閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)專題三之推理判斷題解題技巧

第一類推斷隱含意義推斷隱含意義，即要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、段落或全文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。一、常見的設(shè)問形式推斷隱含意義的題干中常含infer(推斷)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推斷，得出結(jié)論)等詞語。常見的題干設(shè)題形式如下：1．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________．2.Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．3．Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．4．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．5．Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________．二、解題方法解答這類題時(shí)，首先通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)(推理的依據(jù))；然后細(xì)讀、理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義；最后結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。解答此類題目，需注意以下幾個(gè)問題：1.嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理，切忌摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2.如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案。3.如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案。4.如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案。5.文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(should，must，may等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案。6.注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively，rather等，則常帶有否定的意味。例1Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute，andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare，aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase(公文包)andstandingbeforemyfull-lengthmirror，repeatingthewords，“Hello，class.I'mMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.Butwhenthedayeventuallycame，mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor，butrathera12-year-oldboy.Q:WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromtheParagraph?A．Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass.B．Hewaswell-preparedforhisfirstclass.C．Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass.D．Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass.解析：推斷隱含意義題。根據(jù)本段中的“Butwhenthedayeventuallycame，mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.”和“Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor，butrathera12-year-oldboy.”可知本題選C。第二類推斷寫作意圖推斷寫作意圖，即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容推斷作者寫該文章的目的。一、常見的設(shè)問形式1．Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________．2．Thepassageismeantto________．3．Theauthor'spurposeistoshow________．4．Thepurposeofthearticleisto________．二、解題方法作者的寫作目的通常有娛樂讀者、說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)和告知讀者某些信息三種。解答此類題時(shí)主要有兩種方法：1．主旨推斷法：寫作目的是闡述作者為何要表達(dá)某個(gè)中心主題，因此可根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫作目的。2．文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)和用途來推斷作者的寫作目的。如記敘文，特別是個(gè)人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章，其目的是娛樂讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的目的是說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(diǎn)；科普說明文或新聞報(bào)告，其目的是告知讀者某些信息。例1Coldweathercanbehardonpets，justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.

Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout，stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside，theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime，makesuretheyhaveawarm，solidshelteragainstthewind，thickbedding，andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Q:Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosolveaproblem.B．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Totellaninterestingstory.D．Topresentaresearchresult.第三類推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，即要求考生推斷作者對(duì)某人某事的看法或作者所持的觀點(diǎn)。一、常見的設(shè)問形式1．Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______．2．Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________．3．What'stheauthor'sopinionabout...?4．Intheauthor'sopinion...?二、解題方法根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和作者的措辭能推斷作者所持的觀點(diǎn)或看法，判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的、主觀的，肯定的、否定的或是中立的。例1Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock-watchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthe

night.

I'veneverheardanythingso

ridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway，thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.Q:WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDr.FredericTrubyKing?A．Heisstrict.

B．Heisunkind.C．Hehasthewrongidea.

D．Hesetsatimetableformothers.第四類推斷文章出處推斷文章出處，即通過閱讀材料，感知內(nèi)容，從而推斷材料的來源。一、常見的設(shè)問形式1．Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________．2．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?3．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?二、解題方法解答這類推斷題時(shí)，可根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來推斷，也可根據(jù)各種文體的特征來判斷其出處，如廣告的用詞和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨認(rèn)；報(bào)紙的前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；產(chǎn)品說明的特點(diǎn)也比較明顯，一般會(huì)介紹其名稱、作用或操作方式等。例

1Themulti-millionpoundnewLibraryofBirmingham(LoB)willbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization(數(shù)字化)ofeverydaylife.

Settoopenin2013，the￡188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotakeshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatre，withwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.

BrianGambles，theLoBprojectdirector，saysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearning.“Theaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital，providing24-hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeople，moreeffectively.”

Gamblessays:“Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary'scontentandservicesopentocitizensasneverbefore.”Q:Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom________．A．a(chǎn)computerbook

B．a(chǎn)libraryguideC．a(chǎn)projecthandbook

D．a(chǎn)newspaperreport第五類推斷目標(biāo)讀者推斷目標(biāo)讀者，即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。一、常見的設(shè)問形式1．Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor________．2．Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?3．Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________．二、解題方法解答此類題要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是從作者使用的詞語和口氣來判斷。例1Exploityourparkingspace

Anunusedparkingspaceorgaragecanmakemoney.Ifyoulivenearacitycenteroranairport，youcouldmakeanythingupto￡200or￡300aweek.Putanadvertisement(廣告)forfreeonLetparkorAtmyhousepark.

Rent(出租)aroom

Spareroom?Notonlywillalodger(房客)earnyouanincome，butalso，thankstothegovernment-backed“rentaroom”program，youwon'thavetopayanytaxonthefirst￡4，500youmakeperyear.TryadvertisingyourroomonRoomspareorRoommateeasy.MakemoneyduringspecialeventsQ:Forwhomisthetextmostprobablywritten?A．Lodgers.

B．Advertisers.

C．Houseowners.

D．Onlinecompanies.即學(xué)即練練1．WhenIwasateenager，mymother'sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow，Iseeitdifferently.Tome，mymother'sEnglishisperfectlyclear，perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage，asIhearit，isvivid，direct，andfullofobservationandwisdom.ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，expressedideas，andmadesenseoftheworld.Q:Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother'sEnglishnow?A．Itconfusesher.B．Itembarrassesher.C．Ithelpsherunderstandtheworld.D．Ithelpshertoleraterudepeople.練2．Som