歐亨利介紹及其作品

O.HenryPenname:O.Henry

Anotherpenname:OlivierHenry

Hisprimitivename:WilliamsSydneyPorter

原名：威廉姆斯·西德尼·波特

O.Henry(1862-1910)HewasaprolificAmericanshort-storywriter,amasterofsurpriseendings,whowroteaboutthelifeofordinarypeopleinNewYorkCity.Henrywasknownasagoodend,itwascalled“O?Henry-end”.Althoughsomecriticswerenotsoenthusiasticabouthiswork,thepubliclovedit.HewascalledProseLaureateofManhattanandFatherofshortstories.Heisoneofthreeshortstorymasterintheworld.(O.Henry,Maupassant,Chekhov)創(chuàng)作豐富的美國(guó)短篇小說(shuō)作家，主要描寫(xiě)紐約平民的生活，市民非常喜歡他。以“歐亨利式結(jié)尾”聞名于世。曼哈頓桂冠散文作家和美國(guó)現(xiàn)代短篇小說(shuō)之父。世界三大短篇小說(shuō)大師之一。（歐·亨利、莫泊桑、契訶夫）WilliamSydneyPorterwasborninGreenboro,NorthCarolina.Hisfatherwasaphysician.WhenWilliamwasthree,hismotherdied,andhewasraisedbyhisparentalgrandmotherandpaternalaunt.Williamwasanavidreader,butattheageoffifteenheleftschool,andthenworkedinadrugstoreandonaTexasranch.HecontinuedtoHouston,wherehehadanumberofjobs,includingaccountant,landboardclerk,reporter.In1887hemarriedAtholEstesRoach;theyhadadaughterandason.

出生于美國(guó)北卡羅來(lái)納州格林斯波羅鎮(zhèn)一個(gè)醫(yī)師家庭，三歲喪母，之后與祖母、姑姑一起生活?？駸岬拈喿x者，但15歲便離開(kāi)學(xué)校。做過(guò)許多工作，在藥房當(dāng)學(xué)徒，做過(guò)會(huì)計(jì)、土地局辦事員、記者。1887年結(jié)婚，生有一兒一女。In1894cashwasfoundtohavegonemissingfromtheFirstNationalBankinAustin,wherePorterhadworkedasabankteller.WhenhewascalledbacktoAustintostandtrial,PorterfledtoHondurastoavoidtrial.Afterhearingnewsthathiswifewasdying,hereturnedtoAustinin1897.Hewasconvictedofembezzlingmoney,althoughtherehasbeenmuchdebateoverhisactualguilt.PorterenteredapenitentiaryatColumbus,Ohio.Whileinprison,PorterstartedtowriteshortstoriestoearnmoneytosupporthisdaughterMargaret.Hisfirstwork,'WhistlingDick'sChristmasStocking'(1899),appearedinMcClure'sMagazine.ThestoriesofadventureintheU.S.SouthwestandinCentralAmericagainedanimmediatelysuccessamongreaders.1894年，歐·亨利花250美元買下了奧斯汀的一家周刊，將它更名為《滾石》（也可以說(shuō)他創(chuàng)辦了《滾石》雜志），使它成為一份幽默雜志。編輯《滾石》一年后的1895年4月，它完全失敗了，于是他將這份雜志物歸了原主。接著，他們搬到了休斯頓。1896年2月，他受到了盜用公款的起訴，被傳受審并被暫時(shí)關(guān)押。他的岳父將他保釋出獄。本來(lái)他的案情并不嚴(yán)重，但他在傳訊的前一天，1896年7月7日，逃到了路易斯安那州新奧爾良，然后又逃到了洪都拉斯。

1897年2月，他獲悉身患結(jié)核病的妻子病危，便趕回了奧斯汀。他回國(guó)后旋即被捕，但又很快再次被岳父保釋出獄。7月25日，他的妻子阿索爾·波特（AtholPorter）死于結(jié)核病。1899年12月，他以“歐·亨利”為筆名在《麥克盧爾》雜志圣誕專號(hào)上發(fā)表了短篇小說(shuō)《口哨大王迪克的圣誕襪》（WhistlingDick'sChristmasStocking）。O.HenrymovedtoNewYorkCityin1902,hewroteastoryaweekfortheNewYorkWorld,alsopublishinginothermagazines.Henry’sfirstcollection,CabbageandKings(《白菜與國(guó)王》),appearedin1904.Afterthat,hestartedalotofcreation.InNewYork,becausealotofexcellentworkpublished,hewonfameandmoney.Hewasnotonlyextravagant,butgambling,excessivedrinking.Tiredofwritingandlivinginunrestrainedmadehisbodyseriouslydamaged.O.Henryremarriedin1907.Unfortunately,thereisnohappinessforhim.HediedofCirrhosis（肝硬化）onJune5,1910.Then,hewasonly48yearsold.1902年，他移居紐約，成了職業(yè)作家，創(chuàng)作了上百篇優(yōu)秀的短篇小說(shuō)。1904年，他出版了一生中唯一一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《白菜與國(guó)王》（CabbagesandKings），這是一部結(jié)構(gòu)松散的政治諷刺小說(shuō)，有時(shí)也被視作短篇小說(shuō)集。在紐約，由于大量佳作的發(fā)表，他名利雙收，有時(shí)也受到記者的采訪。可他不僅揮霍無(wú)度，而且賭博，染上了他父親的惡習(xí)——酗酒。寫(xiě)作的勞累與生活的無(wú)節(jié)制使他的身體受到了嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷。

1907年，他跟早年時(shí)代的戀人莎拉·林德賽·科爾曼（SarahLindseyColeman）結(jié)婚。他們是在歐·亨利一次回鄉(xiāng)期間重逢的。然而這次婚姻并未給歐·亨利帶來(lái)任何幸福，反而帶來(lái)更多的不和與不快。1908年，他與第二任妻子離婚。1910年6月5日，他死于肝硬化。年僅48歲?！秹?mèng)》是他最后一篇小說(shuō)。TheRomanceofaBusyBroker證券經(jīng)紀(jì)人的浪漫故事TheGiftofMagi麥琪的禮物TheLastLeaf最后一片葉子ACosmopoliteinaCafé咖啡館里的世界公民MammonandtheArcher財(cái)神和愛(ài)神TheRansomofRedChief紅色酋長(zhǎng)的救贖TheCopandtheAnthem警察和贊美詩(shī)MajorWorksTheGiftofMagiIt’sabouttheyoungcouplewhoareshortofmoneybutdesperatelywanttobuyeachotherChristmasgifts.UnbeknownsttoJim,Dellasellshermostvaluablepossession,herbeautifulhair,inordertobuyaplatinumfobchainforJim'swatch;whileunbeknownsttoDella,Jimsellshisownmostvaluablepossession,hiswatch,tobuyjeweledcombsforDella'shair.TheRansomofRedChiefTwomenkidnapaboyoften.Theboyturnsouttobesodisgustingthatthedesperatemenultimatelypaytheboy'sfather$250totakehimback.

It’saboutaNewYorkCityhobonamedSoapy,whosetsouttogetarrestedsohecanavoidsleepinginthecoldwinterasaguestofthecityjail.Despiteeffortsatpettytheft,disorderlyconduct,and"mashing"withayoungprostitute,Soapyfailstodrawtheattentionofthepolice.Disconsolate,hepausesinfrontofachurch,whereanorganantheminspireshimtocleanuphislife—andisironicallychargedforloiteringandsentencedtothreemonthsinprison.TheCopandtheAnthemTheLastLeafThemaincharactersSueJohnsyBehrmanthedoctorStoryTheYoung,poorpainterJohnsycontractedpneumonia,Suemakeeveryefforttotakecareofher,butshestilldidnotimprove.Johnsywouldgiveupcompletelywhenthelastleaffelltotheground.Inordertosaveher,AnotheroldartistBehrmanclimbedthewalltopainttheivyleaveinrainynight,whichhecontractedpneumoniaanddiedtwodayslater.Johnsysurvived,thelastonewaspaintedbyBehrman,becamehisfinalmasterpiece.ScenesParagraphsCharactersEvents1Paras1-2Sue,JohnsySue'sroommateJohnsycaughtpneumonia.2Paras3-8thedoctor,SueThedoctortoldSuethatJohnsyneededastrongwilltoliveon.3Paras9-17Johnsy,SueJohnsydecidedthatshewoulddiewhenthe1lastivyleaffell.4Paras18-2.1Behrman,SueSuetol