingofanexpertonarchitecture.I’msomethingofanexpertoncomputers.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageItransformv.

convert,revolutionize,turn…into

使改觀，使變形，使轉(zhuǎn)化Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.Thecompanyhasbeentransformedfromafamilybusinesstoamulti-million-poundoperation.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI1.theattitudetolifeandtheworldofaparticularperson,grouporculture

看法，觀點(diǎn)；

outlookn.

1)Hehadapracticaloutlookonlife.2)MostWesternsocietiesareliberalinoutlook.3)He’sgotagoodoutlookonlife.2.theprobablefutureforsomebody/something;whatislikelytohappen;prospect

前景，遠(yuǎn)景1)Theoutlookforjobsisbleak.2)Theoutlook(=theprobableweather)fortheweekendisdryandsunny.TobecontinuedWordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3.aviewfromaparticularplace景色，風(fēng)光Thehousehasapleasantoutlookoverthevalley.ontopofsth./sb.1.inadditiontosomething/somebody除······之外1)Ontopofborrowing$100,sheaskedmetolendhermycar.2)Wemissedthetrain,andontopofthatwehadtowaitfortwohoursforthenextone.TobecontinuedWordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI2.overorabovesomething/somebody在······之上

Putthisrecordontopoftheothers.Heputhisbooksontopofhers.3.veryclosetosomething/somebody非常接近Wewerealllivingontopofeachotherinthattinyapartment.Thetruckwasalmostontopofus.4.incontrolofasituation

控制（局面）

Doyouthinkhe’sreallyontopofhisjob?Don’tworry;I’mbackontopofthingsnow.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIprotect,guard

保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)

shieldv.1)Hehelduphishands,shieldinghiseyesfromthesun.2)Policebelievethatsomebodyisshieldingthekiller.3)Youcan’tshieldherfromthetruthforever.givenprep.takingsomethingintoaccount

考慮到

1)Giventhecircumstances,you’vedonereallywell.2)Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,westilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIdeformv.ifyoudeformsomething,orifitdeforms,itsusualshapechangessothatitsusefulnessorappearanceisspoiled

使······變形，毀壞······的外觀1)Wearingbadly-fittingshoescandeformourfeet.2)Thediseaseoftencausesjointstodeform.looktosb./sth.todependonsomeonetoprovidehelp,adviceetc.

指望，依靠1)Welooktoyouforsupport.2)They’relookingtothenewmanagertomakethecompanyprofitable.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIKeySentences1.Thesedaystherearesomanystoriesaboutthecriminalactivitiesofathletesthatsportspagesarebeginningtolooklikepolicereports.(l.1-2)Translation近來，關(guān)于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中犯罪行為的報(bào)道特別多，以致于報(bào)紙的體育版面開始像警方報(bào)告欄。

Comments

此句中用了“so…that”句型。

Example1)Hewassoweakthathecouldhardlystandup.2)EverythinghappenedsoquicklythatIhadnotimetothink.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI2.Inanincreasinglycomplicatedanddisorderlyworld,sportsarestillanarenainwhichwecanregularlywitnessacertainkindofgreatness.(l.8-10)Translation“inwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾arena，表示“在這個(gè)競(jìng)技場(chǎng)內(nèi)”。

在這個(gè)日益復(fù)雜和無序的世界，體育仍是我們能時(shí)常目睹某一種偉大表現(xiàn)的競(jìng)技場(chǎng)。

CommentsKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3.Yetthere’ssomethingofaparadoxhere,fortheveryqualitiesasocietytendstoseekinitsheroes—selflessness,socialconsciousness,andthelike—arepreciselytheoppositeofthoseneededtotransformedatalentedbutotherwiseunremarkableneighborhoodkidintoaMichaelJordan.(l.11-14)Translation然而，這里卻有些自相矛盾，因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)往往在英雄身上尋求的那些品質(zhì)——大公無私、社會(huì)意識(shí)，等等——與把一個(gè)有天分但原本并不起眼的街坊小孩變成邁克爾·喬丹所需的那些品質(zhì)正好相反。

Comments此句中“tendto”為“易于，傾于，往往”的意思。those通常代指前文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，這里代指qualities，單數(shù)用that指代

。KeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI4.Theylearnveryquicklythattheywillbeacceptedbytheimportantfiguresintheirlives—parents,coachesandpeersaslongastheyareperceivedas“winners”.(l.23-25)Translation“aslongas”的意思是“只要，如果”，相當(dāng)于“solongas”。

Comments他們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要他們被看作是“勝利者”，就會(huì)被自己生活中的重要人物——父母、教練和朋友——所接受。

TobecontinuedKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIExampleYoumayusethebookasyoulike,as/solongasyoukeepitclean.

你盡管用這本書，只要?jiǎng)e把它弄臟。Thestormlastedaslongas7days.

風(fēng)暴持續(xù)了7天之久。另外，

“aslongas”還有“達(dá)······之久”的意思。ExampleKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI5.Youngathleteslearnthatsuccess,ratherthanhardandhonestplay,iswhatbringsrewards.

(l.27-28)Translation

ratherthan

而不是，而非

年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員認(rèn)為，是成功，而不是努力和誠實(shí)的比賽，能為他們帶來回報(bào)。

CommentsExample1)Itwasthecolorofthatdress,ratherthanthestylethatattractedme.

是那件衣服的顏色而非款式吸引了我。2)Helayratherthansatinhisarmchair.

他是躺在而非坐在扶手椅里。TobecontinuedKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIExampleNote:

“rather…than”也可分開用，表示“寧可······而不；

是······而不是······；最好······而不······”，連接動(dòng)詞原形。

1)Iwouldratherdiethansurrender.

我寧死不屈。2)IwouldratherstayathomethangooutshoppingonSunday.

星期天我寧可呆在家里也不愿上街購物。

KeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI6.It’snotunheard-offorathleticdepartmentstafftowakeupathletesinthemorningandtotakethemtoclass.(l.36-37)Translation這是“Itis+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.”句型。其中，

“notunheard-of”是雙重否定，表示肯定的意思，相當(dāng)于heard-of。

體育部的老師早晨去把運(yùn)動(dòng)員們叫醒并把他們帶到課堂上，這種事情并非聞所未聞。

CommentsKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI7.Giventhissituation,it’snottoosurprisingthatmanyyoungAmericanathleteslackafullydevelopedunderstandingofrightandwrong.(l.38-39)Translation此處given相當(dāng)于considering…，意為“考慮到······”

，引導(dǎo)名詞短語。

考慮到這種情況，許多美國年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員缺乏成熟的是非觀也就不足為奇了。CommentsExampleGiventheirexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.

考慮到他們經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，這工作他們做得已是相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)了。KeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI8.Shereportsthatintheareaofmoralreasoning,athletesinvariablyscorelowerthannon-athletes—andthattheygrowworse

thelongertheyparticipateinathletics.(l.41-43)Translation表示“越······越······”一般用“themore…themore”，此結(jié)構(gòu)和它所修飾的成分必須放于句首，形成倒裝，一般是從句在前，主句在后。

她報(bào)告說，在倫理道德這一方面，運(yùn)動(dòng)員總是比非運(yùn)動(dòng)員得分低，而且他們從事體育運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間越長，得分越低。

CommentsTobecontinuedKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIExample1)Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheis.2)Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).3)Theearlier(itis),thebetter(itis).Note:有時(shí)主句在前，用正常語序，即“主語+謂語+（the）+比較級(jí)”句型來表達(dá)。而從句在后，仍用“themore…”形式