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PredictinganAuthor’sIdeas
Exercise
Onewaytoreadeffectivelyistopredict.Makingpredictionswhilereadingkeepsyourmindinvolvedinthepassage.Itisagreataidinunderstandingwhatcomesnext.
TakeSectionAforexample:
I.PredictinganAuthor’sIdeasWheredoprinciplescomefirst?FindtheanswertothequestionQ1:Whataretheprinciples?FindtheanswertothequestionII.Exercise
MakeYourPrediction1.Buyingapersonalcomputerisnevereasy,nomatterhowmuchyouknowaboutthem.
Youexpecttheauthortomention______.avarietyofchoices,therangeofprices,variousmakesandmodels,andadvicefromeveryangle…2.InbothJapanandChina,peoplehavelongbelievedthatearthquakescanbeforecast.Youpredicttheauthoristomention_______.InJapan,scientistshavewiredtheEarthandseatodetectmovements.TheChinesehavetraditionallywatchedanimalsandplantsforwarningsignsofearthquakes.Forexample,…
MakingComparison
&TakingNotes
Oneofthetechniquestoextendtheideasismakingcomparisonindetails.Paras.1-3Wedifferinthedecision-makingapproach.WhatisthemostimportantthinginJapan?Whatcanitexplain?KeyItisimportantwhichorganizationyouworkfor.ItexplainsthegreaterjobstabilityinJapan,incontrasttothegreatjobmobilityinAmerica.Paras.4-12LetmetrytodescribethreeorfourcharacteristicsoftheJapaneseenvironment…(L11)1.ItoYou
VS
YoutoYou
Westerners:presentargumentsfromtheirownpointofview;sometimessetupconfrontation.
Japanese:trytounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview;trytoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony.2.Consensus
Opinion
VS
Bottom-upDirection
Westerners:proceedmostlyfromtopmanagementandoftendonotconsultmiddlemanagementortheworker.Japanese:travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveanimpactontheeventualdecision.3.WesternCommunicationStyleVSWesterners:deadlineapproach.
Japanese:thoroughjobapproach.Westerners:specificdecision.
Westerners:taketimeforin-depthplanning.JapaneseCommunicationStyle
Japanese:broaddirection.
Japanese:
moveforward,implementthedecision.Paras.13-17Thereisacommitmentandsenseofresponsibilitywhichhavenotyetbeendiscardedinthisageofmachines.(L47)
Examplesaregiventoillustratetheidea.NomuraSecurities:managetoescapethepapertrafficjam;mostinsistonstayinguntilthejobisdone.Matsushita:becomethemanagerofthesalesdepartment;willingtohelp.Nomuracompany:paybackforworkers’loyaltyandcommitment.Translation1.Aparticularpatternofmanagementbehaviordevelopsfromacomplexmixtureofuniqueculturalfactors—andwillonlyworkwithinagivenculture.(L9)某一特定的管理行為模式,是由于獨(dú)特的文化因素復(fù)合發(fā)展而成的—因而僅在一定的文化中起作用。2.The“youtoyou”approachpracticedinJapanisbasedoneachside—automaticallyandoftenunconsciously—tryingtounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview.(L19)日本人所采用的“你對(duì)你”的方式則建立在各方—
自然而然地并常常是下意識(shí)地—力圖理解對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)之上。3.ButwheretheAmericanispressingforaspecificdecision,theJapaneseistryingtodevisearatherbroaddirection.(L38)但美國人總是急于做出具體決策,而日本人卻試著指定一個(gè)大方向。ChinesetoEnglishOldtoNewTranslation
I.OldtoNewdifficulttounderstandabletomovebetter,strongergoforadviceeasilydamagedthrowawaycomplexmobilesuperiorconsultdelicatediscardremovemakeaneffortabletochangefallbehindbegintodealwithpossiblehonestshowingexperiencedismissexertflexiblelagbehindcometogripswithfeasiblesinceresophisticatedII.ChinesetoEnglish
文化差異解決問題做決定工作穩(wěn)定性文化因素解決問題的方法culturaldifferencessolvetheproblemmakeadecisionjobstabilityculturalfactorsanapproachtoaproblem區(qū)別坦率提出自己的觀點(diǎn)共同努力減少對(duì)峙謀求和諧·····的(驅(qū))動(dòng)力distinguishfrompresentone’sargumentopenlymakemutualattemptsreduceconfrontationachieveharmonyadrivefor…對(duì)·····產(chǎn)生影響個(gè)人意見不同見解遇到難關(guān)解雇haveanimpactonpersonalviewdifferentperspectivehaveaverybadtimedismisssb.1.inferior
(L8)
a.
lowerinrank,quality,importance,etc.Translation便宜沒好貨。Key
Cheapergoodsaregenerallyofinferiorquality.III.Translation2.distinguishfrom(L15)
showthedifferencebetweenTranslation他的身高顯出他與別的男孩不同。Key
Hewasdistinguishedfromtheotherboysbyhisheight.3.consensus(L22)
n.
acceptedopinionordecisionTranslation經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的討論,我們達(dá)成了一致意見。Key
Wehavereachedaconsensusafteralongdiscussion.4.owningto(L36)
becauseofTranslation因天氣不好,比賽取消了。Key
Thematchwascancelledowingtothebadweather.5.dismiss(L64)
v.
sendawayTranslation課講完了,老師讓學(xué)生下課。Key
Thelessonendedandtheteacherdismissedtheclass.Discussion
Awritersaysthatawestern-styleconversationbetweentwopeopleislikeagameof
tennis(volleyball;tabletennis).AJapanese-styleconversation,however,islikebowling.Discussthedifferencesbetweenawestern-style
conversationandaJapanese-styleconversation.
TipsAwestern-styleconversation:roducingatopic
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